OPERATIONAL RESEARCH

ASSIGNMENT # 3
Hammad Bin Naveed

UET-13

BSCS - 31
Department of Computer Science
NUML, Rawalpindi
What are network optimization methods?

Solution :

Network optimization is a set of best practices used to improve

network performance. A variety of tools and techniques can be used
to monitor and improve network performance such as: global load
balancing, minimize latency, packet loss monitoring and bandwidth
management.
With advancements in cloud computing services, applications are
now being delivered over the public internet, as well as in private data
centers. For enterprises is now even more crucial to deliver secure,
high-performance applications ensuring the highest quality of service
to their end users.

1 . Define their types

1. Optimization enables the free flow of data through the optimal usage of
network system resources.
2. Optimization tracks performance metrics, providing real-time reporting to
help network managers proactively manage the network.
3. Optimization provides analytics and predictive modeling so that
network managers can determine the impact any changes to the
architecture will have on the network before they are implemented.
4. All these benefits add up to the most important benefit: driving greater
network performance.
 Top network optimization
metrics are:
Network Availability
This is among the biggest concerns of any network manager responsible
for business-critical or mission-critical network environments. Network
availability is the percentage of time that the network is functioning over a
specific period. All network resources are
monitored for availability, including network devices, interfaces, WANs,
SD-WANs, services, processes, applications, and websites, among
others. The optimal network availability metric is often expressed as
“nine nines”: 99.9999999%, which translates into 31.56 milliseconds of
downtime per year.

Network Utilization
This is a measure of the amount of traffic on the network, showing
whether a network is busy, stable, or idle. It is calculated as a ratio
based on current traffic to the peak traffic the network can handle and
is specified as a percentage. Spikes in network usage can affect the
performance of the network infrastructure on every layer, and
monitoring is required to track usage increases. By measuring
inbound and outbound patterns of bandwidth usage, network
managers can see at a glance how much and where the network is
being utilized, enabling them to make informed decisions about
upgrades and maintenance.
Network Latency
“Latency” is a synonym for “delay”. Network latency is the
measurement of delays that occur in data communication, either in a
one-way or round trip of a packet of data. An indicator of network
speed, usually measured in milliseconds, latency has a big effect on
user experience (think VoIP calls or video streaming in particular).
Networks that experience small delays are a low-latency networks.
Those with long delays are high-latency networks.

Network Jitter
This occurs when a stream of data is not constant, resulting in some
packets of data taking longer than others to be delivered. Jitter is a
sign of an overloaded router due to network congestion, and usually
results in poor online video or voice quality.

Network Service Delivery and

Service Assurance
Service delivery monitoring is the technology that enables the
visualization, detection, alerting and reporting on the status of an end-
to-end IT service. It is similar to service assurance, which is a
framework of technology and processes to ensure that IT services
offered over the enterprise network meet the agreed-to service quality
level (SLA) for optimal user experience. Service delivery monitoring
and service assurance occur through the optimization of the
application performance across a hybrid network infrastructure.
monitored for availability, including network devices, interfaces, WANs,
SD-WANs, services, processes, applications, and websites, among
others. The optimal network availability metric is often expressed as
“nine nines”: 99.9999999%, which translates into 31.56 milliseconds of
downtime per year.

Network Utilization
This is a measure of the amount of traffic on the network, showing
whether a network is busy, stable, or idle. It is calculated as a ratio
based on current traffic to the peak traffic the network can handle and
is specified as a percentage. Spikes in network usage can affect the
performance of the network infrastructure on every layer, and
monitoring is required to track usage increases. By measuring
inbound and outbound patterns of bandwidth usage, network
managers can see at a glance how much and where the network is
being utilized, enabling them to make informed decisions about
upgrades and maintenance.

Network Latency
“Latency” is a synonym for “delay”. Network latency is the
measurement of delays that occur in data communication, either in a
one-way or round trip of a packet of data. An indicator of network
speed, usually measured in milliseconds, latency has a big effect on
user experience (think VoIP calls or video streaming in particular).
Networks that experience small delays are a low-latency networks.
Those with long delays are high-latency networks.
 Network Jitter
This occurs when a stream of data is not constant, resulting in some
packets of data taking longer than others to be delivered. Jitter is a
sign of an overloaded router due to network congestion, and usually
results in poor online video or voice quality.

Network Service Delivery and

Service Assurance
Service delivery monitoring is the technology that enables the
visualization, detection, alerting and reporting on the status of an end-
to-end IT service. It is similar to service assurance, which is a
framework of technology and processes to ensure that IT services
offered over the enterprise network meet the agreed-to service quality
level (SLA) for optimal user experience. Service delivery monitoring
and service assurance

EXAMPLE OF NETWORK OPTIMIZATION

Shortest Path Problem

The problem is to determine the best way to traverse a network to get from
an origin to a given destination as cheaply as possible. Suppose that in a given
network there are m nodes and n arcs (i.e. edges) and a cost Cij associated
with each arc (i to j) in the network. Formally, the Shortest Path (SP) problem is
to find the shortest (least cost) path from the start node 1 to the finish node
m. The cost of the path is the sum of the costs on the arcs in the path. Define
binary variables Xij, where Xij =1 if the arc (i to j) is on the SP and Xij = 0
otherwise. There are two special nodes, called the origin and destination. The
objective is to find a shortest path between the origin and destination.