Unit 2: Pump

Shaft A revolving rod that transmits motion or power

Casing The housing or outer cover of the pump
Diaphragm A positive displacement pump that uses a rubber, thermoplastic or Teflon diaphragm
pump and suitable valves on either side of it to move fluids.
External gear A positive displacement pump that uses two identical gears rotating against each
pump other to move fluids.
Cavitation The sudden formation and collapse of low-pressure vapor (bubbles) across the vanes
of the impeller. When the surface pressure on a liquid becomes low enough, the
liquid will begin to boil (even at room temperature).
eye
the center of the impeller where the fluid enters

Unit 3: Fridge

Container The plastic or metal body of a fridge with insulation units to prevent ouside heat
entering the fridge
Thermostat A device that measures the temperature in the fridge
Compressor A component that is cable-linked to the thermostat/ device for increasing the
refrigerant pressure
Heat A group of tubes where heat is exchanged to the outside or inside of the fridge
exchanger
( evaporator/
condenser)
Throttling A very small tube that connect the evaporator and condenser units
device- van
điều tiết
Refrigerant A working fluid that help tranfers heat into and out of the fridge / absorb and
transport heat for cooling
condenser A heat exchanger in which the refrigerant vapor changes back into liquid
Expansion A device that rapidly reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, allowing it to cool
valve quickly before entering the evaporator
Evaporation The stage at which the refrigerant expands and cools
Thermal The condition under which two substances in physical contact with each other
equilibrium exchange no heat energy
Desiccant A type of heat exchanger with a coating applied for the sole purpose of
wheel dehumidifying or drying the air stream
Latent heat Energy absorbed or released by a substance during a phase transition that occurs
without changing its temperature
 Insulation The blocking or retardation of the flow of electricity or heat

Unit 4: Car

Cooling A set of components that removes heat from the engine , to help keep the engine at
system proper working temperature
Braking
system A set of components that reduces the vehicle's speed, eventually to a halt,
and keep it in place while parked
Suspension
system A set of component that joins the wheels to the vehicle's body while reducing
shocks caused by the road's unevenness and improving the hold on the road
Transmission A set of components that transmit the motion produced by the engine to the wheels
system
Fuel supply
system A set of components stores fuel for present use and deliver it
Steering Directs the front wheels to guide the vehicle as it moves
system The mechanism that permits the driver to change vehicle direction by turning a
wheel inside the vehicle.
Electrical Supplies the necessary current for starting the vehicle and operating its electric
system accessories
Engine Converts fuel energy into mechanical energy
An instrument that converts fuel energy into mechanical energy
Exhaust Carries the burned gas from the engine out into the atmosphere
system A set of components that carries the burned gas from the engine out into the
atmosphere
Steering A wheel turned by the driver of a motor vehicle when he or she wishes to change
wheel direction
Digital gauges An instrument that registers the quantity of a substance in electronic read-outs
Center A control panel located directly ahead of a vehicle's drive , displaying
console instrumentation and controls for the drivers and operation
Bolster A part of the car seat providing structural support, reducing friction and providing
comport for the drivers and passengers
Footrest A non- moving piece of rubber or metal that the driver is supposed to rest his or her
left foot on when driving, often called the dead pedal
Turbocharged The type of engine with a device that uses recycled exhaust gases to increase
power
Cup holder A plastic device in the car for holding drinking containers.
Air bag The system is designed as a supplemental restraint. In the case of an accident it will
system deploy a bag from the steering wheel or passenger side dash panel to provide
additional protection against head and face injuries
Air A device used for the automatic control of the temperature, humidity, cleanness,
conditioner and movement of air in a given space
Car-based A part of the car seat providing structural support, reducing friction and providing
massage seat comfort for the drivers and passengers
Drum brake A type of brake in which stopping friction is created by shoes pressing against the
 inside of the rotating drum.
Disc brake A type of brake that provides a means of slowing or stopping a vehicle using
hydraulic pressure to apply pads against a rotor.
Anti-lock A type of braking system that senses the speed of each wheel and, in conjunction
brake with a computer, controls the hydraulic braking pressure, thereby eliminating wheel
lockup
emission Unwanted, harmful chemicals and chemical compounds that are released into the
atmosphere from a vehicle, especially from the tailpipe, crankcase, and fuel tank
including unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxides of nitrogen, particulates, and
sulfur
Fuel system The system that delivers fuel to the cylinders, consisting of a fuel tank and
lines, gauge, fuel pump, carburetor or injectors, and intake manifold or fuel
rail.
Glove A small, enclosed storage area in the front passenger compartment of a mai vehicle
compartment
headlight A powerful light at the front of a motor vehicle or railroad engine
hubcap A wheel covering
hybrid 1. A vehicle having two separate propulsion systems, such as a gasoline engine and
an electric motor. 2. A vehicle having its major components from more than one
source, such as a Ford engine in a Chevrolet chassis.
Ignition The major components, such as the battery, coil, ignition switch, distributor, stem
system high-tension wiring, and spark plugs that provide the right spark at the right time to
ignite the air/fuel mixture
Oil filter A component, located near the oil pump, that removes abrasive particles from the
motor oil by a straining process as the oil circulates through the lubrication system
Oil pan A removable part of the engine that contains the oil supply.

Unit 5: Engine

Turbojet A jet engine in which the jet gases also operate a turbine-driven compressor for
compressing the air drawn into the engine
Coolant a substance, typically liquid or gas, that is used to reduce or regulate the
temperature of a system
Radiator Part of cooling system used to transfer unnecessary heat to the surrounding
Fin A flattened projection on a device used to increase heat transfer
Reed valve a type of check valve which restrict the flow of fluids to a single direction, opening
and closing under changing pressure on each face
Check valve One-way valve
Cooling a passage that allows the coolant to bypass the radiator and return directly back to
passage the engine
Bearing a device that is used to reduce friction between moving parts of machine elements
Flywheel A part used to increase the machine's momentum
Camshaft a shaft with one or more cams attached to it, especially one operating the valves in
an internal combustion engine
Spark plug Device that is used to ignite air and fuel mixture in
gasoline type of heat engine, specifically an internal combustion, that is powered by gasoline
 engine
Valve spring A part keeping the valve closed tightly
Knocking Phenomenon in spark ignition internal combustion engines occurring when
combustion the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of
the flame front ignited by the spark plug.
External Engines in which combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine
combustion
engine
Internal Engines in which combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine
combustion
engine
Glow plug an electrically heated wire that heats the combustion chambers and raises the air
temperature when the engine is cold so that the engine can start.
Crankshaft The part of the engine which helps to convert linear movement of the piston into
rotary movement.

Unit 6 Materials

Fatigue: the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads, the progressive and
localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic/repeated loading.
Compressive strength: The resistance of material to breaking under
Compression: the application of balanced inward ("pushing") forces to different points on a
material or structure, that is, forces with no net sum or torque directed so as to reduce its size in
one or more directions
Elasticity: Ability to return to its original shape when a force is removed - TÍNH CO GIÃN
Pig iron Is very hard and brittle, can be produced into steel and cast iron
White cast iron: Is produced when molten iron is cooled rapidly
Grey cast iron: Is formed when molten iron is cooled slowly as carbon is dissociated from the iron
Plain carbon steel: Are alloys of iron and carbon only
Brass: An alloy of copper and up to 40% of zinc
Bronze: To ensure nonporous casting , tin, zinc is added into copper to make an alloy of copper
Aluminum: Extracting the bauxite ore by applying electrolysis production method
White metal: Alloy which is made up primarily of lead and tins

Unit 7
 Blast furnace a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals,
generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper
Refractory a block of refractory ceramic material used in lining furnaces, kilns, fireboxes, and
brick fireplaces. It is built primarily to withstand high temperature, but will also usually
have a low thermal conductivity for greater energy efficiency - GẠCH CHỊU NHIỆT
Slag notch An indentation or incision on the edge of the blast furnace for slag to escape
Lode deposits a vein of metal ore in the earth - KHOÁNG SÀNG MẠCH
Smelter An installation for smelting a metal from its ore - LÒ LUYỆN
Agitation the action of briskly stirring or disturbing something, especially a liquid
Ladle a vessel for transporting molten metal in a foundry
Steel stack are produced both in carbon or stainless steel and in heights from 6 to 150 m
Preheated air is a type of air that has undergone heating prior to another process, like combustion
in boilers.
Liquid iron / It is the hot, liquid, metallic iron product obtained upon reduction of iron ore
hot metal
Muck Ore is mined from lode deposits gradually reduce the size of the ore
machine
A long-hole air A crusher and a mill by drilling and blasting
drill
Bar-shaped A much machine is used to transfer the ore to cars headed to the main shaft forming
molds pieces containing both zinc and gold
settling tanks A chemical reaction between the cyanide and the gold trapped in ore is set off by
oxygen making the gold dissolve and leach into the surrounding water before being
transferred to an agitation tank with air being blown in
Diamond drill A water and cyanide solution is added which is then separated from the solids by
cores drum fillers
Agitation tank The pulp flows into large settling tanks, where wet solids sink to the bottom and
then above ground to the mill
Gold bar Gold is cast into gold bars using bar-shaped molds in order to separated from the
impurities while smelling

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