~

'

13.1.4 Further considerations 13.2 lnerting of Cargo Tanks

I

ln cases where you are not required to warm up all the tanks, even if you are preparing for single tank entry,
follow the same procedure as for all tanks. ln such a situation the tank(s) to be inspected must be totally
isolated from the other tanks and associated cargo systems.
The warm-up operation of a single tank will have approximately the same duration as when warming-up all
cargo tanks. This is because the warm-up operation is a temperature related process rather than a volume
related process.
With the LNGC underway and venting, ensure the prevailing wind direction allows the vapour to disperse
away from the accommodation block and machinery intakes.
The highest level of the No Smoking restrictions should be clearly posted and in force during the operation.
13.2.1 Overview
After the tanks have been warmed up, and before the final aerating stage can begin, the LNG vapour is
displaced with inert gas.
lnerting is necessary to prevent the risk of having an air/LNG vapour mixture in the flammable range.
The operation continues until the hydrocarbon content is reduced to less than 2o/o by volume. A typical
operation will take about 20 hours to complete.
Inert gas from the IG plant passes through the cargo tank filling lines to enter at the bottom of the tanks.
Displaced gas from the cargo tanks is vented from the top of the tank, through the vapour header, to vent
mast No.1.

Before you admit the cold CH4 vapour, preheat the vapour heater(s) thoroughly with steam. This prevents
13.2.2 Preparation for inerting
the formation of ice that could damage the equipment.

Preparations are as follows:

When returning heated vapour to the cargo tanks, do not exceed the maximum stipulated heater outlet
temperature for the system design. This is to avoid possible damage to the cargo piping insulation, cargo
• A detailed plan of the operation must be prepared
valve seals, gas compressor seals, primary membranes, membrane load-bearing insulation or sphere
equatorial structure, • all portable gas detectors must be checked and calibrated prior to operation
•... t-:
': ~' •
' . ' ' - ., "\ • prepare the IG plant for use in the inert gas mode

• ' '' • the spool piece must be fitted, connecting the IG line with the liquid header.

The line up of the cargo piping must be as per the ship's specific cargo operating manual. Typically, it will be
as follows:

•
• Open the valves to supply IG to the liquid header
f

, open the tank vapour valves

• open the tank filling valves

-• • line up the vapour header to No. 1 vent mast.

118 119
 •

13.2.3 Operational description - cargo tank inerting after warming-up

Inert gas

Vapour

IG is introduced to cargo tank

bottom via liquid header and filling valves
..
'
''
'
\\

,,.,_.
·---".: <.

/
_..,,.,.,.,.--
·--,.,_"··,.,_ //
•

' ··---,~----,
- . '.
•
~, Vapour is released to
·: .,
'. ' .
v
. .\
' <,
......... "<,<, '<,
:
:
'

11 '
.
I
the atmosphere
• ' <, I

Inert gas from IG plant "<, "<,

"·, ·,e-,__
<, __
"-'..
It¡-;~,
' \,<

I "'----- <,
'·

•
I
<,
I

''
••
'-.
...._
r
,' '
I
·-. I
'r-.. "'. '
' I
The flow loop directs IG from the IG plant to the liquid header and into the cargo tanks via the tank branch ,
.
I'----'.._~
~,'/
I '.I
valves and the filling lines. Purged vapour from the tanks is exhausted to the vapour header via the tank I
<,
,,_
dome vapour valves and released to the atmosphere through vent mast No.1. The procedure is as follows: '<, . ..
,,
'· <, <,•
\.

_I J :,
'I
<, <;
-~
• Start the inert gas generator to produce inert gas discharging to atmosphere -<, ~ ..................

• when the 02 content is < 1 °/oby volume and the dew point is minus 45ºC (-45ºC) or lower, open the -
valve to deck
-----.~-
• flow is now established through the filling line of each cargo tank and vapour is vented via No. 1
vent mast I

• monitor the CH4 content of each tank by taking a reading with a portable gas detector at the liquid
and vapour domes and the sample points
"" ,,
<,
<.
<,
• purge through the sample valves and lines on the main cargo pumps, emergency pump discharge,
float gauge column, radar still pipe, etc
<. ......
.

• purge through the spray header and spray pumps

<.
• purge through the compressors, vaporisers, heaters and manifolds •
• where there are blank flanges at various points, these should be slackened off to allow the section
· Figure 7 3.2 Cargo tank inerting after warming-up
of the line to be properly inerted

• when the CH4 content measured in the cargo tanks is <2o/o by volume, filling and vapour valves of
the tank are closed (change over IG flow to atmosphere)

• when all the tanks are inerted, stop the IG plant

• close the IG supply valve to the liquid header and close the venting system at No.1 vent mast. 11

120 121

...
 •

13.2.3 Operational description - cargo tank inerting after warming-up

Inert gas

Vapour

IG is introduced to cargo tank

bottom via liquid header and filling valves
..
'
''
'
\\

,,.,_.
·---".: <.

/
_..,,.,.,.,.--
·--,.,_"··,.,_ //
•

' ··---,~----,
- . '.
•
~, Vapour is released to
·: .,
'. ' .
v
. .\
' <,
......... "<,<, '<,
:
:
'

11 '
.
I
the atmosphere
• ' <, I

Inert gas from IG plant "<, "<,

"·, ·,e-,__
<, __
"-'..
It¡-;~,
' \,<

I "'----- <,
'·

•
I
<,
I

''
••
'-.
...._
r
,' '
I
·-. I
'r-.. "'. '
' I
The flow loop directs IG from the IG plant to the liquid header and into the cargo tanks via the tank branch ,
.
I'----'.._~
~,'/
I '.I
valves and the filling lines. Purged vapour from the tanks is exhausted to the vapour header via the tank I
<,
,,_
dome vapour valves and released to the atmosphere through vent mast No.1. The procedure is as follows: '<, . ..
,,
'· <, <,•
\.

_I J :,
'I
<, <;
-~
• Start the inert gas generator to produce inert gas discharging to atmosphere -<, ~ ..................

• when the 02 content is < 1 °/oby volume and the dew point is minus 45ºC (-45ºC) or lower, open the -
valve to deck
-----.~-
• flow is now established through the filling line of each cargo tank and vapour is vented via No. 1
vent mast I

• monitor the CH4 content of each tank by taking a reading with a portable gas detector at the liquid
and vapour domes and the sample points
"" ,,
<,
<.
<,
• purge through the sample valves and lines on the main cargo pumps, emergency pump discharge,
float gauge column, radar still pipe, etc
<. ......
.

• purge through the spray header and spray pumps

<.
• purge through the compressors, vaporisers, heaters and manifolds •
• where there are blank flanges at various points, these should be slackened off to allow the section
· Figure 7 3.2 Cargo tank inerting after warming-up
of the line to be properly inerted

• when the CH4 content measured in the cargo tanks is <2o/o by volume, filling and vapour valves of
the tank are closed (change over IG flow to atmosphere)

• when all the tanks are inerted, stop the IG plant

• close the IG supply valve to the liquid header and close the venting system at No.1 vent mast. 11

120 121

...
 ---,- •

13.2.4 Further considerations 13.3 Aeration of Cargo Tanks

When inerting cargo tanks after warming-up it is much easier to achieve the piston effect than with the
13.3.1 Overview
air displacement after dry-dock, as the difference in density of two mediums after warming-up is greatly
increased.
Before any personnel can enter the cargo tanks, the IG must be replaced with dry, breathable air. Include the
pipelines (liquid and vapour), cargo machinery, associated heat exchangers and fittings in this process.
During the inerting procedure, the pressure in the tanks must be kept as low as possible to maximise
the piston effect. However, the initial flow should be reduced to allow gradual filling to the tank bottom.
Testing for traces of noxious gases (including (02 <O.So/o by volume and CO <50 ppm) that may have been
This can be done for the first hour of the operation. Afterwards, the IG flow should be increased to the
•
constituents of the IG will be done by a shore chemist prior to issuing the gas free certificate .
maximum.
Appropriate precautions must be taken as per ISGOTTand other relevant publications.
All sampling points should be checked throughout the operation. If, at an early stage of the inerting
operation (first 3 hours), a reduced CH4 content is observed anywhere except at the bottom of the tank, it
With the IG/dry air plant in dry air production mode, purge the cargo tanks with dry air until you reach a
will indicate that the piston effect may not have been achieved and the operation may take longer than
reading of 20.9°/o 02 by volume.
planned.
Note: The difference in density between IG and dry air is only slight, even when optimum temperatures are
With the LNGC underway and venting, make sure the prevailing wind direction allows the vapour to achieved.
disperse away from the accommodation block and machinery intakes.
The operation is complete when all the tanks have a 20.9º/o 02 by volume, a CH4 content <0.2o/o by volume
The highest level of the No Smoking restrictions should be clearly posted and in force during the operation. (or a locally required equivalent) and a dew point<minus 40º( (-40º() .
•

' • ' 13.3.2 Preparation for aeration

':,\!
• ... '",. '
... " • A detailed plan of operation must be prepared
• ''
• measuring devices (dew point meters and portable gas detectors) must be checked and calibrated
prior to operation

• prepare the IG/dry air plant for use in the dry air mode
..
• in preparation for the aerating, it will be necessary to the fit relevant spool pieces
!
• line up the IG/dry air line to the vapour header

• line up the liquid header to No. 1 vent mast .

.,
Line up of the cargo piping must be as per the ship's specific cargo operating manual. Typically, it will be as
follows:

• Open the valves to supply dry air to the vapour header

• open the tank filling valves

• open the tank vapour valves .

122 123

~
 ---,- •

13.2.4 Further considerations 13.3 Aeration of Cargo Tanks

When inerting cargo tanks after warming-up it is much easier to achieve the piston effect than with the
13.3.1 Overview
air displacement after dry-dock, as the difference in density of two mediums after warming-up is greatly
increased.
Before any personnel can enter the cargo tanks, the IG must be replaced with dry, breathable air. Include the
pipelines (liquid and vapour), cargo machinery, associated heat exchangers and fittings in this process.
During the inerting procedure, the pressure in the tanks must be kept as low as possible to maximise
the piston effect. However, the initial flow should be reduced to allow gradual filling to the tank bottom.
Testing for traces of noxious gases (including (02 <O.So/o by volume and CO <50 ppm) that may have been
This can be done for the first hour of the operation. Afterwards, the IG flow should be increased to the
•
constituents of the IG will be done by a shore chemist prior to issuing the gas free certificate .
maximum.
Appropriate precautions must be taken as per ISGOTTand other relevant publications.
All sampling points should be checked throughout the operation. If, at an early stage of the inerting
operation (first 3 hours), a reduced CH4 content is observed anywhere except at the bottom of the tank, it
With the IG/dry air plant in dry air production mode, purge the cargo tanks with dry air until you reach a
will indicate that the piston effect may not have been achieved and the operation may take longer than
reading of 20.9°/o 02 by volume.
planned.
Note: The difference in density between IG and dry air is only slight, even when optimum temperatures are
With the LNGC underway and venting, make sure the prevailing wind direction allows the vapour to achieved.
disperse away from the accommodation block and machinery intakes.
The operation is complete when all the tanks have a 20.9º/o 02 by volume, a CH4 content <0.2o/o by volume
The highest level of the No Smoking restrictions should be clearly posted and in force during the operation. (or a locally required equivalent) and a dew point<minus 40º( (-40º() .
•

' • ' 13.3.2 Preparation for aeration

':,\!
• ... '",. '
... " • A detailed plan of operation must be prepared
• ''
• measuring devices (dew point meters and portable gas detectors) must be checked and calibrated
prior to operation

• prepare the IG/dry air plant for use in the dry air mode
..
• in preparation for the aerating, it will be necessary to the fit relevant spool pieces
!
• line up the IG/dry air line to the vapour header

• line up the liquid header to No. 1 vent mast .

.,
Line up of the cargo piping must be as per the ship's specific cargo operating manual. Typically, it will be as
follows:

• Open the valves to supply dry air to the vapour header

• open the tank filling valves

• open the tank vapour valves .

122 123

~
 13.3.3 Operational description - cargo tank aeration 13.3.4 Further considerations

Cargo tanks are not opened when this stage is completed. During dry-dock preparations, tank entry can
only occur after the shore chemist has tested/passed all associated spaces and issued a gas free certificate.

On membrane type LNGCs,differential pressure across the barriers, both primary and secondary, must
be maintained within acceptable limits. Prior to opening cargo tanks, the pressure in the barriers must be
reduced to acceptable operational values.
\___)

Dry air is introduced to Inert gas

cargo tanks via vapour header

Dry air

'<, <,
·,
• --......... "<, ....... _

<,
' • ' ~· .,"'--!.
·: .,.' <,
\,,:-~ ... ·, ' ' il ' IG is released to
Dry air from
I I

'' ,.,,...__ I' the atmosphere

• IG/dry air plant
<, ¡:1 r
• . 'M. ·I I -.......__' I
I ...._..!.<,
-c.<,
...

"
"-~

' ~"" ...

_ .. , /
,,
-~
-.... I
. I
/
'

- I

.
••
<, ....."'-,
'· <, ,, ~. I
I ....__
....
I '····f.-., ~
..... ~ ..... _

"' I I <, '.~~__/_\,

--,¡ <, ',
"-...,
The procedure is as follows:
-- ......
--<,

', -,"'-< . _.....~

"
i
.
~
___,.
"'<~,r i !
• Start the IG/dry air plant, discharging to atmosphere until the correct dew point is obtained ~{.
"-c::
',
• when the dew point is minus 45º( (-45º() or lower, open the valve to deck <,
"<; <,

• flow is now established through the vapour line of each cargo tank and IG is vented via the <,
liquid line through No.1 vent mast ·---""- <, -y
• monitor the 02 content and dew point of each tank by taking a reading with a portable gas
<,
"· •,
•,,
I
,,
detector and dew point meter at the liquid and vapour domes and the sample points ·-.....
"<,
"<, .,
• purge through the sample valves and lines on the main cargo pumps, emergency pump
discharge, float gauge column, radar still pipe, etc
-- "<,· ....
"·
'·:. . .
........ I
.

• purge through the spray header and spray pumps

<, "<, ...._
"- ....
J·
·.''
•,:

• purge through the compressors, vaporisers, heaters and manifolds ''-'

• where there are blank flanges at various points, these should be slackened off to allow the Figure 13.3 Cargo tank aeration
section of the line to be properly aerated

, when the 02 content measured in the cargo tanks is 20.9o/o by volume and the values of CH4
and C02 are at prescribed levels, filling and vapour valves of the tank are closed (change over
dry air flow to atmosphere)

, when all the tanks are aerated, stop the IG/dry air plant (this will not normally be until the
shore chemist has issued the gas free certificate)

, close the supply valve to the vapour header and close the venting system at the vent mast.

124 125
 13.3.3 Operational description - cargo tank aeration 13.3.4 Further considerations

Cargo tanks are not opened when this stage is completed. During dry-dock preparations, tank entry can
only occur after the shore chemist has tested/passed all associated spaces and issued a gas free certificate.

On membrane type LNGCs,differential pressure across the barriers, both primary and secondary, must
be maintained within acceptable limits. Prior to opening cargo tanks, the pressure in the barriers must be
reduced to acceptable operational values.
\___)

Dry air is introduced to Inert gas

cargo tanks via vapour header

Dry air

'<, <,
·,
• --......... "<, ....... _

<,
' • ' ~· .,"'--!.
·: .,.' <,
\,,:-~ ... ·, ' ' il ' IG is released to
Dry air from
I I

'' ,.,,...__ I' the atmosphere

• IG/dry air plant
<, ¡:1 r
• . 'M. ·I I -.......__' I
I ...._..!.<,
-c.<,
...

"
"-~

' ~"" ...

_ .. , /
,,
-~
-.... I
. I
/
'

- I

.
••
<, ....."'-,
'· <, ,, ~. I
I ....__
....
I '····f.-., ~
..... ~ ..... _

"' I I <, '.~~__/_\,

--,¡ <, ',
"-...,
The procedure is as follows:
-- ......
--<,

', -,"'-< . _.....~

"
i
.
~
___,.
"'<~,r i !
• Start the IG/dry air plant, discharging to atmosphere until the correct dew point is obtained ~{.
"-c::
',
• when the dew point is minus 45º( (-45º() or lower, open the valve to deck <,
"<; <,

• flow is now established through the vapour line of each cargo tank and IG is vented via the <,
liquid line through No.1 vent mast ·---""- <, -y
• monitor the 02 content and dew point of each tank by taking a reading with a portable gas
<,
"· •,
•,,
I
,,
detector and dew point meter at the liquid and vapour domes and the sample points ·-.....
"<,
"<, .,
• purge through the sample valves and lines on the main cargo pumps, emergency pump
discharge, float gauge column, radar still pipe, etc
-- "<,· ....
"·
'·:. . .
........ I
.

• purge through the spray header and spray pumps

<, "<, ...._
"- ....
J·
·.''
•,:

• purge through the compressors, vaporisers, heaters and manifolds ''-'

• where there are blank flanges at various points, these should be slackened off to allow the Figure 13.3 Cargo tank aeration
section of the line to be properly aerated

, when the 02 content measured in the cargo tanks is 20.9o/o by volume and the values of CH4
and C02 are at prescribed levels, filling and vapour valves of the tank are closed (change over
dry air flow to atmosphere)

, when all the tanks are aerated, stop the IG/dry air plant (this will not normally be until the
shore chemist has issued the gas free certificate)

, close the supply valve to the vapour header and close the venting system at the vent mast.

124 125
 •
•
•
;
.. -
-·, ••
"
 •
•
•
;
.. -
-·, ••
"
 1

Glossary LD: Low Demand, as used to describe the LD Compressors, ie compressors designed for a lower volumetric
throughput, but usually capable of higher discharge pressures.
BOG: Boil-off Gas. This is due to natural evaporation. lt is controlled within the cargo tanks to maintain safe
cargo tank pressure. LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas.

CCR: Cargo Control Room. The focal point for the control of cargo operations. LNGC: LNG Carrier.

Class: A general term for a Classification Society, for example, Lloyds or DNV. mbar: A unit of pressure equal to one-thousandth of a bar. A bar is a unit of pressure equal to
105 Newton/m3, or approximately equal to one atmosphere (1,000 mbar+).
Compressor: High duty compressors are used for the return and circulation of vapour. Low duty
compressors are used for vapour supply to gas burning equipment. mbarA (Absolute): Pressure expressed in terms of mbar as measured from absolute zero pressure.

CTMS: Cargo Transfer and Measurement System. An approved/certificated means by which the quantity PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.
of carqo on board can be determined. System components comprise of, cargo tank level gauging system
(Radar or Trans-sonics), trim/list indicator, vapour pressure measurement system, cargo temperature sensors Purge: ln the context of this publication, a term used to describe any operation that involves replacing one
and an input/output box for the communication interfaces. The system is sometimes referred to as the CTS medium with another in a controlled manner and to prescribed limits, ie hydrocarbon gas with IG, or IG with
(cargo transfer system). · air, etc.
>'!'--"

CTS: Custody Transfer Surveys. Performed and the opening and closing of transfer operations. Relief: ln the context of this publication, a term used to describe a device or system for controlled pressure
release from an enclosed space or vessel.
ER: Engine Room. •

:; ' .... RGB: Return Gas Blower. Usually part of the shore installation used for returning pressurised gas to the
•· .. · - ·.
ESD: Ernerqency Shut Down system. LNGC,to replace the liquid volume discharged.
'.- . : .
~
.
.' .-\
'
• Flammable Range: 'A mixture of LNG vapour and air cannot be ignited and burned unless its composition Saturation Temperature: The temperature at which a liquid mass starts to change state into vapour.
lies within a range of gas in air concentrations known as the flammable range. The lower limit of this
range, known as the lower flammable limit (LFL), is that LNG vapour concentration below which there is SMS: Safety Management System. The rules and regulations (electronic or hard copy) as prescribed and
insufficient LNG vapour to support and propagate combustion. The upper limit of the range, known as kept updated by the operators, for the safe manning and operation of their ships under the ISM Code.
the upper flammable limit (UFL), is that LNG vapour concentration above which there is insufficient air to
support and propagaté combustion. SMT: Ship's Management Team. A committee usually chaired by the ship's Master, comprising of
department heads and associated supervisors.
Gas Heater: These are used to heat BOG to be used as fuel gas during a voyage.
SVP: Saturated Vapour Pressure is the pressure of a vapor when it is in equilibrium with the liquid phase.
GCU: Gas Combustion Unit.

GTT: Gaztransport & Technigaz. Manufacturers of membrane type gas carriers.

HD: High Demand, as used to describe the HD compressors, ie compressors designed with the capability of
a large volumetric throughput.

Heel: A quantity of LNG remaining on the ship after discharge.

Heel Ageing: ln this context, a term used to describe the process whereby the light factions contained in a
liquid mass evaporate, leaving behind the heavier ends.

IG: Inert gas is added to an LNG vapour/air mixture in the cargo system to prevent an atmosphere that is
sufficient for combustion.

IG Plant: Inert Gas generating plant.

IHI: Inner Hull Inspection.

lnerted: The condition that exists in a space on completion of an atmosphere exchange, using nitrogen or
inert gas (IG) from an IGG. The atmosphere is then unable to support life or sustain a fire/explosion.

lnerting: Exchanging a gaseous atmosphere in an enclosed space or tank, using nitrogen or inert gas (IG)
from an IGG, either by forced displacement or mixing.

ISM Code: The purpose of this code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and
operation of ships and for pollution prevention, the objectives of which ensure safety at sea, prevention of
human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment and to property.

128 129
 1

Glossary LD: Low Demand, as used to describe the LD Compressors, ie compressors designed for a lower volumetric
throughput, but usually capable of higher discharge pressures.
BOG: Boil-off Gas. This is due to natural evaporation. lt is controlled within the cargo tanks to maintain safe
cargo tank pressure. LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas.

CCR: Cargo Control Room. The focal point for the control of cargo operations. LNGC: LNG Carrier.

Class: A general term for a Classification Society, for example, Lloyds or DNV. mbar: A unit of pressure equal to one-thousandth of a bar. A bar is a unit of pressure equal to
105 Newton/m3, or approximately equal to one atmosphere (1,000 mbar+).
Compressor: High duty compressors are used for the return and circulation of vapour. Low duty
compressors are used for vapour supply to gas burning equipment. mbarA (Absolute): Pressure expressed in terms of mbar as measured from absolute zero pressure.

CTMS: Cargo Transfer and Measurement System. An approved/certificated means by which the quantity PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.
of carqo on board can be determined. System components comprise of, cargo tank level gauging system
(Radar or Trans-sonics), trim/list indicator, vapour pressure measurement system, cargo temperature sensors Purge: ln the context of this publication, a term used to describe any operation that involves replacing one
and an input/output box for the communication interfaces. The system is sometimes referred to as the CTS medium with another in a controlled manner and to prescribed limits, ie hydrocarbon gas with IG, or IG with
(cargo transfer system). · air, etc.
>'!'--"

CTS: Custody Transfer Surveys. Performed and the opening and closing of transfer operations. Relief: ln the context of this publication, a term used to describe a device or system for controlled pressure
release from an enclosed space or vessel.
ER: Engine Room. •

:; ' .... RGB: Return Gas Blower. Usually part of the shore installation used for returning pressurised gas to the
•· .. · - ·.
ESD: Ernerqency Shut Down system. LNGC,to replace the liquid volume discharged.
'.- . : .
~
.
.' .-\
'
• Flammable Range: 'A mixture of LNG vapour and air cannot be ignited and burned unless its composition Saturation Temperature: The temperature at which a liquid mass starts to change state into vapour.
lies within a range of gas in air concentrations known as the flammable range. The lower limit of this
range, known as the lower flammable limit (LFL), is that LNG vapour concentration below which there is SMS: Safety Management System. The rules and regulations (electronic or hard copy) as prescribed and
insufficient LNG vapour to support and propagate combustion. The upper limit of the range, known as kept updated by the operators, for the safe manning and operation of their ships under the ISM Code.
the upper flammable limit (UFL), is that LNG vapour concentration above which there is insufficient air to
support and propagaté combustion. SMT: Ship's Management Team. A committee usually chaired by the ship's Master, comprising of
department heads and associated supervisors.
Gas Heater: These are used to heat BOG to be used as fuel gas during a voyage.
SVP: Saturated Vapour Pressure is the pressure of a vapor when it is in equilibrium with the liquid phase.
GCU: Gas Combustion Unit.

GTT: Gaztransport & Technigaz. Manufacturers of membrane type gas carriers.

HD: High Demand, as used to describe the HD compressors, ie compressors designed with the capability of
a large volumetric throughput.

Heel: A quantity of LNG remaining on the ship after discharge.

Heel Ageing: ln this context, a term used to describe the process whereby the light factions contained in a
liquid mass evaporate, leaving behind the heavier ends.

IG: Inert gas is added to an LNG vapour/air mixture in the cargo system to prevent an atmosphere that is
sufficient for combustion.

IG Plant: Inert Gas generating plant.

IHI: Inner Hull Inspection.

lnerted: The condition that exists in a space on completion of an atmosphere exchange, using nitrogen or
inert gas (IG) from an IGG. The atmosphere is then unable to support life or sustain a fire/explosion.

lnerting: Exchanging a gaseous atmosphere in an enclosed space or tank, using nitrogen or inert gas (IG)
from an IGG, either by forced displacement or mixing.

ISM Code: The purpose of this code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and
operation of ships and for pollution prevention, the objectives of which ensure safety at sea, prevention of
human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment and to property.

128 129