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LAB 1:
ANALOG MULTIMETER
GROUP MEMBERS:
MARKS:
A B C D E F
LECTURER NAME :
SUBMISSION DATE :
1.0 TOPIC : ANALOG MULTIMETER
2.0 OBJECTIVES : After completing this practical, students should be able to;
i) Analog multimeter
ii) Probe
iii) Resistors
4.0 INTRODUCTION:
Analog multimeters are electrical test instruments which are used to measure voltage, current,
resistance, frequency and signal power.
Analog multimeters use a needle along a scale. Switched range analog multimeters are very
cheap but are difficult for beginners to read accurately, especially on resistance scales. Each
type of meter has its advantages. Used as a voltmeter, a digital meter is usually better because
its resistance is much higher, 1 M or 10 M, compared to 200 for an analog multimeter on a
similar range. On the other hand, it is easier to follow a slowly changing voltage by watching
the needle on an analogue display. Used as an ammeter, analog multimeters have a very low
resistance and is very sensitive. More expensive digital multimeters can equal or better this
performance. Most modern multimeters are digital and traditional analog mustimeters are
becoming obsolete.
5.0 THEORY:
a) Analog multimeter (Figure 1.1) is an instrument used to measure the following parameters:
1 1
0
1. Pointer
2. Zero Indicator Corrector
3. Output
9
4. Range selector switch knob
2
5. Negative measuring connector (-)
6. Positive measuring connector (+)
8 7. Range Selector
3 8. Zero ohm adjuster
9. Plat name
7 10. Plate Scale
4
BAND D: TOLERANCE
BAND A
BAND C: MULTIPLIER
BAND B
Black 0 0 0
Brown 1 1 1
Red 2 2 2 1%
Orange 3 3 3
Yellow 4 4 4
Green 5 5 5
Blue 6 6 6
Purple 7 7 7
Grey 8 8 8
White 9 9 9
Gold -1 5%
Silver -2 10%
No Colour -3 20%
The analog multimeter contains many different dials, switches and numbers that can be
confusing if you are not used to reading them. Look over your manual carefully and make sure
you understand the basics. You read the analog multimeter by looking at the position of the
needle.
The analog multimeter gets its readings from two lead wires that are connected to its body.
One of these wires is red and is plugged into the port that reads "Ohms." The black lead wire
should be plugged into the port that reads "Com."
Once the two leads are plugged into the analog multimeter, you should calibrate it so you can
take an accurate reading. Touch the two leads together and see what the needle does. It
should display some sort of reading. Correct the reading to zero. If you cannot do so, record
this number on a piece of paper for future use. ( let say the reading = X) You need to do this
every time, as this reading can change due to atmospheric conditions and moisture.
Every piece of electronic equipment has specifications written on a tag. Whatever the number
is, this is the number you should read when you test the circuit. Remove all other electrical
power from the device before you test it.
Turn on the analog multimeter and set the selector switch to "ohms." Touch the red lead to
the positive portion of the electronic coil or device. Touch the black lead to the negative or
ground wire. The needle on the analog multimeter will jump to register a reading. When it
does, you will want to wait a few seconds for the needle to shop moving.
After the needle stops moving, you can read the number it is pointing to. Write that number
down. (let say the reading = Y) If there was initial reading before you start measuring, make
sure you subtract the number X (step 3) from the reading. ( Actual reading = Y – X)
Table 1.2
READINGS
METER RANGE
A B C D
1000
250
VOLT 50
0.5
0.1
250mA
CURRENT 25mA
50µA
X1
X100
OHM
X1k
X10k
1. Using a given resistor, determine the value of the resistor by identifying the colour codes
and record the value in table 1.3
2. Measure the value of the resistor using analog multimeter and record the reading.
Result :
Table 1.2
8.0 QUESTIONS