ME-207 Thermodynamics-II

Solved Examples
(Lecture # 22)

TEXT BOOK: CHAPTER 9

EXAMPLE 9–7
Determine the thermal efficiency of the gas-turbine cycle
described in Example 9.6 if a regenerator having an
effectiveness of 80 percent is installed.

From Example 9.6

h2a = 605.39 kJ/kg
h4a = 880.36 kJ/kg
h3 = 1395.97 kJ/kg

Slide 3
EXAMPLE 9–7
We first determine the enthalpy of the air at the exit of the
regenerator, using the definition of effectiveness:

Slide 4
EXAMPLE 9–7

NOTE: Without regeneration

This represents a savings of 220.0 kJ/kg from the heat input
requirements.

Slide 5
EXAMPLE 9–7
The addition of a regenerator (assumed to be frictionless) does not
affect the net work output. Thus,

The thermal efficiency of the gas turbine has gone up from

26.6 to 36.9 percent as a result of installing a regenerator

Slide 6
EXAMPLE 9–8
An ideal gas-turbine cycle with two stages of compression and
two stages of expansion has an overall pressure ratio of 8. Air
enters each stage of the compressor at 300 K and each stage of
the turbine at 1300 K. Determine the back work ratio and the
thermal efficiency of this gas-turbine cycle, assuming
(a) no regenerators and
(b) an ideal regenerator with 100 percent effectiveness.
Compare the results with those obtained in Example 9–5.

Slide 7
EXAMPLE 9–8
For two-stage compression and
expansion, the work input is
minimized and the work output is
maximized when both stages of the
compressor and the turbine have the
same pressure ratio. As,
𝑃 4 𝑃2 𝑃4
= =8 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟
𝑃1 𝑃1 𝑃3
Thus

Slide 8
EXAMPLE 9–8

At inlets,

At exits,

 Under these conditions, the work input

to each stage of the compressor will be
the same, and so will the work output
from each stage of the turbine.

Slide 9
EXAMPLE 9–8
(a) In the absence of any regeneration, the back work ratio and
the thermal efficiency are determined by using data from Table
A–17 as follows:

Now

Slide 10
EXAMPLE 9–8

Similarly,

So

Slide 11
EXAMPLE 9–8
Then,

Slide 12
EXAMPLE 9–8

In comparison of Example 6.5, the back work ratio drops from 0.403
to 0.304 but hurt the thermal efficiency ( drops from 42.6 to 35.8
percent). Therefore, intercooling and reheating are not
recommended in gas-turbine power plants unless they are
accompanied by regeneration.
Slide 13
EXAMPLE 9–8
(b) The addition of an ideal regenerator (no pressure drops, 100
percent effectiveness) does not affect the compressor work and
the turbine work. A regenerator, however, reduces the heat input
requirements.
Thus, under the air-standard assumptions,

The heat input and the thermal efficiency in

this case are

Slide 14
EXAMPLE 9–8

and

 Note that the thermal efficiency almost doubles as a result of

regeneration compared to the no-regeneration case.
 As the number of compression and expansion stages is
increased, the cycle will approach the Ericsson cycle, and the
thermal efficiency will approach

Slide 15