1)What is a fallacy?

A fallacy is an error in logic or reasoning that leads to an argument supported by

illogical or misleading premises. It also invalidates an argument that doesn’t prove
anything, even though it may seem to initially make sense on the surface.
2)Differentiate a formal from an informal fallacy.
Fallacy is divided into FORMAL (deductive) and INFORMAL (inductive)
fallacies. FORMAL fallacy refers to an argument whereby premises offer some
truth of inference and they are neither true nor false while INFORMAL fallacy is
whereby the premise is not valid and the conclusions are always false but support
the premise argument.
3)Name 5 informal fallacies and briefly discuss each.

Fallacy Discussion Example

False Dilemma This fallacy is also called
black and white fallacy,
occurs when an arguer
presents his/her argument
as one of only two
options despite the
presence of multiple
possibilities.
Slippery Slope Argues that once a person
allows an event to
happen, another event
will inevitably follow. It
occurs when a series of
increasingly superficial
and unacceptable
consequences is drawn.
Appeal to Pity It is also called
argumentum ad
misericordiam, happens
when some element of
pity is used instead of
logical reasoning.
Bandwagon The bandwagon fallacy,
is also called
Either you full devote
yourself to the company
or you quit.
If we ban computer
shops, then students will
not be able to do
research. An if they do
not have tools for
research, these students
will fail their subjects.
Please do not fire me foe
being absent all month; I
have a sick mother and a
special child to support.
Most Filipinas want to
have fair skin because
 argumentum and they think they look
numerum, when an beautiful. Therefore,
argument is considered to having fair skin must be
be valid because it is the real standard of
what the majority thinks. beauty.
Hasty Generalization Occurs when a general Martha, the foreigner
statement is asserted from France, is very
which is based on limited impolite. French people
information, inadequate are mean and rude.
evidence or
unrepresented sampling.

References:
Legal Writing ( A Competency-Based Approach by: GIL MARVEL P.
TABUCANON AND DAVID A. MOCKON
Academic Reading and Writing by JESSIE S. BARROT, Ph.D.
https://www.essayoven.com/identifying-deductive-inductive-fallacies