Database Transaction Management

S D Kodituwakku J M I N Dissanayake
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
Malabe, Sri Lanka Malabe, Sri Lanka
ms21911644@my.sliit.lk ms20913410@my.sliit.lk

D. N. Ayola Jayamaha Maduka Ashan Perera

Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
Malabe, Sri Lanka Malabe, Sri Lanka
ms21900754@my.sliit.lk ms20913656@my.sliit.lk

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION
Many people involve online trading and businesses mainly using
transactions that need to be secure and highly available in the
current world. Several services provide from the databases to keep
these complex transactions safe, concurrent, and the maximum
available to complete the processes.
In modern databases, several options provide data integrity, data
security, and concurrent access to process these transactions with-
out any issues. The data integrity option ensures it can perform the
effectiveness of the data and the data validation over the business
rule. The data secure is responsible for preventing unauthorized ac-
cess to the database and modifying the data. The essential concept
called concurrency is that multiple uses can access data and per-
form the available data. This is an advanced operation as it directly
affects the performance of any database as the number of users are
getting increased, the read-write operations are getting up to the
maximum level.
To solve such situations, database management system develop-
ers have introduced a method called database transactions that can
individually monitor the database usage and provide service based
on each transaction’s operation.

2 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
TRANSACTIONS
In an application, for a unit of a work in database side it is generating
sequence of read and write (SQL queries) to access database and
that process called database transaction. A transactional database
is a database management system that provide the ACID properties
for database operations.
Figure 1, clear shows the principle behind the database trans-
actions. When transaction start there is a database a log to track
each operation and mainly use this log to undo the actions when
transaction is got failure.
2.1 Properties of Database transaction
• Atomicity - Atomicity of transaction means that a group
of atomic operations operate to either fully executing or
not execute anything. When transaction is happening, there
might be some failures in the database or network side and
before commit the database transactions into the disk then,
all the operation on this transaction should be withdraw and
Figure 1: Principle of Database Transactions
database need to returns its initial state as if nothing has the
same operation. To revert back the transaction, it uses the
database log which records all transactions details.
• Consistency - Consistency and the atomicity are closely
related. The responsibility of this property is to ensure that
the once the transaction is executed, it should move from
one consistence state to another.
• Isolation - It is important that the transactions should be
independent each other. Any transaction cannot be inter-
ference with other transactions. Mainly, when a transaction
do any data manipulation, then that block of data should be
block for other transactions. Concurrent changes made by
the firm must be concurrent with any other firm to make
changes to isolation. Isolation is typically defined at database
 S D Kodituwakku, J M I N Dissanayake, D. N. Ayola Jayamaha, and Maduka Ashan Perera

found that ACID four properties are required to maintain the trans-
action.
Researches have investigated several products such as G-Store,
MStore, ecStore, Sinfonia, ElasTrans. They identify the transac-
tion techniques used on those products. Also, how transaction
failures and database logs are handled by those products. WAL
(Write-Ahead-Logging) protocol is important when logging syn-
chronously or asynchronously. Such as Distributed reliability pro-
tocol, Distributed 2PL protocol, and optimistic concurrency control
protocol (OCC) have been used on the products wisely. Also, recov-
ery manager implementation strategies have been investigated by
researchers.
Figure 2: Transaction Model When we get the researcher’s perspective they have covered
a wide area of transaction management with databases on cloud
applications. They have identified several products which used
the newest technologies with transaction management. In my per-
level as a property that defines how/when the changes made
spective, they could do a little bit more regarding the security and
by one operation become visible to others
the availability, those two factors also very important with cloud
• Durability - Durability is another important property that
computing and transaction management, when we get with the
refers to transactions if it is submitted, it changes the data
database more importantly. If they have covered those two points,
in the database is permanent even the database got crashed.
the paper could be much complete than now.
For an example if any user book a flight seat that booking
confirmation is remain even any database crashed happened
4 CITATIONS
later.
Some examples of references. A paginated journal article [? ], an
3 TECHNIQUES AND PRACTICES IN THE enumerated journal article [? ], a reference to an entire issue [? ], a
monograph (whole book) [? ], a monograph/whole book in a series
CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT (see 2a in spec. document) [? ], a divisible-book such as an anthology
A survey about Transaction management techniques and practices or compilation [? ] followed by the same example, however we only
in the current cloud computing environment has analyzed how output the series if the volume number is given [? ] (so Editor00a’s
scalable transactional data are accessed in cloud computing by series should NOT be present since it has no vol. no.), a chapter
different systems. in a divisible book [? ], a chapter in a divisible book in a series [?
In this survey they have discovers how complete transaction ], a multi-volume work as book [? ], an article in a proceedings
management done in the cloud environment. This paper mainly (of a conference, symposium, workshop for example) (paginated
focused on review the transaction management techniques and key proceedings article) [? ], a proceedings article with all possible
concepts of transaction management. elements [? ], an example of an enumerated proceedings article [?
The transaction is executing the set of query instructions atomi- ], an informally published work [? ], a doctoral dissertation [? ], a
cally on a single consistent view of the database. Cloud computing master’s thesis [? ], an finally two online documents or world wide
transaction management is done by implementing ACID (Atomicity, web resources [? ? ].
Consistency, Isolation, and Durability).
The researchers have investigated several cloud systems and
identified the distributed transaction is not supporting scalability
with the available design. To support the scalability requirement
in the distributed transaction in several systems have used data
store based on the key-value schema. Where tables are viewed as a
collection of key-value entries. Researches have found key-value
stores such as PNUTS, Bigtable, ecStore, and Dynamo have been
used as the preferred data store for cloud-based applications.
In the cloud, there are important factors when considering im-
plementing a database. Which they have investigated the elastic
transaction with scalability. Elasticity should be available when
there are more transactions
In the distributed transactions may update the data on multiple
computer systems, the perspective of the consistency and reliability
aspect transaction due on four properties called ACID. Atomicity
ensures complete transaction, consistency followed by correctness,
isolation ensures transaction independence in parallel executions
and durability means transaction persistence. Therefore they have