CHAPTER Five: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR DATE: 15- 10- 2020

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CLASS: ACCOUNTING (A) SHIFT: MORNING

1- Define perception, and explain the factors that influence it?

Ans: perception : A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. & The factors are either in
the perceiver such as attitudes and experience; in the situation such as social setting
and time; or in the target such as sounds, size or background.

2- Explain the link between perception and decision making?

Ans: Decision making occurs as a reaction to a perceived problem Perception

influences:

1- Awareness that a problem exists 2-The interpretation and evaluation of

information 3- Bias of analysis and conclusions

Perception influences this entire process from problem recognition to data

selection to alternative chosen

3- Identify the shortcuts individuals use in making judgments about others?

Ans : A- Selecting perceptipn B- Projection C- Stereotyping D- Halo effect

E- Constrast effect

4- List and explain the common decision biases or errors?

Ans: 1-Overconfidence Bias: is

when you believe too much in your own ability to make
good decisions 2 - Anchoring Bias: is when you make your decisions based on
the information you received first and not on the new information received 3-
Confirmation Bias :Seeking out information that reaffirms our past choices and
discounting information that contradicts past judgments

4-Availability Bias: The tendency to base judgments on information that is readily

available 5- Escalation of Commitment : Staying with a decision even when there
is clear evidence that it is wrong 6- Risk Aversion: Preferring a sure thing over a
risky outcome 7- Hindsight Bias: The tendency to believe falsely that we could
have accurately predicted the outcome of an event after that outcome is already
known

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 CHAPTER Five: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR DATE: 15- 10- 2020
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CLASS: ACCOUNTING (A) SHIFT: MORNING
5- Contrast the three ethical decision criteria?
Ans: There are three ethical criteria that influence decisions:

1. Utilitarian : where the decisions are based on the outcome of the solution.

2. Rights make decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges

3. Justice impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially so that there is equal
distribution of benefits and costs
6- Define creativity, and discuss the three-component model of creativity?

Ans: Creativity :is the process of use imagination or original ideas to create something
: Inventiveness

1. Expertise: is the foundation and is based on the knowledge and experience of

the individual

2. Creative-thinking skills: are the personality characteristics associated with

creativity such as the ability to use analogies and the talent to see things
differently.

3. Intrinsic task motivation: is the desire to do the job because of the

characteristics associated with the job

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