Lesson – 3 Solve Problem
Involving Direct Proportion,
Indirect Proportion and
Partitive Proportion
Expectations:
Define and describe various kinds of proportions.
Identifying the appropriate proportion applicable to a certain situation.
Solve problem using the concept of proportion.
Question:
How do you solve problems involving direct, indirect and partitive
proportion?
Explanatory Activity:
A. Direct Proportion:
Direct proportion states that when one value increases, the other also
increases, if one value decreases the other value also decreases.
Application:
Problem 1:
A car travels 560 km in 4 days. At this rate, how far will it travel in 15
days?
km
Ratio: days
set a proportion
560 k
Solution: 4
= 15
cross-multiplication
4 x (k) = 560 x 15
4k = 8400
8400
k= 4
k = 2100
Answer: The car traveled 2100 km in 15 days.
B. Indirect Proportion:
In an Indirect proportion, if one term increases the other term
decreases.
Remember class in a proportion were talking about terms. Consider the
proportion given.
Example:
1 st 2 4 3 rd
2nd 3
= 6 4 th
Application:
Problem 2:
If 20 cm men build a house in 30 days, how many men can do the
same job in 24 days?
First set Set a Invert or inter
change 2nd and 4th
of ratio proportion
term
men 20 M
days 30 24
Solution:
20 M
24
= 30
24 x (M) = 20 x 30
24M = 600
600
M = 24 by transposition
M = 25
Answer: 25 men can do the same job in 24 days.
C. Partitive Proportion:
Partitive proportion involves identifying parts of a whole based on a
given ratio. It divided the number according to the given ratio.
Application:
Problem 3:
Three numbers are in the ratio of 2; 3; 5. If the sum of the numbers is
180, what are the numbers?
Solution: First add the ratios
ADD: 2 + 3 + 5 = 10
DIVIDE: 180 ÷ 10 = 18
MULTIPLY: 18 x 2 = 36 1st number
18 x 3 = 54 2nd number
18 X 5 = 90 3rd number
Answer: The three numbers are 36, 54, and 90 are the sum of the number
36 + 54 + 90 = 180
RECAP
Types of Proportion:
1. Direct Proportion – If one term increase the other term are increases
and vice versa.
2. Indirect Proportion – If one term increases the other term decreases.
3. Partitive Proportion – It divides the number according to the given
ratios.
Practice Exercises:
Read, understand and solve the problems.
1. A trencher digs 9 m in 5 hours. How long it takes to dig 30 m?
Solution: _________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________
2. If three boxes of pizza cost ₱1425, how much will 8 boxes of pizza cost?
Solution: _________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________
3. Divide 420 books among 3 rooms in the ratio 1; 2; 4?
Solution: _________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________
4. How much prize will each winner get if a cash prize of ₱100,000 will
have to be divided in the ratio 5; 2; 3?
Solution: _________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________
5. It takes 30 days for 150 persons to make a survey. If the survey must be
completed in 20 days, how many persons will be needed?
Solution: _________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________
WORK SHEET: Date: ___________
Name: ________________________________ Score: ___________
A. Direction: Find the value of X using the type of proportion indicated.
1. X;4 = 8;12 (Direct Proportion)
2. 12; X = 6;11 (Indirect Proportion)
3. 10;7 = X; 21 (Indirect Proportion)
4. 15; 8 = 5; X (Indirect Proportion)
5. 45; 12 = X; 36 (Direct Proportion)
6. 21; X = 15; 45 (Direct Proportion)
7. 18; 5 = X; 30 (Indirect Proportion)
8. 2X;14 = 15; 2 (Direct Proportion)
9.3; 3X = 25; 45 (Direct Proportion)
10. 12; 5X = 27; 65 (Indirect Proportion)
B. Direction: Solve and write the complete solution to the following
problem:
1. Angelo cut string 63 meters long into 3 pieces in the ratio 2; 3; 4. How
long was the longest piece?
2. A father wants to give ₱180,000 to his three children in the ratio of 2; 3;
4. How much will each of the three children receive?
3.The salary of two workers is in the ratio 3; 5. If they received a total of
₱18,000, how much did each worker receive?
4. John plans to donate his collection of 1 890 books to four libraries in the
ratio of 1; 3; 5; 6. How many books will each li8brary get?
5. The ratio of the angles of a triangle is 2; 3; 4. What is the measure of
each angle, knowing that the sum of the measures of all the angles of the
triangle is 180?
