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COVID-19 Pandemic and present vulnerable features

Research · June 2020

DOI: 10.1111/1467-9345.00234

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Picasso Kumar Debnath

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
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 COVID-19 Pandemic and present vulnerable features
From the end of last year 2019, the novel coronavirus (known as SARS-CoV-2) has
devastated communities and affected our total health facilities worldwide in a rush. After
doing a lot of research on the virus, its epidemiology, inflectional territory, and possible
treatments have been not the greatest enlightenment, providing new thoughts to develop
and improve both surgical practice and public health recommendations every minutes of
breath.
The purpose to share inventories as a concern of facilities is at the heart of the blueprint
mission and facilitating has been central to the Research Square since its founding. At no
time is this goal more salient in times of public health emergencies. Now I would like and
my determination is to provide the most recent data relevant to the COVID-19 outbreak
and its difficulties to assume the rate analysis in short.

An explainable mortality prediction model for COVID-19 patients

The sudden increase in COVID-19 cases is putting our hope deemed on healthcare services
worldwide. At this stage, fast, accurate and early clinical dialysis of the disease severity is
important aspect and vital ratio. For this purpose, the selected three biomarkers that
predict the mortality of patients more than 10 days earlier with more than 90% accuracy:
lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (H s-CRP).
To ensure and support decision making and logistical planning in healthcare systems, this
study leverages a database of blood samples from around 500 infected patients in the
region of Wuhan, China, to search for crucial predictive researchers of disease mortality.
Particularly, high levels of lactic dehydrogenase seem to play a very crucial role in
distinguishing the vast majority of cases that require immediate medical attention. It is
consistent with current medical knowledge that high LDH levels are associated with tissue
breakdown occurring including pulmonary disorders such as pneumonia. After all, this
paper suggests a simple and operable decision rule to quickly predict patients at the
highest deficiencies, allowing them to be gradually reducing the mortality rate.

Key theme of these theoretical approaches:

The whole health system is saying that there is no currently available diagnostic center
available to distinguish patients that need 24 hours medical attention and to calculate their
all aged mortality rate. The problem is the capacity to identify the people that are at
imminent risk of death has thus become a challenging situation. A mathematical structure
based on high-heart-rate breathing machine learning algorithms had set up to identify the
most dedicated procedure of infant and all aged mortality. The main barrier was suspected
as a regulatory affair, where the system maker included basic information of their travel
history, present symptoms, blood or nasal saliva samples and the results of laboratory
mechanisms including liver and kidney function, coagulation factor, electrolytes balancing
and inflation factors, taken from originally all types and all aged patients, as well as their
conditional changes corresponding to survival or death at the end of the 14 days trial
period. Through generalization, this system aims to reveal the most crucial aspects for
distinguishing patients at low, moderate and higher risk, thereby relieving clinical growth
and diminishing the infant mortality rate from the developing and developed countries.

Data were collected from standard case reports in our laboratory that included
epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and mortality outcome information. The clinical trials
were followed up to 24 February 2020 in Bangladesh. The study was approved by the
Hospital Ethics Committee. The allover medical information of the patients collected
between 10 April and 18 May 2020 were used for model development. Data collecting from
pregnant and breast-feeding women, patients younger and older than 15 years and
recordings with data 70% complete were excluded from the very first consequential
analysis. For 975 patients, fever was the most common initial symptom (39.9%), followed
by cough (18.9%), fatigue mortal (3.7%) and anemia (2.1%). The age distribution of the
patients was 56.93 ± 16.345 years, and 68.2% were male. The epidemiological history
included cluster (8.2%) and health workers and nurses (2.9%) and china laboratory
(33.9%). 975 cases included in the data table,402 recovered from COVID-19 and were
discharged from the hospital, while the remaining 374 died> deceased. Following this, 110
newly discharged or deceased patients were admitted for analysis as an external test
dataset in our own laboratory in Bangladesh.

Fig: Average Number of death pattern in the world

In the whole word data analysis, the significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
(NLR) lactate score in evaluating the predominance and spread of coronavirus China
(Hubei Province). A total of 532 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were
enrolled and divided into two groups. The baseline data analysis, laboratory research,
chest computed tomography (CT) results evaluating and clinical outcomes were from
different source and analyzed in a pattern suggested by WHO. Among 532 patients, 155
(28.94%) cases were divided into severe group, the remaining (n = 377, 71.09%) were
in non-severe group (OR = 3.113; 92%CI = 1.142–4.056; p = 0.012; OR = 2.278;
95%CI = 1.327–3.970; p = 0.003 for LDH > 247U/L).

Fig: NLR lactate score (Sensitivity) VS specificity

The levels of NLR and LDH in serum have risks in the early identification of severe
patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 has been a global pandemic. The mortality rate is
range from 3.5-6.0%. To predict the risk factors of diagnosis of COVID-19, our
laboratory explore the necessity of high blood pressure, diabetics can be a major
concern. Now, we are doing with gene. Genomic analysis has fascinated a high-profile
finding about the sources of the community spread of the coronavirus firstly in the United
States. The disease transmission system are given below-
 Fig: Transmission phase

Coronavirus tests: researchers tries to fight with the pandemic in Bangladesh

Studies that identified the contacts of infected individuals indicates that children are 62%
less likely to get infected than adults when in contact with an infected person. The analysis
shows the census that children have played a minor role than adults in spreading the virus
widespread, but the evidence for this finding is weak.
Clinical and statistical presentation
SARS-COV-2 typically presents with systemic and respiratory problems. Some individuals
infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic and can act as carriers. There are also other
people who experience mild gastrointestinal or cardiovascular symptoms, although these
are much less common

The full spectrum of clinical manifestation of COVID-19 remains to be determined.

Symptoms and signs are -

Common

 Fever (85-90%)
 Cough (65-70%)
 Fatigue illness (30-40%)
 Scrotum production (30-35%)
 Shortness of breath (15-20%)
Less common

 Arthralgia (10-15%)
 Headaches (10-36%)
 Sore throat (15-18%)
 chest pain
Rare cases of COVID-19

 Nausea, vomiting, nasal congestion (<5%), diarrhea (<3%)

 Palpitations, chest tightness (<5%),
 Hemoptysis (<1%)
 seizures, altered consciousness
Various reports suggest patients with the disease may have symptoms of malaria, and those
affected, may have positive viral PCR(Polymer Chain reaction) machine in their conjunctional fluid.

Present of Bangladesh and the solution forfeit:

Main theme is that the clinical presentation in children with COVID-19 is shorter than in
aged people (More than 60%). Symptoms are similar to any acute chest infection,
encompassing most commonly pyrexia, dry cough, sore throat, sneezing, myalgia and
lethargy. WHO has also been noted the situation. Other less common (<15%) symptoms
that are found in children included diarrhea, lethargy, rhinorrhea and vomiting. A recent
report of May 2020 suggests that lesions may also be seen, similar to many other viral
infections. In a cohort of 88 patients, 20% developed skin disease, most commonly an
erythematous rash. Most of the skin abnormalities were being solved in a few days. In
Bangladesh, the present condition and the effect of lockdown are given below in picture
and charts and graph:
Fig: Total Cases , deaths and recovery data
Fig: Quarantined people data
 Fig: Death reduction pattern

Corona virus research updates and final highlights:

We can now say that novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, has been registered as the cause of an
outbreak of respiratory illness that originated around the world. BMDC encourages early
sharing of research submitted to all our journals through preprints, and our In
Review preprint service is available for many journals.

This is a unique strain of RNA viruses that have not been previously observed in humans.
The virus has wide host adaptability and is capable of causing severe diseases in humans,
masked palm civets, mice, dogs, cats, and bats. The SARS-CoV-2 typically causes respiratory
and gastrointestinal sickness in both humans and animals. It can be transmitted through
aerosols as well as during medical cases and the instruments used. Specific structural
protein that is found from Genome analysis by Samir and Sejuti Saha of Bangladesh
(Molecular scientists) which might be found on the surface of the virus, play an important
role in the pathogenesis and development of the complications. The disease has symptoms
that include high fever, chills, cough, and shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing. The
infected people may also present with other symptoms such as diarrhea, myalgia, fatigue,
expectoration, and hemoptysis. The majorly attributed to the restriction in the movement
of the people and the cost associated with the control and prevention of the disease Some
preventive strategies of the disease include stopping the routes of transmission of the
infections used during medical case handling, using personal protective equipment, proper
and early diagnosis of the disease, avoiding contact with the sick patients and quarantine
nature of the infected people.

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