Welcome.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship

in Healthcare
Module code: MOD005917
Module Leader: Carmelita Charles
Email:
carmelita.charles@london.aru.ac.uk
Week 2: Session 1
Innovation Continue
Homework for Week 1 session 2
• Please watch the video and read pages 48-50 in course
textbook
• Keith Kirkland is developing wearable tech that communicates
information using only the sense of touch. He's trying to figure
out: What gestures and vibration patterns could intuitively
communicate ideas like "stop" or "go"?
https://www.ted.com/talks/keith_kirkland_wearable_tech_th
at_helps_you_navigate_by_touch
Homework for Week 1 session 2
• What method of innovation?
• What theory of innovation might you use to explain this
innovation?
Ground Rules
• Respect ( find out what it means to me)
• Valuing contributions –everyone has the right to
express their opinion
• Everyone has the right to be listened to and have
their views acknowledged
• Arguments will be challenged
• It is ok to laugh and have fun
• Zoom Online Etiquette
• Time Management
Aims and Objectives
By the end of this session you will:
• Have considered a range of definitions of innovation
• Have explored different forms of innovation
• Have examined design thinking
• Have considered the entrepreneurial cycle
Groups 1 and 2 Activities Review
Week 2 Group 1
• Group 1 to research two theories and methods of innovation
and prepare an activity that the whole class can engaged
with( it can be a quiz/ a case study) .
• You will have five minutes to give an overview of your findings
and explain the activity that the group will engage with.
• The time for the activity should be no more than 10 minutes
• Then there is plenary where we will give and receive feedback
on the activity.
• The Kore-text book should be your starting point for gathering
basic information for the activity. Chapter 3 pages 87
Week 2 Group 2
• Group 2 to research at least two Tools for innovation and
prepare an activity that the whole class can engaged with( it
can be a quiz/ a case study) .
• You will have five minutes to give an overview of your findings
and explain the activity that the group will engage with.
• The time for the activity should be no more than 10 minutes
• Then there is plenary where we will give and receive feedback
on the activity.
• The Kore-text book should be your starting point for gathering
basic information for the activity. Chapter 3 pages 87
Defining Innovation
Department of Trade and Industry, UK, definition of innovation (DTI,
2004):
• The action or process of innovating.
• A new method, idea, product.
• The successful exploitation of new ideas.
Some other definitions:
‘Anything that creates new resources, processes or values, or
improves a
company’s existing resources, processes or values’ (Christensen et
al.,
2004).
‘The effort to create purposeful, focused change in an enterprise’s
economic or social potential’ (Drucker, 1985).
Making sense of Innovation
Innovation has both a creative dimension (often described as
‘invention’) and a commercial or practical dimension that
involves the exploitation of the invention. Only when both these
dimensions are effectively managed does one have an
innovation. It is therefore important not to confuse innovation
and invention — they are related, but they are not the same.
Many ideas fail to make it beyond the invention stage.

[James Barlow. Managing Innovation In Healthcare]

Defining Innovation- the key points
• New ideas — a new (or improved) product, process or service, or a
whole new business or business model.
• Exploitation — the idea must be implementable and potentially
value generating (i.e. innovation = invention + exploitation).
• Successful — the innovation is adopted by the target audience.
• ‘New’ is a relative term — it can mean ‘new to the world’, ‘new to
the market’ or ‘new to the firm’.

Source: University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing.

• [James Barlow. Managing Innovation In Healthcare]

Forms of Innovation
The three principal forms of innovation are:
• Products — tangible physical objects (e.g. mobile phone) that
are acquired and then used by consumers.
• Services — intangible things (e.g. banking, education, and
health-care), where the consumer benefits from the service,
but does not actually acquire an object.
• Processes — the equipment, methods, systems used by
producers of products or services.

• [James Barlow. Managing Innovation In Healthcare]

Foster’s Performance S Curve
Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Innovation matters – but it doesn’t happen automatically. It is
driven by entrepreneurship – a potent mixture of vision,
passion, energy, enthusiasm, insight, judgement and plain hard
work which enables good ideas to become reality. The power
behind changing products, processes and services comes from
individuals – whether acting alone or embedded within
organizations– who make innovation happen. As the famous
management writer Peter Drucker put it:

[Bessant, John R./Tidd, Joe. Innovation and Entrepreneurship]

The technological basis for disruption
Disruptive technologies are able to produce a profound impact on society and the business world,
for example the automobile, the locomotive, the semiconductor chip, the digital camera and the
internet.
McKinsey identifies four characteristics of technologies that are likely to be associated with a
disruption:

1. Rapid rate of change in capabilities in terms of price/performance relative to substitutes and

alternative approaches.
2. Scope of impact is broad in terms of the number of industries and the range of machines,
products and services.
3. Potential to create massive economic impact in terms of, for example, profit pools that might
be disrupted and additions to GDP.
4. Potential to change the status quo in terms, for example, of how people live and work or how
societies develop comparative advantage.

• [Lorenzo, Oswaldo/Kawalek, Peter/Wharton, Leigh. Entrepreneurship, Innovation and

Technology]
Concept of Disruptive innovation
• A disruptive innovation is not synonymous with being better than that which
currently exists.
• A disruptive innovation does not mean something that is ‘cooler’ or faster or
based around a more advanced technology or any new technology at all.
• A disruptive innovation is one that “transforms a complicated, expensive
product into one that is easier to use or is more affordable than the one most
readily available”.
• An innovation is disruptive when a new population has access to products and
services that previously were only affordable for the few or the wealthy.
• A disruptive innovation is not about slaying giants. A disruptive product opens up
a market that wasn’t being served, by offering a simpler, more accessible or
more convenient option

• [Lorenzo, Oswaldo/Kawalek, Peter/Wharton, Leigh. Entrepreneurship,

Innovation and Technology]
Comfort stop 15 minutes
Group work: 40 Mintues
In your groups answer the following questions:
Describe changes in the automotive sector using the concept of disruptive
innovation. Contrast these with earlier changes in the automotive sector (e.g.
1970s, 1980s).
How can a traditional carmaker (internal combustion plus drivers) react to the
changes of 2017 and beyond?
Describe the business model such a carmaker should adopt.
What should Tesla’s strategy be to further develop its value through its share-
price?
What might be the effects of alternative power trains and platforms on the car
ownership model of consumers?
Using your own research, are there any threats to the electric car market?

[Lorenzo, Oswaldo/Kawalek, Peter/Wharton, Leigh. Entrepreneurship, Innovation

and Technology]
Dimensions of innovation
Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Dimensions of Innovation Group Activity
• In your groups give one example for each of the dimensions
• 20 minutes

Dimensions Type of Change

Product
Process
Position
Paradigm
Week 3 Groups 3 & 4
• Each group to research and provide a 10 minute presentation
on two entrepreneurial skills for week 4 ( session 1)
• Please liaise with each other so you do not duplicate
The Kore-text book should be your starting point for gathering
basic information for the activity.
Week 3: session 2 Homework
• Watch the film “The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind” on Netflix
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPkr9HmglG0

William Kamkwamba - HOW I HARNESSED THE WIND.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYt41QKmxus
Useful Websites
• Digital News
https://www.digitalhealthnews.eu/tunstall/1300-swindon-pct-launches-
mainstream-telehealth-monitoring-service-for-copd-patients
Department for Business Innovation and Skills
https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-business-
innovation-skills
• Kings Fund
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/blog/2021/01/2020-health-policy-year-12-charts
• NHS Digital
https://digital.nhs.uk/
• Nuffield Trust
https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/health-and-social-care-explained