Republic of Somalia ‫جمــــــهورية الصومـال‬

COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCE

Graduation Thesis

THE EFFECTS OF DIARRHEA DISEASE ON CHILDREN

UNDER FIVE YREARS IN HODAN DISTRICTS,
MOGADISHU
By
Name: Isack

Name :mohamed nur

ID: U050000 3794

This Thesis is Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of

Bachelor food Science and nutrition at savannah University
Mogadishu Somalia

Academic year

2016- 2017

Mogadishu Somalia

March 2016

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this Study is from my own work and effort and thatit has not been

submitted anywhere for any award. All other sources of information used this research

must not recognized to other person.

Name of the Candidate: _______________________________

Signature: ___________________________

Date: ___/______/ 2016

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 SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL

I hereby declare that I have read this thesis and in my opinion this thesis is sufficient in

terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science In food

science and I accepted for the submission to the examining panel.

Suppervisor

Prof: Ibrahim abdi Hassan

Signature_____________________Date______/_______/2016

Signature_____________________Date______/_______/2016

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 DEDICATION

I dedicate This Thesis To my Dear and beloved brotherAbdullahi Muse Shire And my

beloved Mother -------------------------. All of them I say thanks. Especially I thank to our

Supervisor who support me to prepare this thesis. I also dedicate this thesis to

my dear and beloved brothers, sisters and my relatives.

Finally I thank anyone who talked part and encouraged me readily available moral

support were actually motive force which has driven me steady to complete presentation

of my research.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All thanks to Allah who made easier for me doing this precious job and ask him to be

advantageous to the readers who excite knowing somehow about the issue presented in

this book.

I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor Prof. abdalla his guidance,

encouragement and support for the fulfillment of this thesis.

I also acknowledge my parents, friends, classmates and lecturers of the University Of

Somalia and every person who took part my physical and mental growth which cannot

outline in this page and I say “thanks for your great efforts and motivations”.

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 Abstract

Diarrhea is caused by a variety of bacterial, viral, and parasitic enter pathogens.

Transmission occurs through the fecal-oral route as a result of direct person-to-person
contact (such as hand-to-mouth contact) and exposure to contaminated food, water, and
objects. Avoidance of contaminated water and attention to hygienic practices, such as
sanitary waste disposal, correct food handling techniques, and washing one’s hands, can
help prevent illness (Yolken et al., 2000; Huttly et al., 2002).

Globally, children aged less than five years’ experience, on average, 3.2 episodes of

diarrhea every year and consequently 1.87 million children will die from dehydration

associated with diarrheal disease. In Indonesia it was reported that each child has

diarrhea 1.3 episodes per year (MOH, 2003a). Indonesia contributed 39.000 deaths due

to diarrhea in developing region of the world (Pinto, 2008).

This study has three objectives. The first objective was to determine effects of diarrheaon
children under5 years. The second objective was to identify effects of diarrhea in terms
of food and drink. The third objective was to demonstrate the risk factors which cause
diarrhea disease. The majority of respondents 28 (53.8%) were aged 20-25 years, while
16(30.8%) were aged 26-30 and also 6 (11.5%) of the respondents were aged 31-35,
finally 2 (3.8%) were aged 36-40 years.

The Researcher Recommended:Giving health education to the society in Hodan

district through main health centers, and Community form in order to prevent the health

problems of the effects of diarrheal disease on children under 5 years.

To change the community condition and give training about the effects of diarrhea

disease to prevent causes of diarrhea disease on children.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page----------------------------------------------------------------------------------I

Declaration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------II

Supervisor approval---------------------------------------------------------------------III

Examing panel---------------------------------------------------------------------------IV

Dedication -------------------------------------------------------------------------------V

Acknowledgements --------------------------------------------------------------------VI

Abstract ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------VII

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background of the study.......................................................................................1

Problem Statement................................................................................................3

Purpose of the study..............................................................................................4

Research Objectives..............................................................................................4

Research Questions...............................................................................................4

Scope of Study......................................................................................................4

Significance of Study............................................................................................5

Operational definition ..........................................................................................5

Conceptual framework .........................................................................................6

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CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................7

2.1 Definition Of Diarrhea..................................................................................................7

2.1.1The Main Causative AgentsOf Diarrhea……….........…………..….........................8

2.1.2 Transmission Routes…...………………………………………..….....…………….9

2.1.3 Types Of Diarrhea…………………………………….....……................................10

2.2 Risk Factors Of Diarrhea .…....…..…..………….…………………..........................12

2.3The Global Burden Of Diarrhea Disease In Children………………..........................14

2.4Impact Of Diarrhea Disease On Children…………………………................14

2.5Treatmen Of Diarrhea……………………………..……………….....……………..15

2.6summary……………..…………………………..…….......................................17

2.7 conclusion………………………………………...………...……………..................18

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CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0: Introduction ..............................................................................................................19

3.1. Research Design .......................................................................................................19

3.2. Research Population…………………………………………………………..........19

3.2.1 Target population….................................................................................................20

3.2.2 Sample Size .............................................................................................................20

3.2.3. Sampling procedure ------------------------------------------------------------------------20

3.3 Research instrument ---------------------------------------------------------------------------21

3.3.1 Validity …………………..-----------------------------------------------------------------21

3.3.2 Reliability………………..-----------------------------------------------------------------22

3.4 Data gathering Procedure ---------------------------------------------------------------------22

3.5 Data Analysis…………... --------------------------------------------------------------------22

3.6 Ethical Consideration ……………----------------------------------------------------------23

3.7 Expect limitations of the study…………---------------------------------------------------23

3.8 conclusion……………………………………………………………………………23

CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.0 Introduction…..............................................................................................................24

4.1 Demographic Data………………………………….…………….…...……………..24

4.5 Data presentation and analyze………………..……………………………..............29

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CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 Introduction………………………………..……………………………….…….…39

5.1 Discussion.. ...............................................................................................….............39

5.2 Conclusions… ……….………………………………………….……...…………...41

5.3Findings…..… ……….………………………………………….……...…………...42

5.4recommendation…………………………………………………………….............42

References ………………………………………………………………………...........43

Appendix A: Time Frame ……………………………….……………………..….........46

Appendix B: Budget actual...............................................................................................47

Appendix C: questionnaire................................................................................................48

LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1 Descriptions of sample Size....................……………………….……….........20

Table 4.1: Descriptionsgender of the respondents..………….......….……….......25

Table 4.2: Descriptions age of the respondents….....………………………...........26

Table 4.3: Descriptions marital status of the respondents.…..…………...……..27

Table 4.4 Descriptionsqualifications of the respondents.………………….….....28

Table 4.5 Un-washed hands it may causes diarrhea.…………………………....….....29

Table 4.6 A child eaty with dirty hands can spread diarrhea:…………..……....….....30

Table 4.7 the cooked foods can prevent Diarrhea:…..……..........................…......31

Table 4.8 Un-cleaned latrine can facilitate to spread diarrhea; ...........................….....32

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Table 4.9 diarrhea is a hazard to the child’s health:.............................................….......33

Table 4.10 UN covered street foods can infect children to diarrhea disease:..…..........34

Table 4.11 Dirty drinking water can cause Diarrhea:……………………..…......35

Table 4.12 Adequate breastfeeding reduces infections of the children:……...............36

Table 4.13 Boiling water can prevent the effect of Diarrhea disease:……………...37

Table 4.14 Parasites that cause diarrhea include: Entamoebahistolytica,

Cyclosporacayetanensis and Cryptosporidium etc:

…………………………………………..38

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1 Gender………………………………………………………………………..25

Figure 4.2 Ages…………………………………………………………………………..26
Figure 4.3 Marital status…………………………………………………………………27
Figure 4.4 Qualification……………………………………………………………….....28
Figure (4.5) Respondent by Un-washed hands it may causes diarrhea:……..…………..29
Figure (4.6) Respondent by A child eaty with dirty hands can spread diarrhea:…...........30
Figure (4.7) Respondent by the cooked foods can prevent Diarrhea:………………31
Figure (4.8) Respondent by Un-cleaned latrine can facilitate to spread diarrhea:…......32
Figure (4.9) Respondent by diarrhea is a hazard to the child’s health………………….33
Figure (4.10) Respondent by diarrhea is a hazard to the child’s health:.…………......34

Figure (4.11) Respondent by Dirty drinking water can cause Diarrhea:.…………….35

Figure (4.12) Respondent by Adequate breastfeeding reduces infections children…......36

Figure (4.13) Respondent by boiling water can prevent the effect of Diarrhea disease:

………………………………………………………………………37
Figure (4.14) Respondent by Parasites that cause diarrhea include: Entamoebahistolytica,
Cyclosporacayetanensis and Cryptosporidium etc.:……………………………………..…..38

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