THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND BUGINESE LANGUAGE IN SENTNCES

USING ENGLISH SYNTAX

Winalda
Program Studi S1 Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka
E-mail: winaldaEng018.@gmail.com

Abstract
This research aims to determine the differences of sentence patterns in English and
Bugis and the research approach used is qualitative, where the contrastive analysis
method is chosen as a research method in comparing and analyzing sentence patterns of
the two languages. From the analysis, it is known that the differences of the language
are: (1) the English and Bugis languages have the different in sentence pattern, (2) both
languages have the same elements to construct. a sentence (S + V + O). This study also
aims to describe syntactic forms in the use of Buginese language. Purposive sampling
was used to select a sample consisting of two native-bugis residing in North Kolaka
who spoke the Buginese language. Then it is hoped that these findings can predict the
disturbance that will occur during the interview with English as the target language and
those who speak Bugis as their mother tongue. Furthermore, it is suggested that further
researchers be able to study the Bugis language in different settings, such as analysis of
morphology, syntax, and semantics.
Keywords: analysis, Buginese, English, Syntax

INTRODUCATION parts of Enrekang, Majene, and

The term ‘syntax’ has been
defined by many linguists. Syntax is
from a Greek word meaning order or
arrangement. Syntax is deals with the
relation of words to each other as
component parts of a sentence, and with
their proper arrangement to express
clearly the intended meaning. Lombardi
in Ba’dulu, M (1989:2)
The Bugis language is one of the
Austronesian language families used by
the Bugis tribe. The language is widely
spoken in South Sulawesi, especially
Maros, Pangkep, Barru, Majene, Luwu,
Sidenreng Rappang, Soppeng, Wajo,
Bone, Sinjai, Pinrang, Parepare City and
Bulukumba Regencies.
The Bugis language consists of
several dialects. Like the Pinrang dialect
which is similar to the Sidrap dialect.
Bone dialect (which differs between
north and south Bone). Soppeng dialect.
The Wajo dialect (also differs between
northern and southern, and eastern and
western Wajo). Barru dialect, Sinjai
dialect and so on.
It is believed that language has an
essential role in the world because
everybody uses it to communicate with
others. It is used to deliver meanings,
feelings, and desires from someone to
others. Language belonged to a product
of a culture that was made, used, and
spread out all over the world. Every
 region or country has its own culture
and language. Thus, one language to
another language might be different and
also similar. In learning English as a
second or foreign language, the learners
tend to transfer their language to the
foreign language, as Lado (1962)
explained that individuals tend to
transfer the forms and meanings of their
native language and culture to the
foreign language and culture whereas
every language has the linguistic
features that built the language itself,
such as sentence pattern. Regard to the
phenomenon above, the contrastive
study was chosen to be conducted to
analyze the differences and the
similarities of two languages.
Contrastive analysis has caught the
attention of some scholars to conduct
studies in various setting such as
English and Spanish postnuclear
patterns Veliz( 2001:105-131).
DISSUCION
1. Basic concept of Analysis
Technique of data analysis is based
on the data collection from library
research. The writer used two techniques
in analyzing the data are contrastive
analysis and descriptive analysis. The
writer compared the English and
Buginese Basic Sentence Patterns to find
the differences and similarities, then the
writer analyzed the descriptively in
English and Buginese Basic Sentence
Patterns.
Meanwhile, Prawono (1996)
proposes that contrastive analysis theory
assume that difficulty in learning
language basically caused by the different
between student's first language system
with second language that is studied.
Therefore, contrastive analysis attempt to
contrast the second language system to
find similarity and the difference. The
same elements of both languages will
facilitates student, while different
elements will hindrance in learning.
Often a contrastive analysis of a
cultural matter that repeatedly causes
cross-cultural misinformation will result
in intellectual understanding of what the
event or matter means to the other people.
Emotional effective realization of what it
represents to them may be difficult or
impossible to achieve- and it need not be
sought. Students can dislike something
yet understand that the other people do
not have the same meaning and feeling.
We do not have to be alike to
communicate with and even appreciate
those who are culturally different (Lado,
1988).
2. Syntax
The term ‘syntax’ has been defined
by many linguists. Syntax is from a
Greek word meaning order or
arrangement. Syntax is deals with the
relation of words to each other as
component parts of a sentence, and
with their proper arrangement to
express clearly the intended
meaning. Lombardi in Ba’dulu.M
(1989:2).
Ricard (1999; 285) who argues that
syntax is that study of words combine to
form sentences and the rules which
govern the formation of sentences.
O'Grady (1996; 184) who argues that
the syntax is the rules and categories
that underlines sentences formulation in
human language.
Crystal in Ba’dulu, M (1980:346)
defines syntax as the study of the rules
governing the way words are combined
to form sentences in a language. In this
use, syntax is opposed to morphology,
the study of word structure. An
alternative definition is the study of the
interrelationships between elements of
sentence structure, and of the rules
governing the arrangement of sentences
in sequences.
Similarly, Fromkin and Rodman in
Ba’dulu, M (1983:200) state that
syntax is the part of our linguistic
knowledge which concerns with the
structure of sentences. Furthermore,
O’Grady and Dobrovolsky in Ba’dulu,
M (1989:126) define syntax as the
system of rules and categories that
allows words to be combined to form
sentences.
Azar (1999: A1-6) states that
Subject, verbs, objects, and adverbs are
the components of basic sentence
patterns. The subject is the person, thing
that does an action. Almost all English
sentences contain a subject (S) and a
verb (V). The verb may or may not be
followed by an object (O).
Verbs that are not followed by an object
are called intransitive verbs.
Syntax functions that consist of
elements SVO, and Adv, be empty
boxes or vacant lot doesn't has anything
meaning because the vacancy. Those
vacant lot will loaded by something that
shaped category and has certain part.
The example in sentence of Bugis
language, “lokka ki manre di bolaku”,
in English can trasfered be " you go to
eat at my house".
The change of position can accepted
in Bugis language. When transfered into
the English the result become “you go
to eat at my home” the sentence cannot
accepted in English grammatical
structure. Mean that although the
composition of Bugis language sentence
acceptable, but in English the
composition cannot. So, the sentence
“pergi kamu makan dirumahku” be
negative transfer or happen syntax
tranfer that has interference.
From the limitations that are
proposed by linguists, we can
conclude that syntax is a part of
grammar that have the character of
word combination become gramatical
unit that larger ones in the form of
phrase, clause, and sentence. On the
other hand syntax is a grammar branch
that talks about sentence structures,
clause, and phrase. Syntax is
concerned with the way words
(strictly, lexicogrammatical-words)
are combined to form sentences.
Syntax deals with the way words
combine to form sentences.
3. Bugis Syntax
From the results of interviews
with some native Bugis. These
findings are in the form of information
about the Buginese language, then
translated into English and English
into the Buginese language.
The discussion is organized into
three parts, namely: (1) the patterns of
Bugis sentences, (2) the differences
between Bugis and English Sentences,
and (3) the problems were Bugis
native speakers faced in learning
English sentences.
3.1 The patterns of Bugis sentences
Based on corpus data obtained
through information and interviews
with native Bugis people. Seems
that the patterns of Bugis sentences
as follows:
Example:
1. Noun phrase
Example:
Lampe’epa gemmeku (my long
hair)
(N= +Det:pos+mod:adj+H:n)
Siswa dongo’ (a stupid student)
(N: ± Det: art + mod: adj: H: n)
Emmaku’ di dare’e (my mother in
the garden)
(N: ± Det: pos + H: n + mod: RA)
Anre marasa (the delicious food)
(N: ±Det: art + mod: adj + H: n)
 Makkundrai (a woman)
(N: ± Det: art + mod: adj + H: n)
2. Verb phrase
Nulle’e bosi (may have rained)
(V= ± mod1: aux1 + mod2: aux2 + H:
V)
Nisseng ma’bicara (can speak)
(V: ± mod: aux + H: V)
3. Adjective phrase
Mapettang ladde (very dark)
(Adj= Int: int + H: adj)
Mageretta la’dde (so handsome)
(adj: Int: int + H: adj)
Nyameppa (very good)
(adj: ± Int: int + H: sdj)
4. Adverb phrase
Lokka di sekolae (to go to school)
(adv= ± Int: int + H: adv)
Di bolae (at home)
(adv: ± Int: int +H: adv)
Magatti’ la’dde (very quickly)
(adv: ± Int: int + H: adv)
Tette’ konnye (still here)
(adv: ± Int: int + H: adv)
Akkatutu la’dde (so carefully)
(adv: ± Int: int + H: adv)
5. Exocentric phrase
Di bolae (in the house)
(RA: + Rel: rel + Axis: n)
Di ase’na kaju-kajungnge (under
the tree)
(RA: ± Rel: rel + Axis: N)
Di bokona sikolangnge (behind the
school)
(RA: ± Rel: rel + Axis: N)
3.2 The differences between Bugis and
English Sentences pattern
The differences between English and
Buginese basic sentence patterns can be
seen in the sentence pattern P+S and
P+O+S.
a. Sentence pattern: P+S
1) English:
There is not sentence pattern P+S of
English sentence structure.
2) Buginese:
Kasi asi puppu tau éro.
P S
(Those people are very poor).
In this structure of the sentence,
adjective phrase as predicate and noun
phrase as subject, so this sentence has
form P+S.
Padangkang ambo’na.
P S
(His father is a seller)
In this structure of the sentence, verb
phrase as predicate followed by noun
phrase as subject. So, this sentence has
form P+S.
Sentence Pattern: P+O+S
1) English:
There is not sentence pattern P+O+S of
English sentence structure.
Int: int + H: adv)
Tette’ konnye (still here)
(adv: ± Int: int + H: adv)
Akkatutu la’dde (so carefully)
(adv: ± Int: int + H: adv)
2). Buginese:
a) Manre i bale meong éro.
P O S
(The cat is eating fish)
In this st ructure of the sentence, verb
phrase as predicate and noun phrase as
object, followed by noun phrase as
subject. So, this sentence has form
P+O+S.
After analysis the data above the writer
found that the different
between the basic sentence in English
and Buginese are the element
sentence formations. In Buginese
language sentence pattern are S+P+O,
this patterns flexible.
Example: Manréi balé meong éro
P O S
Meong éro manré i balé
S P O
It can change into P+O+S and S+V,
V+S without changing its meaning.
While in English sentence pattern is a
permanent, it does not change
pattern.
3.3 The problems were Bugis native
speakers faced in learning
English sentences.
Based on the analysis of the data
from the translation of the Bugis
language to English, it can be seen
that there are differences in
sentence usage, both grammatical
order, sentence formulation,
differences in patterns sentences,
and syntax formulas. This is an
obstacle faced by native Bugis
speakers in learning English
sentences.
The results of the contrastive
analysis in this study can reveal
the differences between Bugis and
English. The differences found in
this study are likely to be of
benefit to all native Buginese who
wish to learn English, especially
English teachers.
CONCLUSSION
Based on the research findings
and discussion, the researcher
puts forward the following
conclusion as follows:
1. According to the formation, all
types of sentences discussed
use 5 phrases. Namely, noun
REFERENCES
1) Moradi, H., & Chen, J. (2018). A
Contrastive Analysis Of Persian And
English Vowels And Consonants.
Lege Artis, 3(2), 105-131
2) Ba’dulu, Abdul Muis. (2005).
English Syntax. Makassar Graduate
Program UNM, (2)
phrase, verb phrase, adjective
phrase, adverb phrase, and
endocentric phrase.
2. The differences between
English and Buginese basic
sentence patterns.
The difference between the
basic sentence in English and
Buginese are the element
sentence formations. In
Buginese language sentence
pattern are S+V+O which can
change into V+O+S, and S+V
which can change into V+S
this patterns are flexible and do
not change its meaning. While
in English.
3. The problems faced by native
speakers of Bugis in learning
English sentences, especially
students, are the differences in
sentence patterns, the
formulation of noun phrases
and vocabulary in Buginese
which is different from
English.
3) Prawono. 1996. Analisis
Pengajaran Bahasa. Yogyakarta:
Gajah Mada University Press.
4) Lado, R. 1988. Teaching English
across Cultures. United Stated:
McGraw-Hill Inc.
5) Ricard (1999; 285). Semantic and
Syntax in Lexical Functional
Grammar.

6) O'Grady (1996). Systemic

Functional Linguistic. Exploring
choice. (184)

7) Azar (1999). Comparison between

English Sentence in Term of
Sequence of Grammar Function
(Syntactical Approach).