Appendix C Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

Several terms, expressions and abbreviations have been used in this report which may not be
familiar to all users. A glossary of such terms is given below:

Glossary

A device external to a vessel designed to assist in the determination

Aids to navigation of its position and its safe course or to warn of changes or obstructions.
(AtoN) In the case of channels such devices include buoys, piled beacons,
leading lights, sector lights, radar reflectors, etc.
Air draught The distance from the waterline to the highest point on the vessel.
The amount of time, expressed as a percentage of the overall sample
time, during which the port facility or a specific element of the port (e.g.
Availability
approach channel, berth, etc.) is available for operations. (See Section
3.2.3)
Key performance indicators (KPIs) can be applied to monitor port
activities and a tool to use in assessing port and terminal capacities in
Benchmarking port masterplanning. Benchmarking is a method to use these KPIs to
compare performance with a target (or operations at other ports) and
to observe trends in performance levels.
The amount of time, expressed as a percentage of the overall sample
time, during which a ship is physically at the berth plus any other time
Berth Commitment (e.g. while the ship occupies the approaches to the berth, and during
scheduled equipment maintenance downtime) when the berth cannot
be used by other ships, (See Section 3.2.3.3)
The amount of time, expressed as a percentage of the overall sample
Berth Occupancy time, during which a ship is physically at the berth. (See Section
3.2.3.3)
Cargo that must be loaded individually, and not in intermodal
Break bulk containers or in bulk as with oil or grain. Break bulk cargo is typically
transported in bags, boxes, crates, drums or barrels or as unit loads
secured to a pallet or skid.
Capacity, in terms of cargo handling, is a measure of the volumes
which can be handled at a defined quality of service. Capacity can be
considered in terms of:
 Maximum instantaneous capacity – only achievable with
maximum productivity of equipment and full utilisation over short
Capacity time frame.
 Maximum annual capacity – assuming maximum productivity of
equipment and high utilisation.
 Optimum annual capacity – assuming high productivity of
equipment and normal utilisation, based on optimum queuing of
vessels.
Capesize Bulk carrier 80,000 DWT and over.
Channel width Defined in this report as the width at the bed of the channel.
Cold ironing is the process of providing shore side electrical power to
Cold ironing a ship at berth while its main and auxiliary engines are turned off. Also
known as Shore-to-Ship (STS) or Alternate Marine Power (AMP).
Deadweight The weight (usually in metric tonnes) of a ship’s cargo, fuel, water,
Tonnage (DWT) crew, passengers and stores.
Displacement The actual total weight of the vessel (usually in metric tonnes).
Draught or draft refers to the distance from the waterline to the lowest
Draught point of the keel of a vessel. This varies with the amount of cargo
carried and distribution of the cargo in the vessel.
Dredged depth Dredged depth is the distance from Chart Datum (CD) to the seabed.
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 All cargo that is not carried as a bulk cargo or containerised.
General cargo
Sometimes referred to as ‘break-bulk’ cargo.
Greenfield site See Chapter 1.
A measure of the overall size of a ship determined in accordance with
Gross Tonnage (GT) the provisions of the International Convention on Tonnage
Measurement of Vessels, 1969.
Handysize Bulk carrier 10,000-35,000 DWT.
Handymax Bulk carrier 35,000-59,000 DWT.
KPIs are measurements of a port or terminal’s operational activity or
Key Performance revenue based on cargoes handled/vessels served, etc. over a period
Indicators (KPIs) of time (per shift/month/year). These KPIs can be financial, based on
revenues, or operational based on cargo handling throughputs.
Classification of ships for the old Panama Canal locks. Maximum L oa
= 289.6 m, except Loa = 294.81 m for passenger and containerships.
Panamax vessels
Maximum beam = 32.37 m. Maximum Draught = 12.04 m in tropical
fresh water.
Prior to new Panama Canal locks in 2014, Post Panamax classification
Post-Panamax referred to ships larger than original locks. This classification probably
becomes obsolete with the new locks open (2016).
Classification of ships for the new third set of Panama Canal locks and
denotes vessels capable of accessing the new Panama locks, based
on the new lock dimensions of 427 m (1,400 ft.) in length, 55 m (180
New Panamax vessels
ft.) in beam, and 18.3 m (60 ft.) in depth. These vessels will have
maximum lengths of 366 m (1,201 ft.) maximum widths of 49 m (161
ft.) and maximum draughts of 15.2 m (50 ft.).
The most commonly occurring wind or current obtained from current
prevailing wind/
and wind records. Currents will include tidal streams and wind-induced
current
currents.
Productivity is a measure of actual operational efficiency in a port or
productivity terminal and can be used to compare with other operational KPIs and
to determine future port requirements.
risk The product of the probability of a hazard resulting in an adverse event,
times the severity of that event.
The time period for which a channel is available for use (typically due
tidal window
to tide height).
A service designed to improve the safety and efficiency of vessel traffic
Vessel Traffic and to protect the environment and which is capable of interacting with
Service (VTS) that traffic and responding to traffic situations developing in the VTS
area.
Vessel Traffic
As VTS but where harbour authority controls and directs all vessel
Management Service
movements in the VTS area.
(VTMS)

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 Abbreviations

AtoN Aids to Navigation

ADB Asian Development Bank
AIS Automatic Identification System
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
BAFO Best and Final Offer
BCA Benefit-Cost Analysis
BCR Benefit Cost Ratio
BGS British Geological Survey
BS British Standard
CAPEX Capital Expenditure
CBA Cost-Benefit Analysis
CBD Central Business District
CD Chart Datum
CEDA Central Dredging Association
D&B Design and Build (U.S.: design-build)
DD Detailed Design
DWT Deadweight Tonnage (metric tonnes)
ECI Early Contractor Involvement
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIA Environmental (or Economic) Impact Assessment
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EPC Engineering Procurement Construction
EU European Union
FCL Full Container Load
FEED Front End Engineering Design
FIDIC International Federation of Consulting Engineers
FLNG Floating Liquid Petroleum Natural Gas
FSRU Floating Storage and Regasification Unit
FSU Floating Storage Unit
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GT Gross Tonnage
Ha Hectare
HAT Highest Astronomical Tide
Hs Significant Wave Height
HSE Health and Safety Executive (UK)
HSG Health and Safety Guidance (UK)
IADC International Association of Dredging Companies
IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
IAPH International Association of Ports and Harbours
ICHCA International Cargo Handling Co-ordination Association
IFI International Funding Institution
IMO International Maritime Organisation
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRC Infrastructure Resource Centre (World Bank)
IRR Internal Rate of Return
ISGOTT International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals
ISO International Organization for Standardization
km Kilometre
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LOA Length Overall
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
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m metre
MarCom Maritime Navigation Commission (of PIANC)
MCA Multi-Criteria Analysis
Mtpa Million tonnes per annum
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NHN National Hydrographic Network (Canada)
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA)
NPV Net present value
O&G Oil and Gas
OCIMF The Oil Companies International Marine Forum
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OF Marine Offloading Facility
OLS Operational Limit State
OPEX Operational Expenditure
OS Ordnance Survey (UK)
PEST Political, Economic, Social and Technological
PIANC The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure (previously
the Permanent International Association of Navigational Congresses) )
POV Privately Owned Vehicle
PPP Public-Private Partnership
RA Radius of Anchorage
ROCI Return on Capital Invested
ROI Return on Investment
ROM Recommendations for Maritime Works
(Spanish: Recomendaciones de Obras Marítimas)
RoPax Roll-on Roll-off and Passengers
RoRo Roll-on Roll-off
s second
SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment
SIA Social Impact Assessment
SIGTTO Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators
SIMOPS Simultaneous Operations
SPM Single Point Mooring
SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
t tonne
TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
UKC Underkeel Clearance
ULS Ultimate Limit State
UN United Nations
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
USGS United States Geological Survey
UXO Unexploded Ordnance
VAS Value-Added Service
Vf Current velocity
VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier (tanker)
VTS Vessel Traffic Service
Vw wind velocity
WB World Bank
WG Working Group (PIANC report)
WTO World Trade Organisation
WwN Working with Nature

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