Assignment

Name Muhammad Ali

Id no 12249
Teacher Muhammad Asad
Subject OOP

Write is the difference between inheritance and polymorphism? Explain with C++
examples.
Answer
Inheritance
 It is a part of object oriented programming paradigm.
 It can be implemented in C++, Java, Python, and other object oriented
programming languages.
 It is the method in which a new class is created that can take and use the
properties of an already existing class.
 The already existing class is known as ‘parent/base class’ and the class that
uses this class is known as ‘child/derived class’.
 It helps reuse the code.
 It reduces the size of the code while implementing object oriented
programming.
 Types of inheritance −
o Single inheritance
o Multi-level inheritance
o Multiple inheritance
o Hybrid inheritance
o Hierarchical inheritance
 It can be used in pattern design.
Example
class base_class:
def __init__(self, f_name, l_name):
self.firstname = f_name
self.lastname = l_name
def print_it(self):
print(self.firstname, self.lastname)
print("An instance of 'base_class' is created")
my_instance = base_class("John", "Will")
print("A method 'print_it' is being called using the created instance")
my_instance.print_it()

Output
An instance of 'base_class' is created
A method 'print_it' is being called using the created instance
John Will

Polymorphism
‘Poly’ means multiple and ‘morph’ means forms.

It is a part of object oriented programming paradigm.

It can be implemented in C++, Java, Python, and other object oriented

programming languages.
Hence, polymorphism refers to the method of performing a specific task in
multiple ways.

This can be used while using functions.

It allows the object of the class to decide which form it has to take to work
with methods and attributes of the class.

Types of polymorphism −

Compile-time polymorphism- It is also known as method overloading.

Run-time polymorphism- It is also known as method overriding.

It can be used in pattern design.

Example
def add_vals(val_1, val_2, val_3 = 1):
my_result = val_1 + val_2 + val_3
return my_result

print("The method is being called by passing two parameters")

print(add_vals(7, 9))
print("The method is being called by passing three parameters")
print(add_vals(11, 23, 45))
 Output
The method is being called by passing two parameters
17
The method is being called by passing three parameters
79

Difference Between Inheritance and Polymorphism

Inheritance allows, code reusability and the polymorphism is, the occurrence of
one function with different form. The basic difference between inheritance and
polymorphism is that inheritance allows the already existing code to be reused
again in a program, and polymorphism provides a mechanism to dynamically
decide what form of a function to be invoked.

Basic

Inheritance is creating a new class Polymorphism is basically a common

using the properties of the already interface for multiple form.
existing class.

Implementation

Inheritance is basically implemented Polymorphism is basically

on classes. implemented on function/methods.
Use

To support the concept of reusability Allows object to decide which form of

in OOP and reduces the length of code. the function to be invoked when, at
compile time(overloading) as well as
run time(overriding).

Forms

Inheritance may be a single Polymorphism may be a compile time

inheritance, multiple inheritance, polymorphism (overloading) or run-
multilevel inheritance, hierarchical time p
inheritance and hybrid inheritance.

Categories

Inheritance can be divided into single- Polymorphism can be divided into

level, multi-level, hierarchical, hybrid, overloading and overriding.

and multiple inheritance.olymorphism

(overriding).

Example

The class 'table' can inherit the feature The class 'study_table' can also have
of the class 'furniture', as a 'table' is a function 'set_color()' and a class
'furniture'. 'Dining_table' can also have function
'set_color()' so, which form of the
set_color() function to invoke can be
decided at both, compile time and run
time.