H & N anatomy

DR. ALI MOHAMMED ABDULLAH

Lec.11
Neck part 5.
 Lec. Subject Date Lec. Subject Date
No. No.
Lec. 1 Intro + Vertebral column 15 /Sep Lec. 14 Temporal & infratemporal fossae 16/Oct
Lec. 2 Cervical vertebrae 17 /Sep Lec. 15 Salivary Glands and mastication. 25/Oct
Lec. 3 Skull bones 1 21/Sep Lec. 16 Review 28/Oct
Lec. 4 Skull bones 2 23/Sep Lec. 17 Oral cavity 30/Oct
Lec. 5 Intro about cranial nerves 25/Sep Lec. 18 Nasal cavity 2/Nov
Lec. 6 Review 27/Sep Lec. 19 Pterygopalatine fossa 4/Nov
Lec. 7 Neck 1 30/Sep Lec. 20 Review 6/Nov
Lec. 8 Neck 2 2/Oct Lec. 21 Pharynx 8/Nov
Lec. 9 Neck 3 4/Oct Lec. 22 Larynx 11/Nov
Lec. 10 Neck 4 7/Oct Lec. 23 Review 13/Nov
Lec. 11 Review 9/Oct Lec. 24 Orbital cavity 15/Nov
Lec. 12 Face 11/Oct Lec. 25 Eye “May need more lectures” 16/Nov
Lec. 13 Scalp 14/Oct Lec. 26 Ear “May need more lectures” 18/Nov
This lecture and the associated recorded
video is just for registered students in the
H&N course.

Thanks for not sharing them outside the

class.
Blood supply of human body.
1) Heart ➔ ascending aorta.
2) Head and neck ➔ common carotid arteries.
Aortic arch
3) Upper limb ➔ Subclavian arteries.
4) Thorax + abdomen ➔ Descending aorta.
5) Pelvic ➔ internal iliac arteries.
6) Lower limb ➔ external iliac arteries.

Remember : there are anastomoses among these arteries.

 Aortic arch branches
1) Brachiocephalic trunk.
Right common carotid artery.
Right subclavian artery.
2) Left common carotid artery.
3) Left subclavian artery.
 Aortic arch branches
1) Left common carotid artery is part of
the thorax and the neck contents.
2) Right common carotid artery is just
part of the neck contents.

Notes
✓ Left CCA is longer than the right one.
✓ Left CCA enters the neck after passing
behind the left sternoclavicular joint.
CCA
Both right and left common carotid
arteries ascend through the neck, just
lateral to the trachea and esophagus,
within the carotid sheath.
Carotid sheath contains CCA, internal
jugular vein and vagus.
Branches of common carotid artery (CCA)
in the neck
 CCA
Near the superior edge of the thyroid
cartilage each common carotid artery
divides into its two terminal branches C4
the external and internal carotid
arteries.

Notes
✓ Superior edge of the thyroid cartilage not
the thyroid gland.
✓ Superior edge of thyroid cartilage = C4
ICA
Internal carotid artery ascends
vertically toward the base of the
skull.
It enters the cranial cavity through ICA
the carotid canal in the petrous part ECA
of the temporal bone.
It supplies part of the brain,
contents of the orbits including
eyes, and the forehead.
Branches of Internal carotid artery (ICA)
in the neck
ECA
Supplies most parts of the head and
neck.
Anterior and superficial to ICA.
ECA
Gives 6 branches and 2 terminal
branches.

One two three

1) One ➔ medial branch
2) Two ➔ posterior branches
3) Three ➔ anterior branches
Superior
thyroid artery
✓First branch
✓Anterior branch
✓It arises near or at the bifurcation.
✓It passes in a downward and forward
direction deep to the infrahyoid muscles
to reach the superior pole of the thyroid
gland.
✓It supplies thyroid gland, infrahyoid
muscles, SCM and larynx.
Ascending
pharyngeal artery

✓Second branch
✓The smallest branch
✓Medial branch
✓It ascends between the internal carotid
artery and the pharynx.
✓It supplies pharynx, prevertebral
muscles, middle ear, and cranial
meninges.
Lingual artery
✓Anterior branch
✓It arises superior to the origin of
superior thyroid artery.
✓it lies on the middle pharyngeal
constrictor.
✓It arches supero-anteriorly and passes
deep to the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII),
the stylohyoid muscle, and the posterior
belly of the digastric muscle.
Facial artery
✓Anterior branch
✓it arises just above the lingual artery
✓It passes deep to the stylohyoid and
posterior belly of the digastric muscles.
✓ It continues deep between the
submandibular gland and mandible.
✓It hooks around the inferior border of
mandible, then enters the face just
anterior to the masseter muscle.
Occipital artery
✓Posterior branch
✓it arises near the level
of origin of facial artery.
✓It passes superficial to the
internal carotid artery
✓It passes upward and posteriorly deep to the posterior belly of
the digastric muscle, and emerges on the posterior aspect of the
scalp.
Posterior
auricular artery

✓Posterior branch
✓passes upward and posteriorly.
✓It supplies the adjacent muscles; parotid gland; facial nerve; and
structures in the temporal bone, auricle, and scalp.
Posterior
auricular artery

✓Posterior branch
✓passes upward and posteriorly.
✓It supplies the adjacent muscles; parotid gland; facial nerve; and
structures in the temporal bone, auricle, and scalp.
Terminal branches of ECA
✓Maxillary artery.
✓Superficial temporal artery.
Posterior triangle
✓Anteriorly by the posterior edge of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle.
✓Posteriorly by the anterior edge of the
trapezius muscle.
✓Basally by the middle one-third of the
clavicle.
✓Apically by the occipital bone just
posterior to the mastoid process where
the attachments of the trapezius and
sternocleidomastoid come together.
Posterior triangle
Roof
✓Investing fascia that surrounds the
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
muscles as it passes through the region.
Floor
✓Muscles covered by prevertebral
fascia.
Posterior triangle
Muscles that form the floor of the
posterior triangle from above to below:
✓Splenius capitis,
✓Levator scapulae.
✓Posterior scalene .
✓Middle scalene .
✓anterior scalene.

Read these muscles according to your

college notes.
References