Professional Documents
Culture Documents
USA Familiarization
- Weather
- Time Zones. March until November we are CTS and December till February EST
Alaska and Hawai have two different times zones.
Timaanddate.com website that helps finding out date and time.
- Holidays
Produce Season:
No delay in regards of the weather, everybody takes that into advantage to try to ship everything.
As much as possible.
Carriers capacity very very tight. Trucks available will be expensive to take advantage of
availability, bit higher prices than the usual
ZIP Codes
5 digits, very very important. Where must go, where must be picked up and delivered?
- First digit represents States.
- Second and Third Regions within the state. SCF: Sectional Center Facility
- The fourth and fifth: more specific areas like post offices and postal delivery zones a city
-
ZIP +4 Extra for more specific locations. Domestic transportation, not for large companies
- Rural Areas
- Conjuntos residencies, towers, and more.
BOL: Bill of Lading Legally binding document, important information about the cargo.
Without the document the cargo won’t be released, shipper must
know everything. All information must be updated at all time.
Inspection! Proof of delivery must be signed!
Even if there are damaged items everything must be signed.
Ocean Transportation
Bulky Goods: Not necessary to be packaged. Sand, rocks, metal … etc.
Vessel, cargo secured, ship wide amounts, cost effective, no restrictions as air
transportation.
Perishables are no good for this type of transport. Fruits and Flowers are
restricted.
Port taxes if taxes are not paid container won’t be able to leave the port. And
every day charges a fee.
Tracking system, coordinates.
Environmental advantages consume less fuel than planes.
Weather conditions are more dangerous at the ocean.
Freight Forwarders, in charge of filling documents to transport international
Ocean.
LCL: Less than Container Load. For OCEAN, AIR ANR RAIL.
LTL: Less than Truck Load. For Truck only.
Air Transportation
High Speed, Very Costly
Allows transportation of perishable goods. Airlines have several dimensions and
product restrictions.
Reduced Damage risk, considering that it is in the Air.
Ease to Access, Smaller Capacity
Airplanes, Aircraft: Airplanes are not designed to transfer cargo.
Reduced lead time on supplier
Pallets have specific restrictions for air transportation and cannot exceed it.
Rail Transportation
Low costs, large transport capacity, it is more used for national transport
Slow
Doesn´t get that affected by climate or weather inconveniences
Operators timetable in charge of dispatching trains.
Ocean, Air and Rail will always need a Truck to pick up the cargo and complement to reach the
destination. Always needed to pick up and deliver between other methods of transportation.
Road Transportation
Good for short distances and perishable goods. Fast delivery and cost effective
Easy to track, and communicate with driver
Subject to traffic conditions, weather or other inconveniences.
Possible damage, accidents.
Driving regulations restrictions that can get on the way. Drivers hours of service.
Door to door services, able to arrive at the facility or the exact point of delivery.
PACKAGING CARGO
Cartons CTN
Crates CRT: Fragile items, Wine, Glass, even motorcycles.
Drums: Transport liquids
Reels and Rolls: wires, cables, hoses
Bulk Bags: Sands, Cereals…
Totes: Suitable for Hazmat
Pails: Paint, Glue,
Gaylord: Big box, doesn’t need to be string raped
TRUCKS
“: Inches
‘: Feet
Most common Truck 53”
226 to 30 pallets capable to be loaded
44.000 lbs refuse to transfer more that this capacity worn-out
Doors:
- Roll Up Door 94” x 104” careful with the size of the load.
- Swing Door 98” x 110”
How to know about it? TMS will show all the information to be verified, swing door or roll door
Removable Gooseneck
- Heavy Machinery
- Is not a Flat bed.
CURTAIN SIDE:
- Only sides are removable, nor roof or back.
- 44,000 lbs
PUP-TRAILER
- Capacity per trailer
- Swing doors or roll up doors.
- 22,000 lbs, 28 feet.
- Used more by regular carriers.
STRAIGHT TRUCK: Cannot deattach the trailer from the truck except the flatbed
- Used for residential areas, smaller suitable for those areas.
- Available Lift Gate and Refrigeration
- Can have a Swing Door or a Roller
TO WEIGHT A TRUCK IT MUST BE CERTIFIED, not all shippers have one in that case you
can go to a CAT scale, whenever needed.
Scale ticket will be received and confirm there is no overweight. If it is overweight must go back
to get reworked. Reweight and reworked as much as needed.
- Steer Axle: must be 12,000 lbs
- Drive Axle: must be 34.000 lbs
- Trailer Axle: must be 34,000 lbs
- Gross weight: must be 80,000 lbs
Review page 30 on logistics to know the exact weight.
Overweight gross? Or one of the axles? Copy Of the overweight please….
What is your current location and ETA back to the shippers?
ETA: Estimated time of Arrival whenever they are not able to slice some weight tandems
- Educate driver to call you back, treat them as if it was a teamwork. Always offer help.
DRIVERS HOURS
SOLO DRIVER:
11 HOURS DRIVING, MUST HAVE A BREAK OF 30 MIN, 14 HOURS (3 HOURS NOT
RELATED TO DRIVE)
- Driving
- On Duty/ loading or off loading
- Off Duty / sleeper berth
- 14hr shift
- Break/ lunch or nap (taken as off duty)
DOT BREAK: 10 hours resting, just resting. They cannot do anything job related.
Minimum 30 min, up to 1 hour. Before reaching the 8 hours marks
There are exceptions whenever run out of hours and not able to reach a truck stop.
TEAM DRIVERS:
- Time sensitive orders
- More Expensive
- For perishables, or important cargo to be delivered immediately.
- While one rests the other one can drive, they can sleep inside the trucks.
ELD: Electronic Logging Device
To count driver’s time, smartphones used as well.
Shourt-Haul (115.8 miles whitin): Short distances, same city e.g.
Non CDL: commercial driver licence, they do not transport freight or cargo.
CARRIERS
COMMON CARRIER
- Bigger coverage in the country
- Public companies fobligated to serve.
- Annual contracts, great discounts
- Prefer LTL and Volume modalities
- They deal with 3PL companies.
PRIVATE CARRIER
- Private companies
- Limited coverage
- They select their customers, not obligated to serve.
- Able to negotiate their rates and sign rate agreements.
- Normally prefer FTL and Partial modalities
- They deal with broker’s companies.
OWNER OPERATORS
- Owns its own truck.
- Freelancer
OTR: OVER THE ROAD MODALITY
PARTIAL: Even though the truck is not full they are going to pay for the empty space
- No able to consolidate if not agreed.
- Offer discount if freight class is the same, when asking if for consolidation. Carrier will
let you know if that consolidation exists, customer is the one that decides. If yes, great for
discount. If not, well then no.
Up to 2 customers when it comes to Partial no more. (Alcohol treated as Hazmat)
Consolidation is done in nearby areas, not that far away. Normally same city.
- Fuel, Distance, Weight are the considerations when it comes of prices for Partial
modalities.
Normally refuses to consolidate since they have the money. 3PL normally consolidate
automatically.
Partial and Volume: Private and Common.
Quote for Partial can be applied for several orders since it is calculated for distance and quantity.
Quotes for Volume is only calculated for one shipment. Different handling depending on the
cargo and freight class. Quotation: Cotización
Common Carriers can offer Dedicated, but it is way too expensive, better to try Partial when this
happens.
YARD:
- Can be owned by Carriers, Private or Common
- Common can rent yards to Private carriers for emergencies.
- Can drop off trailer at the yard and give the process to another truck.
- Security with Trailer Drop offs
- Cannot rest, cannot eat.
- Only for work related activities.
TRUCK STOP:
- Place to rest and Eat.
- Minimum maintenance to the Truck, not to deal with mechanical issues.
- There is no Security with Trailer Drop offs
- Only for non-work-related activities
BILL OF LADING:
- Receipt of Freight services
- Driver and Carrier all the details
Names and Addresses
Special Instructions
Dates
Description of Items
Packaging Types
National Motor Freight Classification. NMFC.
- Does not have prices on it.
- Actual cost of the goods supported by a certified copy of the original invoice.
- The cost of replacement or repair of lost or damage
- $100,000 shipment
- Carrier’s responsibility always
FREIGHT DEPARTMENTS
QUOTING: Gets rates for the customer. Identify the best modality or service to meet customer’s
needs.
DISPATCH: Contact shippers and receivers. Issue BOL. Schedule Pus. Obtain PROS
CUSTOMER SERVICE: Track and Trace. Follow up In Transit.
ACCOUNTING: Document Retrieval, Accounts Payable or Accounts Receivable
Email Etiquette:
- Customer Service is important because it show the professionalism and the care placed
into the customers that business is done with.
- Self-Control
Positive Attitude
Taking Responsibility
Assertiveness
Email Format: Email is not the LEANSTAFFING. Each company has its own email.
- Subject
- Greeting, Salutation
- Body of the email
Main part of the email focus of the email.
Clear, practical. Name, subject,
- Closing
- Signature
Without signature, might seem suspicious.
Customer Service:
Not at a point of hospitality. Not Dear, nor best wishes, nor sincerely yours.
After good morning, straight to the point.
Best Regards, Kind regards, if you have any questions etc…
Tell the truth. They know how it works. Is something happened, hours or something else
happened with the driver LET THEM KNOW.
Use the TMS as much as possible.
Call a Driver frequently, but if its not important do no call less than an hour ago.
- BILL OF LADING Contains main information about the freight, cargo, addresses,
names, destination. Between Carrier and the Shipper.
There is no Customers name unless it is a shipper or consignee. If customer is not
manufacturer the name will be the company manufacturing the goods.
Middleman, between Carrier and Customer.
Third Party Freight charges bill to: Our company’s name.
- RATE AGREEMENT
- SCALE TICKETS Weight tickets from a scale certified.
- LAYOVER: Hours that the driver was there waiting. Flat rate, there is no charge per hour.
(e.g., $250) Being on time, doing job. Layover and detention for too many hours…
Tonu, Detention and Layover cannot be paid with TCHECK OR COMCHECK
LUMPER:
- Charge for third party workers. Warehouse workers reimbursed for shippers or freight
brokers. Ask for LUMPER Receipt always!!
- Can be paid electronically.
DRIVER ASSIST:
FUEL ADVANCE
TEAM DRIVERS
DROP TRAILER: Drops off something without driver being present. Floor loaded? Not
palletized.
HAZMAT SERVICE
Blind Shipments require multiple BOLs. Two BOLs are created one for the shipper one for the
consignee.
Double Blind: Neither the shipper and consignee know where the shipment is coming and
arriving to. (Not illegal)
Shipper only one blind: Dummy and original information
BOL, Blind one will go for shipper and Original for invoices.
Three BOLs will be need it if there is a double blind.
The Carrier will switch the BOLs when the shipment is in TRANSIT.
(Blind shipment, resale.)
2. 16 HOURS EXCEPTION:
- 16 Hours to the shift
- Local Driver
- Terminal nearby
- Exception 1 per week!!!
3. Personal Conveyance
- Truck to do personal errands. Personal life.
- Must be unladen, not pulling a loaded trailer.
- Cannot be performing work related activities.
4. Yard Move
- ELD Mandate, driving done in a limited access lot or yard can be performed in On Duty
status. (rather than Driving status.)
PENALTIES:
- Shutdown:
- Assess Fines
- FMCSA Penalties from $1.000 to 11.000 (carrier411, to review carrier’s reputation)
- Downgraded for pattern violations.
- Federal criminal penalties
SOLO DRIVERS
- Need to take his DOT Break.
- Truck will be stop during the break.
- Orders without due dates or with long lead times
TEAM DRIVERS
- Nonstop.
- 2 Drivers, 1 Truck
- Time sensitive orders
Appointment Setting:
- Identify Pick Up and Delivery Information = Tendered
Appointment confirmation Number if required.
Very careful when we are scheduling appointment.
Schedule appointments depending on the importance of the cargo, food, medicines, etc.
Prioritize the cargo that needs to be dispatched immediately.
- A dispatcher cannot dispatch without an appointment set up and a driver assigned to it.
Specific hours
First come, first served.
- Organize their day to set up the appointments.
Understand type of facility, specific or FC/FS.
TENDERED (Load status): Load that came without appointment, pick up or delivery
one.
EDI: Electronic Data Interchange
Connect systems through EDI to receive all the information right away. Useful for
customers that handle a lot of cargo.
Numbers to identify the cargo for pick up: Every Facility has its own ID number.
TMS ID or LOAD NUMBER: Identify the shipment on TMS.
ORDER NUMBER: Given by the shipper
PO NUMBER: Purchase number, good identifying cargo
BOL NUMBER: Sometimes BOL NUMBER and TMS are the same Number. Shipper has a
copy of BOL so they can compare both.
PICK UP PROCESSES
FTL TRACKING
- Prevent over-calling.
- Be sure to review the load prior to making your tracking calls.
- Careful about precons
Parties involved:
- Customer
- Sales Representative (Middlemen when reporting inconvenience to customer)
- Track and Trace Agent, not able to talk directly to customer.
- Carrier Representative finds carriers to cover loads. Books the load, sends rates,
dispatches trucks, and solve daily operational issues.
- Carrier
Pulling into the receiver: Same questions when loading and unloading. How many drivers are
ahead of you?
Checked in at receiver.
Tracking could be: (Advise, always try to reach the driver first.)
- Over the phone
- Email updates
A soon as truck is loaded you can ask for an ETA time for delivery.
IN TRANSIT:
- Make check calls at regular intervals!
- Double check delivery address
- Ask for delivery ETA.
- Make a final call at least 1 hour before the delivery time to confirm it is all good.
TRACKING OF DELIVERIES:
- Truck on site, call on intervals to make sure there are no issues.
- If truck is unloaded get in and out times.
BOL: Ownership document, shipper is giving away the property of the cargo or freight, to be
dispatched to the receiver.
- Distribution center BOL will be asked.
- No distribution center will only ask for PU#. Pickup number
Dispatcher calls: are done quick. Only driver’s info (Driver’s number to be asked if we do not
have it) to be asked and general info as well.
Driver’s Calls: More detailed information, ask more questions. Driver will not lie to you.
Dispatchers normally will not give Driver’s info, so call the Carrier. Carriers handle more info.
10-10 min to call the drivers if not, call the dispatcher.