Resume of Landslide Analysis in Jemblung Area, Sampang Village, Karangkobar

SubDistrict, Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province

By: Susilowati

Indonesia is located between the Pacific, Eurasian, and Indo-Australian tectonic plates that made up
alignment of volcanoes, which is known as Ring of Fire. The impact for Indonesia is rich in mineral
resources as well as potential disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods and
landslides. The most frequent disasters in Indonesia are floods and landslides.
Unlike several previous years, where floods dominated at the end of the year. In December 2014,
landslides were the most common. Landslides occurred 111 times, far more than floods (86 incidents),
where the highest frequency is in Central Java, West Java and East Java (BNPB, 2014). The worst and
deadliest landslides in Indonesia since 2006 is Karangkobar landslide (Wijaya et all, 2016).

Location Morphologically, a rotational slide is

The landslide is located in Jemblung Area,
Sampang Village, Karangkobar Sub-District,
Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province.
The coordinates are 109° 43 '15,3912 "LE and
7° 16' 52.5828" LS (Kristianto et all, 2015). It
occurred on Friday, 20 Sept 2014 at 05.30 p.m.
(Naryanto H.S., 2017).
Geometry of Landslide
characterized by a prominent main scarp
(“head scarp”) and a back-tilted bench forming
the head of the slide. Rotational slides occur in
homogeneous massive clay deposits excavated
by stream erosion or artificial earth works and
in manmade fill slopes (Hunger O., et al, 2014).
In this case, there is artificial terraces (for
farming) on slopes that should be covered by
conservation forest.

The source of the landslide came from Debris flow initiated by slide from Telagagede
Telagagede Hill, where is above the Jemblung Hill. Once soil material begins to move, the
Area with an altitude about 990-1,010 meters. water spring from above of Telagagede Hill
The distance between head scarp to the end descended into streams and mixed with some
point of slide is around 600 meters. Direction material of landslide.
from centre position of head scarp is N 190°E
(Naryanto H.S., 2017).
Based on Kristianto et all (2015), the landslide
occurred on a cliff as high as 75 meters with
width of head scarp is 75 meters and the body
of slides reaches 150 meters. The length of
landslides about 450 meters towards rice fields
and settlements with direction N355°E. The
length of the talus about 400 meters to the
north until the road is buried with an altitude
more than 5 meters from the river level. Talus
also develops to the east along 200 meters, so
the land width reaches 500 meters.
Type of Landslide Fig. 1 The landslides at Jemblung Area, Karangkobar
Banjarnegara, which initiated as a rotational slide
Based on Naryanto H.S. (2017), the type of then develop into debris flow (Courtesy of Naryanto
landslides is rotational slide then develop into H.S., 2017)
debris flow on the bottom part of landsides.
Causes of Landslide
The causes of Karangkobar landslide can be
divided into controlling factors and trigger
factors. The controlling factors are related to
geological characterisation such as
geomorphology, lithology and geological
structure in Jemblung Area. The trigger factors
of Karangkobar landslides are rainfall and
human activity.
1. Geological of Jemblung Area
a. Geomorphology
Based on Kristrianto et all (2015), morphology
of Jemblung Area is a hill with steep slope until
very steep slope (40°-60°). In the valley, the
slopes are between 5°-15°. Naryanto H.S.
(2017) also said the morphology of Jembung
Area has a steep slope (75°) around the head
crap. The slope below of head crap is gentle
which is used for settlements, rice fields and
farming.
b. Lithology
Lithology in Jemblung Area is Volcanic breccia
rocks that easily weathered and forming very
thick weathered soil (more than 5 meters). The
soil is very high waters absorption so it is easily
saturated then causes slope instability
(Naryanto H.S., 2017).
c. Geological Structure
The alignment of the geological structures
shows the directions N330°E and N55°E which
forming fractures in the rock. This structure
has accelerated the physical weathering and
erosion of the weathered material. The north-
south alignment has the same direction as the
flow patterns of the north-south tributaries
(N0°E). This pattern becomes an active vertical
erosion path that causes instability of the
surrounding hillsides (Widagdo A. and Setijadi
R., 2015).
2. Rainfall
Based on Naryanto H.S., (2017), an extreme
rainfall has triggered landslides in Jemblung
Area. The daily rainfall is above 100 mm
occurs from Wednesday to Friday (10-12
December 2014). This statement reinforced
by data from BMKG shows that the highest
rainfall in Banjarnegara was recorded in
Sigaluh on Friday, which was 153 mm.
3. Human Activity
The hills at Jemblung area are used for mixed
plantations that interspersed with large trees,
while in the lower areas are used for palawija
plantations and rice fields. There are
settlements between palawija plantations and
rice fields (southern part of the river) and
around hills (northern part of the river)
(Kristianto et all, 2015).
Farming activities have considered water and
soil conservation. It can be seen from the
swales or terraces on sloping land, the
presence of irrigation, and the construction of
dam. However, the lithological factor makes
their way of conserving water and soil less
became not effective (Naryanto H.S., 2017).
The Impact of Landslide
Jemblung landslide, Banjarnegara was one of
the worst and deadliest landslides in Indonesia
since 2006. In this disaster, the victims reached
95 people died, 13 others were missing, 5
people were seriously injured, 9 people were
slightly injured and thousands of people were
forced to flee to a safer place. The landslides
buried about 105 units of houses along with
rice fields and community plantations (BNPB,
2014). The landslide also caused destruction of
about 500 m stretch of an important access
road that connecting Karangkobar District,
Banjarnegara (Wijaya et all, 2016).
Hazard Mitigation
Based on Rahman, A.Z., (2015), Karangkobar
Landslides mitigations are divided into
structural mitigation and non-structural
mitigation. Structural mitigations are carried
out by compiling a database of potential
hazard areas and installing an Early Warning
System (EWS). Non-structural mitigations are
carried out by providing information about
landslides, doing some socialization and
disaster simulations
References
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) 2014, Info Bencana, Online:
https://bnpb.go.id/uploads/publication/1069/Info_Bencana_Desember.pdf (22.09.2020)
Hunger O, Lereouell S, Picarelli L 2014, ’The Varnes Classification of Landslide Types, An update’,
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Kristianto, Triana Y.D, Nursalim A 2015,’Longsor Besar di Karangkobar’, Geomagz, vol.5, no.1, pp. 78-
81.
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Village, Karangkobar Subdistrict, Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province’, Jurnal Alami, vol.
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