Energy Systems

• Energy: Capacity to perform work (potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, etc.)
• Power: Rate of energy production/ consumption (energy per unit time) Types of power plants:

• Energy systems: Electrical energy generation and storage systems 1. Steam (coal, geothermal, nuclear)

• Electrical energy generation systems: Power plants 2. Gas/ diesel

3. Hydro-electric
Fuel consumption à electricity production à mass distribution
4. Wind
Energy storage systems
• Battery: Electrical energy stored as chemical energy Other methods of electrical energy production:
1. Solar cell
• Capacitor: Electrical energy stored as electric field
2. Fuel cell
• India is the third largest producer and also the third largest consumer of electricity
3. Others: biomass based thermal plants etc.
• India is 7th largest hydro-power producer in the world
• India has excess electricity!

Hoover Dam, USA Kaiga Atomic Power Station, India

 Manufacturing for Energy Systems
• Fundamental principle of power plants Generator

Ø Certain form of energy is used for rotating a turbine WT

1
Ø Mechanical energy of turbine is used for rotating a shaft which is connected to an
2 Hot
electricity generator water
Steam turbine
• Each component of a power plant is designed to withstand the mechanical load,
Boiler Condenser
thermal shocks and fatigue, material deformation (due to erosion/ corrosion) etc.
• They should be robust/ durable
cold
• They should be suitable for continuous operation for up to several months Feed pump water

• In some types of power generation systems (e.g. wind mills), light weight of the 4 3
components may be very important WP

• In the case of gas turbine (turbo engine), high temperature resistance is very important
• Some components may experience only one of these forces
• Hence high-performance materials need to be developed
• Examples of high performance materials: superalloy, composite, thermal barrier coating
material, lightweight materials for generators, lubricants etc.
• These materials may not be compatible with traditional manufacturing processes
• Manufacturing for energy systems should be studied independently