A.

Definition of Health Promotion

Health Promotion is a public health sciences (health promotion) that has 2 meaning.
(Notoatmodjo, 2010)

1. The first, Health Promotion is as part of the disease prevention level

▪ Level & Clark says there are 4 levels of disease prevention in the public health
perspective (Notoatmodjo, 2010):
a. Increased health promotion
b. Protection against infectious disease by vaccine/immunization
c. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment
d. Reduce disability
e. Recovery

2. The second, health promotion is marketing, disseminating, introducing or selling

health. Health promotion is marketing or selling or introducing health messages or
health efforts in order that people receive or buy in the meaning of receiving health
behavior or know the health messages that people want to behave healthy.

▪ The second meaning is actually the same as health education (health education).

▪ Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to
improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a
wide range of social and environmental interventions

▪ Health Promotion is an effort to improve the ability of the community through

learning from, by, for and with the community, so that they can help themselves, and
develop community-based activities, in accordance with local social culture and
supported by health public policy. (Decree of the Minister of Health, Number 1114 /
MENKES / SK / VII / 2005, on Guidelines for Implementation of Health Promotion
in the Region).

▪ Health promotion is a general preventive way to improve, promote and foster

existing healthy conditions so that they can be maintained and prevent the common
disease threats. Examples: providing nutritious food, general health counseling,
periodic health checks-ups (Budioro, 1997).

B. Health Promotion Roles

▪Public health problems including diseases are determined by two main factors
(Notoatmodjo, 2010):
a. Behavioral factors (physical and psychic)
b. Nonbehavioral factors (eg physical, social, educational, political)

▪ Efforts to overcome public health problems are aimed at behavioral and nonbehavioral
factors

▪ Efforts to intervene on behavioral factors can be done in several ways:

a. Education
 It is the way to persuade and teach the community to maintain and improve
their health. Why a person change his actions? What are the advantages? And
what is the disadvantage of this intervention ?
b. Coercion or pressure (coercion)
What should they do to maintain and improve their own health. Example ?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this intervention?

▪ Which intervention is well-suited for solving public health problems?

▪ The improvement of facilities and services as the way to improve nonbehavioral factors

▪While Blum said factors that affect health in individuals, groups, communities are
grouped into 4:
a. Environment
b. Behavior
c. Health services
d. Heredity

▪These four factors influence each other. Why ? Give an example?

▪Based on these 4 factors then the intervention is also directed to these factors.

▪ Intervention to the physical environment such as environmental sanitation, while the

intervention on the socio-cultural and political environment such as improvement
program in the field.

▪ Interventions of heredity include health counseling, mainly in groups with a risk of

hereditary disease.

▪ Interventions of health care factors such as improving facilities and services including
service management

▪ Interventions of behavioral factors such as education or health promotion ▪Do the other
factors also need education or health promotion?

▪ According to other figures, Lawrence Green (1980) behavior is determined by 3 factors:

a. Predisposing factors Factors that facilitate or predispose to the behavior of a person or

society is they knowledge and attitude. Example?
b. Enabling factors Possible or enabling factors of behavior are facilities, facilities that
support a person's or society's behavior. Example?
c. Reinforcing factors Knowledge, attitudes and facilities that are not guaranteed yet
influence the person's behavior in order that it is need factors that strengthen the
behavior.

Based on 3 factors of behavior, health promotion has several focuses such as :

▪Health promotion activities addressed to predisposing factors is providing information or
health messages and health education
 ▪Promotional activities aimed at enabling factors are empowering communities through
organizing or community development

▪Health promotion activities aimed at strengthening factors are training to community

leaders or officials formally and non-formally. What is the purpose?

▪With health promotion, healthy behavior can be achieved.