Culture shock: Sốc văn hoá /ˈkʌltʃər ʃɑːk/ ==> culture shock and other culture-

related problems: sốc văn hóa và những vấn đề khác liên quan đến văn hóa ==>
experience great culture shock: trải qua cú sốc văn hóa lớn
Ví dụ: Culture Shock basically comes from a lack of understanding and builds up
anxiety. So, it is very important to try to understand the culture religion and people
of the country that you are traveling to and a little research before you leave will
help tremendously.
Indigenous culture: Văn hoá bản địa = Local culture: Văn hoá địa phương # Exotic
culture: Văn hoá nước ngoài xâm nhập vào, văn hoá ngoại lai ==> indigenous
people
EX:Some indigenous people have a very long continuous history.
Time-honoured culture/ Long-standing culture: Nền văn hoá lâu đời = Deep-rooted
culture: Văn hoá bám sâu vào cội rễ # Contemporary culture / modern culture: Văn
hoá đương đại --> To be well-preserved /´welpri´zə:vd/ - Được giữ gìn, bảo tồn tốt
Thanks to rapid advancement in the field of archaeology and monument
preservations, most of the historical edifices of Athens are very well preserved.
Folk culture: Văn hoá dân gian /foʊk kʌltʃər/
Ví dụ: The Vietnamese folk culture has always evolved on the basis of the wet rice
civilization. Thus, the lifestyle of the Vietnamese population is closely related to
its village and native lands.
A diversified culture: Nền văn hoá đa dạng --> cultural diversity: sự đa dạng văn
hóa --> Cultural richness/ Cultural diversity: Sự đa dạng văn hoá ==> travel
to other countries for experiencing culture diversity: đi du lịch nước ngoài để trải
nghiệm sự đa dạng văn hóa
1.2. Collocations ghép với Cultural

Cultural exchange: Trao đổi văn hoá. /ˈkʌltʃərəl ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

With activities in festival, we hope to provide an opportunity that can benefit both
Vietnamese students and a range of foreign tourists, as well as improve the cultural
exchange between Vietnam and the world.
Cultural uniqueness: Nét văn hoá đặc sắc /ˈkʌltʃərəl juˈniːknəs/
A unique geographical position has given India a chance to develop a unique
culture and this cultural uniqueness is a big ‘pull’ factor for travelers from different
countries who visit this amazing country.
Cultural assimilation: Sự đồng hoá văn hoá. ==> Assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/ v. Đồng
hóa ==> assimilate into a new culture= fit into a new culture
Ví dụ: Some immigrants can assimilate into the local culture immediately.
The most prominent feature of the Vietnamese culture is that it was not assimilated
by foreign cultures thanks to the strong local cultural foundations.
Cultural integration: Sự hội nhập văn hoá/ˈkʌltʃərəl ɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/ --> Integrate
/ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ v. Hội nhập
In this tendency of globalization, Vietnam has opportunity to integrate and
exchange with other cultures in the world in order to enrich and affirm its own
identity.
Cultural integration eliminates conflicts arising from cultural differences by
organizing events to connect the values of different communities.
Cultural globalization: Toàn cầu hoá văn hoá
Cultural degradation: Sự xói mòn về mặt văn hoá = The total loss of cultural
identity: Sự đánh mất bản sắc văn hoá = the loss of traditional cultures = the
�disappearance of traditional ways of life: sự mất đi của các văn hóa truyền thống
==> Eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt / v. Loại trừ
Strong leadership can increase the level of connectedness students feel to each
other while at the same time eliminate the cultural borders that may exist that serve
to foster intergroup tension.
Cultural festival: Lễ hội văn hoá
The annual cultural festival aims to honor the Cham people’s values and cultural
identities and provide an opportunity for Cham ethnic minority groups to
strengthen their solidarity.
cultural identity: bản sắc văn hóa
cultural heritage: di sản văn hóa. --> tangible cultural heritage --> intangible
cultural heritage(s)
With a group of temple-towers of Cham people, an imperial city during the
Champa kingdom, My Son Sanctuary is a cultural heritage and tourist attraction in
Vietnam.

Cultural difference /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈdɪfrəns/: Sự khác biệt văn hóa.

It is essential for you to be aware of cultural differences in communication, for
example, to know the correct way of addressing and greeting your business
partners, your boss and your colleagues; always use last names and titles unless
you are invited to do otherwise.
Cultural misconception /ˈkʌltʃərəl mɪskənˈsepʃn/ - Hiểu lầm về văn hóa.
William Cruz showed how differences in non-verbal communication cause cultural
misconceptions. For example, Friendly touching is common in Latino culture,
however it is not accepted in Northern European culture to touch another person
while talking with them.
1.3. Những từ liên quan khác về chủ đề Culture

National identity: Bản sắc dân tộc /ˈnæʃnəl aɪˈdentəti/ --> a strong sense of
identity: một cái tôi/bản sắc mạnh mẽ
National identity of Vietnam is very unique. One of the most basic components is
the Vietnamese language. Many Vietnamese are tremendously proud of their
language and its complexities. Each Vietnamese need to know how to preserve and
develop it.
Racism: Chủ nghĩa phân biệt chủng tộc /ˈreɪsɪzəm/
The Unites States government implemented a number of laws to ensure racism no
longer affects society. However, it still remains in many segments of the
population in crime, job discrimination and especially education.
Race conflict: Xung đột sắc tộc /reɪs kɑːnflɪkt/ --> lead to tension and conflict: dẫn
tới căng thẳng và xung đột
Racial conflicts have become the serious challenge of many Companies in
America. To deal with racial conflict in the workplace, companies need to confront
perceptions of racism; rather than ignore or pretend it doesn’t happen.
Historic site: Di tích lịch sử
Melting-pot society / Multi-cultural society: Xã hội đa văn hoá, đa sắc tộc
Ritual: Lễ nghi /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ ==> traditional beliefs and customs: các phong tục và
niềm tin truyền thống = rituals
Vietnam’s Hung Kings worshiping ritual in Phu Tho province becoming part of the
world’s intangible cultural heritage reflects the importance to the Vietnamese
people of ancestor worship.
Civilization: Nền văn minh /ˌsɪvələˈzeɪʃn/ --> Civilize something: khai sáng thứ gì
đó
The civilization of the Ancient Egypt was one of the most spectacular of the
ancient world, with many demonstrations of their power including the Pyramids.
To be imbued with national identity: Đậm đà bản sắc dân tộc /tu bi ɪmˈbjuːd wɪθ
ˈnæʃnəl aɪˈdentəti/
The objective of the orientation is to promote the role of inhabitants and
communities in the development of a modern architecture imbued with national
identity and the creation of a sustainable living environment.

Show prejudice (against sb/st): Thể hiện thành kiến với ai/cái gì ==> Prejudice
/ˈpredʒudɪs/ Định kiến, thành kiến
After Vietnam War in 1975, Many South Vietnamese, who worked in the south
government, were imprisoned in reeducation camps. After being released from the
prisons; they have had a lot of prejudice from people of the North.
instill cultural and traditional values into somebody: thấm nhuần các giá trị truyền
thống và văn hóa vào ai đó
adopt a new culture: theo một nền văn hóa mới
to be in danger of extinction: đứng trước nguy cơ tuyệt chủng
bring a wide range of benefits to…: mang lại nhiều lợi ích cho…
have a negative/detrimental impact on…: có tác động tiêu cực lên…
get deeper insight into…: có được cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn về… --> Thorough insights
into sth: hiểu biết cặn kẽ về cái gì ex: thorough insights into their own culture and
how their country has evolved: kiến thức cụ thể về văn hoá và nước nhà đã tiến hoá
như nào
broaden their horizons: mở mang tầm nhìn của họ
show great respect for…: thể hiện sự tôn trọng ai đó/điều gì đó
the growing influence of western culture: sự ảnh hưởng ngày càng tăng của văn
hóa phương Tây
the disappearance of some minority languages: sự biến mất của 1 số ngôn ngữ
thiểu số --> ethnic minorities cultural identity erode v. (e.g. erode
national/regional cultural identity ) ==> have/has vanished= have/has disappeared
Over the past two decades, family structures in this country have changed and
feelings of community have vanished.
people of different cultural backgrounds: người thuộc các nền văn hóa khác nhau
Ethical standard /ˈeθɪkl stændərd/ - Chuẩn mực đạo đức
Teachers' duty is to help foster civic virtues of students such as honesty,
responsibility, cooperation, loyalty, and respect-for the law. Therefore, teacher
should act with conscientious effort to exemplify the highest ethical standard.
Historic site /hɪˈstɔːrɪk saɪt/ - Di tích lịch sử
Today Tallahassee is a vibrant and modern city. The capital of one of the nation's
most progressive and largest states, it offers an array of historic sites that reflect the
rich cultural heritage of Florida.
Ancient monument - /ˈeɪnʃənt ˈmɑːnjumənt/ - Di tích cổ

Besides visiting ancient monuments and tombs, coming to Hue, you can also have
a chance to bathe and lying under the sun on the most wildly beautiful beaches in
Vietnam.

Discriminate (against smb) /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt əˈɡeɪnst/ - Phân biệt đối xử (với ai)
Once you have been accepted as a pupil or student at the school or college, it's
against the law for them to discriminate against you because of your religion or
belief.

To be derived from /dɪˈraɪvd frɒm/ - Được bắt nguồn. ==> stem from sth. = be
caused by sth.

A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns over

food supplies at a time of rising populations.
Over fifty thousand English words are derived from the Greek language.
To be handed down: /tu bi hændid daʊn/ - Được lưu truyền

Xoan singing is a vocal art of villages in the ancestral land of Phu Tho. It has been
handed down for generations and the oral tradition is still very much alive today.

be in the minority = belong to a small part of a group that is different from most
members of the group
EX:In New Zealand, as in many other English-speaking countries, speakers of two
or more languages arc in the minority.
gone are the days when... = people do not do sth. any longer
EX: Gone are the days when music was just a cultural expression.
core values= important principles about what is right and wrong
In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey
the rules of their community and share the core values.
unspoken rules = rules that can only be thought of or felt
EX:There are many unspoken rules that we live by.
be incompatible with sth. = too different from another thing to be able to exist with
it
EX:Their products are incompatible with the local customs.
language barrier= language differences that prevent people from communicating --
>
a single international language= a language that is intended to be used by people of
different linguistic backgrounds

Some people believe that a single international language has become a practical
necessity because of the increasing international communication.

EX: You weren’t too worried about language barriers?

remote ancestors= people who were related to you and who lived a long time ago
EX:their worship of remote ancestors is represented with various rituals
be nostalgic= has a feeling of pleasure and slight sadness at the same time as sb.
thinks about things that happened in the past
Seeing old school photos can make some of us quite nostalgic.
be forward-looking= thing about the future in a positive way
EX:This country has a growing and forward-looking economy.
has a resurgence in popularity= has become popular again ==> regain its vitality=
get its energy and strength back
EX:It seems the high-tech media can help the traditional culture to regain its
vitality.

EX:acoustic music has had a resurgence in popularity due to the recent popularity
of musicians playing without electric amplification on TV.
preserve the individuality of cultures= maintain the quality that makes a culture
different from other cultures
EX:A single international language may make it difficult to preserve the
individuality of cultures.
a close-knit community= a group of people who have strong friendly relationships
with each other
EX:This close-knit community looks like a classic British village.
sense of alienation= a feeling of being separated from society or the group of
people around you
EX: one argue that technology leads to greater social economic division and a
sense of alienation among people who are physically close to each other.
Visually unattractive to local residents: không thu hút được dân địa phương vì bề
ngoài
Fascinating experiences of exotic cuisine and culture: nhiều trải nghiệm về văn hoá
nước ngoài
Patriotism: lòng yêu nước —> develop their patriotism and pride: phát triển lòng
yêu nước và sự tự hào ==> Take pride in their origin: tự hào về lòng yêu nước
Well-rounded perspective of life: 1 cái nhìn toàn diện về cuộc sống
Historical backgrounds: bối cảnh lịch sử
Brings no relevant values to the present or fulture: không đem lại giá trị thực tiễn
cho hiện tại và tương lai
share / have a/one common ancestor: có chung tổ tiên