Heavy equipment

They are also known as, heavy machines, heavy trucks, construction equipment, engineering
equipment, heavy vehicles, or heavy hydraulics.

Excavator

Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom, stick, bucket and cab on a
rotating platform (known as the "house"). The house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels. A
cable-operated excavator uses winches and steel ropes to accomplish the movements. They are a natural
progression from the steam shovels and often called power shovels.

All movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic
fluid, with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors. Due to the linear actuation of hydraulic cylinders, their
mode of operation is fundamentally different from cable-operated excavators.

1
 Front loader

A loader is a type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks, that has a front-mounted square
wide bucket connected to the end of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground, such
as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the
ground. A loader is commonly used to move a stockpiled material from ground level and deposit it into an
awaiting dump truck or into an open trench excavation.

Loaders are used mainly for uploading materials into trucks, laying pipe, clearing rubble, and digging.
A loader is not the most efficient machine for digging as it cannot dig very deep below the level of its wheels,
like a backhoe can.

In construction areas loaders are also used to transport building materials - such as bricks, pipe,
metal bars, and digging tools - over short distances.

Back Hoe Loader

A backhoe loader, also called a loader backhoe, digger, is a heavy equipment vehicle that consists
of a tractor fitted with a shovel/bucket on the front and a small backhoe on the back. Due to its (relatively)
small size and versatility, backhoe loaders are very common in urban engineering and small construction
projects (such as building a small house, fixing urban roads, etc.). This type of machine is also known as a
TLB (Tractor-Loader-Backhoe).

Backhoe loaders are very common and can be used for a wide variety of tasks: construction, small
demolitions, light transportation of building materials, powering building equipment, digging
holes/excavation, landscaping, breaking asphalt, and paving roads.

2
 A forklift truck

A forklift truck (also called a lift truck, a fork truck, or a forklift) is a powered industrial truck used
to lift and transport materials.

The forklift has since become an indispensable piece of equipment in manufacturing and
warehousing operations

Dump Truck

A standard dump truck is a truck chassis with a dump body mounted to the frame. The bed is
raised by a vertical hydraulic ram mounted under the front of the body, or a horizontal hydraulic ram and
lever arrangement between the frame rails, and the back of the bed is hinged at the back of the truck. The
tailgate can be configured to swing up on top hinges or it can be configured in the "High Lift Tailgate"
format wherein pneumatic rams lift the gate open and up above the dump body.

3
 Crane
A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves,
that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting
heavy things and transporting them to other places. It uses one or more simple machines to create
mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a man. Cranes are commonly
employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for
the movement of materials and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment.

Modern cranes usually use internal combustion engines or electric motors and hydraulic systems
to provide a much greater lifting capability

Truck-mounted crane

A crane mounted on a truck carrier provides the mobility for this type of crane. This crane has two
parts: the carrier, often referred to as the Lower, and the lifting component which includes the boom,
referred to as the Upper. These are mated together through a turntable, allowing the upper to swing from
side to side. These modern hydraulic truck cranes are usually single-engine machines, with the same engine
powering the undercarriage and the crane. The upper is usually powered via hydraulics run through the
turntable from the pump mounted on the lower.

Most cranes of this type also have moving counterweights for stabilization beyond that provided
by the outriggers. Loads suspended directly aft are the most stable, since most of the weight of the crane
acts as a counterweight. Factory-calculated charts (or electronic safeguards) are used by crane operators to
determine the maximum safe loads for stationary work as well as loads and travelling speeds.

4
 Tower crane

Tower cranes are a modern form of balance crane that consist of the same basic parts. Fixed to the
ground on a concrete slab (and sometimes attached to the sides of structures as well), tower cranes often
give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings.
The base is then attached to the mast which gives the crane its height. Further the mast is attached to the
slewing unit (gear and motor) that allows the crane to rotate. On top of the slewing unit there are three
main parts which are: the long horizontal jib (working arm), shorter counter-jib, and the operator's cab.

The long horizontal jib is the part of the crane that carries the load. The counter-jib carries a
counterweight, usually of concrete blocks, while the jib suspends the load to and from the center of the
crane. The lifting hook is operated by the crane operator using electric motors to manipulate wire rope
cables through a system of sheaves. The hook is located on the long horizontal arm to lift the load which
also contains its motor.

Cranes exist in an enormous variety of forms – each tailored to a specific use. Sometimes sizes range
from the smallest cranes, used inside workshops, to the tallest tower cranes, used for constructing high
buildings. For a while, mini - cranes are also used for constructing high buildings, in order to facilitate
constructions by reaching tight spaces. Finally, we can find larger floating cranes, generally used to build oil
rigs and salvage sunken ships.

5
 Road Rollers

Since the effectiveness of a roller depends to a large extent on its weight, self-powered vehicles
replaced horse-drawn rollers from the mid-19th century. The first such vehicles were steam rollers. Single-
cylinder steam rollers were generally used for base compaction and run with high engine revs in a low gear
to promote bounce and vibration from the crankshaft through to the rolls in much the same way as a
vibrating roller.

Road rollers use the weight of the vehicle to compress the surface being rolled or vibrate. Initial
compaction of the substrate on a road project is done using a pad foot drum roller, which achieves higher
compaction density due to the pads having less surface area. On large freeways a four wheel compactor
with pad foot drum and a blade, and are used due to its high weight, speed and the powerful pushing force
to spread bulk material.

Rollers on asphalt were very common once and are still used, but tandem vibrating rollers are the
usual choice now, with the pneumatic tyre roller's kneading action being the last roller to seal off the surface.
Rollers are also used in landfill compaction. Such compactors typically have drums, and do not achieve a
smooth surface. The pads aid in compression, due to the smaller area contacting the ground.

On some machines, the drums may be filled with water on site to achieve the desired weight.
Additional compaction may be achieved by vibrating the roller drums, allowing a small, light machine to
perform as well as a much heavier one. Vibration is typically produced by a free-spinning hydrostatic motor
inside the drum. Water lubrication may be provided to the drum surface from on-board "sprinkler tanks"
to prevent hot asphalt sticking to the drum.

6
 CONCRETE PUMP

Pumping is a very efficient and reliable means of placing concrete, which makes it a very economical method
as well.

Sometimes, a pump is the only way of placing concrete in a certain location. Such as a high rise building, or
large slabs where the chutes of the concrete truck cannot reach where the concrete is needed.

The ease and speed of pumping concrete makes it the most economical method of concrete placement.

Pumps are economical and capable of pumping harsh pea gravel mixes, blend mixes, low volume shotcrete
and even "big rock" concrete.

Concrete pumps have outputs from 20 to 70 cubic m per hour. Commonly used for pumping concrete,
shotcrete, drilling and grouting and caisson construction.

These Ultra High-Performance Pumps are used for the most extreme concrete pumping, high rise building
construction, geotechnical grouting, tunnel construction, structural wall construction, and storage tank
construction.

Mini Pumps are short, skid-mounted trailer pumps, ideal for applications with extremely limited space such
as mining and tunneling, or industrial applications. They can be mounted on trucks or other carriers

7
 Soil compactor

Fields of application: Soil compactors are used for spreading and compaction work on large-scale
construction sites and are designed to compact mixed and cohesive soils in thin to medium layer thicknesses.
Soil compactors can be modified on-site with a choice of wheel types and dozer blades.