~.

BEAM D~GRAMS AND FORMULAS

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS '-""1 .: For various static loading conditions
For various static loading conditions
For meaning ofsymbols, seepage 2-111.
t For meaning ofsymbols, see page 2-lll.

1. SIMPLE BEAM-UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD 4. SIMPLE BEAM-UNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DiSTRIBUTED

wb
Total Equiv. Uniform Load - wi
R, = V, ( max. when a c) < = 2T (2c + b)
wb
R-V .~ t Ro = Vo ( max. when a > c) =2T(2a+b)
2 i R\~-I 1'". Vx ( when x > a and < (a + b») = R,-w (x-a)
1
Vx -wei-x)
M max. ( at x = a + ~1 ) = R, (a + :~)
wl O v,llllih' I Shear I
M max. ( at center ) -8
~
;
V2 Mx e when x < a) = RIX

Mx _ ~x (I-x) = Rtx--'i- (x-a)O

Mx ( when x > a and < (a + b»)
5 wi' = R.(l-x)
L\max. (at center) - 384Ef' Mx ( when x > (a + b») .
wx I ----------­
~x = 241::1 (I' -- 2i~0 + x') r
--- ---------- I
5. SIMPLE BEAM-UNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DiSTRIBUTED AT ONE END
'\
i)
2. SIMPLE BEAM-LOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO ONE END
a_ I
RI = VI max. = ~~ (21-a)
wa a
1/ Total Equiv. Uniform Load = l~~ = 1.0264W Ro = Vo = 2T"'
9,3
" R, = V, . = TW Vx (when x < a) = R1-wx
R,o
Ro = Vo max. =
2W
-3­
Mmax.(atx= :1) = 2W""

v«
W
=T-II""
Wx o V. M x
e when x < a) = R,x-­ 2­
wxo

= Ro (I-x)
Mx (When x > a)
V, * I' I 1TIJ>..-1'J I I I I '" -
I = .5n41 )
M max. ( at x = .,_
,3
2WI
- -----c=
9-013
~ .1283 WI
j.x (When x <a) A
wx ( a O(21-a)0-2ax
= __ 2(21-a)+lx' )
24EII
wao(l-x)
Mx = Wx (IO-xO)
31 0 .:l.x (when x> a) = 24EII (4xl- 2. 2 - a O)

arnax. (atx=I~I-'\)!s-.51931)= .01304 ~:.

~x • = ~
l80Eli0
(3x"-101 0xo+71') 6. SIMPLE BEAM-UNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DiSTRIBUTED AT EACH END
w,a(21-a) +WICo
R1 = V, 21
SIMPLE BEAM-LOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO CENTER woc(21- c) + w,a o
3. Ro = Vo 21
4W
Total Equiv. Uniform Load =-3­

W
R-V -T
\
Vx (when x <f) W
= 2iZ(10-4X O)

! ! D! I I

M~"'I"I
WI

M max .. ( at center ) =-6­

Mx (When x <f) - Wx (~- ~:) .

L\~~X. (at center )
WI'
-6OEf .I \ Moment \

~x ( when x < ~)
Wx
- 480 EI 10 (511-4x l ) '

AMERICAN INSTITUTE -OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

 }
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS T~ BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For various static loading conditions l

I:
2
For various static loading conditions
- ~
Formeanmg 01 symbols, see page 2·111.
For meaning of symbols, see page 2·111.
~

7. SIMPLE BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER

10. SIMPLE BEAM-TWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS

Total Equiv. Uniform Load = 2P

:\X-) UNSYMMETRICALLY PLACED
~

BrD
I R, = V, ( max. when a < b) -- I (I-a +b)
P P
R=V P
=2 --~
I (I-b +a)
'J L
R 1 R. = v.(max. when a > b)
2
RI ,R
PI I Vx (Whenx>aand«l-b») -- ~(b-a)
M max.(at point of load)
=4 I" b
I
r-r-r-

Vi Mx
e when x <
I
2 ) Px
=2
II I ! I " tV 2
MI ( max. when a > b)
( )
~ Rlil

Ma max. when a < b = R.b

anlax. (at point of load) PI'
= 48EI
Mx (when x < a) = R ... x
<~ ) ~~
IIX (
\
.,
wh1!n X
. /
48E:.1 (~l~ - 4,;:::)
Mx (when x > a and < (I-b») = R,x-P(x-a)

8. SIMPLE BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT

I~
11. SIMPLE BEAM-TWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS
;f
/ UNSYMMETRICALLY PLACED
Total Equiv. Uniform Load 8 Pab
= -1-'- P, (I-a) + P.b
R, = V, =---1
Rl = b)
Vs,(maxo when a < =j
Pb
= P,a + Pz (1- b)
R2 Rz = Vz( max. when a > b) 'Pa R. = V. I
-j
M max. ( at point of load) Pab Vx (when x > a and < (1- b») = R, - P,
=-1­
II I I I 'v Mx Pbx
. ' I, I ! ! I I I I I I i (when x < a ) =-1­ V, I I II It j I M, (max. when RI < PI) = R1. a ~
z
11m ax. (atx=~a(a~2b) whena>b) Pab (a + 2b) " 3a (a + 2b)
M. ( max. when R. < P.) = R.b
27 EI I
aa ( at poi nt of load ) Pa'b'
- """"3ETl Mx (when x < a) = R,x
Pbx
Moment .ax (when x < a ) =6ETT (I' - b2 - x')
Moment Mx (when x > a and < (I-b») = R,x-P , (x-a)

9. SIMPLE BEAM-TWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS 12. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHER­
SYMMETRICALLY PLACED UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
8 Pa
Total Equiv. Uniform Load *-1­ Total Equiv. Uniform Load = wi
=~
o//--

R-V
Wt -.,% R 1 = VI . . 8
l: ' T T l R - p
tlllllll!1 ! ling R -V _ 5wl
\ ~;%R2 J - z max. - -8­
M max.( between loads) = Pa ~ v« ... = Rl-WX
_ wl Z
_. -8­
Mx (When x < a) = Px
M max . . .
_ 9
'it
amax. (at center) Pa
= 24EI (31'-4a')
MI (atx = i I) - 128 wi'
2
Mx ..... R1X- wx
-2­
IIx e when x < a) =
Px
6IT (3Ia-3a'-x')
amax. (atx = /6 (1 +"'33) = .42151) =
,J..:"
185ET
IIx ( when x > a and < (1- a») =
Pa
6IT (3Ix-3x' - a') M'~II. wx
.:1)(.. ........• = 48EI (I' - 31x2 + 2x')

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1
 'A• .,iWst
.
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
,.;

For various static loading conditions For various static loading conditions
For meaning of symbols. see page 2-[[[ For meaning 01 symbols. S~ :.~~ 2·:::

13. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHER­ 15. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDS-U~IFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER LOADS
2wl
Total Equiv. Uniform load =-3­
3P
Total Equiv. Uniform load ~2 wi
R-V =2
RI = VI • 5P
-16 Vx = w(f-x)
I' I -I R:z .. Va max. = -.!.!.!. wi'
P 16
M max. ( at ends ) = ""'1"2
M max. (at fixed end) 3PI
wi'
R, = ---,-s M1 (at center) =24
'M I ( at point of load) =~ Mx = 1~ (6Ix-I'-6x')
32
wi"
~max. (
,L
\(, ' M~ (whenx<f) = .5Px
16
at center) - ~~4EI
wx'
Mx (whenx>f) = P (J.­2 -""""16
11X)
~x = 24EI (1- x),

~max. '\J"t ~ - 48EI _,- = .009317 ~

- PI'

1\11, (at x = I .44721) 16. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDS--eONCENTRATED LOAD AT

" 5 EI
CENTER
~x (at poi nt of load)
7PI'
- 768El
Total Equiv. Uniform Load
~x ( when x < f )
Px
= 96EI (31' - 5x')
- P
P
R=V -"2
~x
P
(When x > f ) = 96EI (x-I)' (llx-21) PI
M max.(at center anc !r'!os) -8
P
14. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHER­ Mx (when x < f) = 8 (4x-l)
PI'
CONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT ~ max. (at center) . = 192EI ~
~x f) Px'
RI = VI

R. ~ V.
_
Pb'
=""""2ji""" (a +21)
Pa
2/0 (31'-a')
(when x < = 48EI (31-4x)
d

"

17. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDS--eO:--lCENTRATED LOAD AT

MI ( at point of load) = Ria
ANY POINT
_ Pab
M. - 2/2 (a+l)
(at fixed end)
Rl = VI (max. when a < !:)) =
Pb'
/S(3a+b)
Pal
Mx (When x < a) = Rlx R.=v.(max.when a > b) = /S (a +3b)

V,,* I !._'_' 'II iii ii' iiI .. Mx (Whenx>a) ~Rlx-P(x-a) M1 (max. when I. < b) Pab'
=-,-,­
Pa'b
ernax. "+a') Pa (/' - a')'
( whena<.414Iatx=1 31._a• = JET (31'-a')'
M2 ( max. when a > ::) =-,,-
crnax. (when a > .414latx=1 . "2/+i
. ra) = ~
Pab· ... rrr:
""2T+"i"
Ma ( at point of 1:.. 0 ) -2Pa'b'
--,-,-
Pab'
Mx (Whenx<a) = Rlx--, , ­
Pa'b'
~a ( at point of load) - 12EII' (31 + a) . 2Pa'b'
6omax. ( when a > b .: J. = 3.a;'
23' b ) .
3EI (3a + b)'
Pb'x Pa'b'
~x (When x < a) = 12EI II (3al'-2Ix'-ax') M, 6.a ( at point of I:.a.d )
= 3EII'
~x (When x > a) - ~
12EIl'
(l-x)'(31'x-a'x-2a 21) 6.x ( when x < a) Pb'x'
= 6Ell' (3al-3ax-bx)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEL CeNSTRUCTION

l ~
 BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

;~

IH, BEAM DIAGRAMS HI'W iunIVIULH,)

For various static loading conditions

'1 For various static loading conditions

I For meaning of symbols, see page 2-111.

For meaning of symbols, see page 2-111

21. CANTILEVER BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT

[I 18. CANTILEVER BEAM-LOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY

~I
. Uniform load
Total Equiv.
8Pb
=~t­
= P
1
IiI
hI
TO FIXED END
I R = V • . . = Pb
Total Equiv. Uniform load 8
=3 W
I
R=V

Vx
=W

=W~
'
I I
x ../.....J.__

a
P

-XI --- b----'1I ,~

IiII!
rJ%,%R

M.
)
Mmax. ( . " xed ",,)

(When • > a )
( at free end
_ P<. _.,

~
__ 6EI (31-
Pb
b)

~~~
I'

II
M max. ( at fixed end)
=3
WI
IIII \\ Y /1max, (atpointofload) =
31
(31-3x-b)

II

II
Mx
=372
Wx'
/la
(
whe n x < a
)
.
= 6EI
f ~! _ xl' (3b _ l + x)
1; M1mu.
....:L
/I.
uv
Co when J; :'> a) "' 6EI
~max.
1.
d (at free end) WI'
I; = "i1eT
II _ W
- 6OEi/2 (x'- 51"x+41 1 ) 22. CANTILEVER BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT FREE END

~
)

;i!
;\
19. CANTILEVER BEAM-UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD /<---1
IP

..
Tolal Equiv. Uniform load = gp

R=V = P
Total Equiv. Uniform load . = 4wl

R=V = wi M rna x. (at fixed end) = PI

R

Vx
:= wx
M. = Px
A
M max. ( at fixed end) =~ PI'
2
/lmax, (attree end) =3ET
Mx wx'
- --2­
~x
= ~
6EI
(2/' -3/'x + x')
~ma)(. ( at free end) wi" 0 • • • •

=8Ef
w
/Ix = 24EI (x" - 4/'x + 31") 23. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT
NOT ROTATE AT OTHER-eONCENTRATED LOAD AT DEFLECTED END
20. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT NOT
ROTATE AT OTHER-UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD 1~ Total Equiv. Uniform load = 4P
P

~t I =
_ 8 P
Total Equiv. Uniform load - T wl R R=V
IIi&ffi. PI
R=V = wi M max.( at both ends) =2
Vx = wX
!
wi> M. = p(i-')
M max. (at fixed end) =-3­
Shear
PI'
wi> /lma.. (at deflected end) = 12EI
M I (at deflected end) =-6­

Mx

am ax. (at deflected end)

-i (l'-3x 2 )
wi"
MfIDJn,,~ Moment~f
M mili.
a.
P (I-X)2
12Ei
(I +2x)

= 24EI
w (l'-x')'
/Ix
24EI

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

L:::-I
1
 2·123 .

1 BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For various static loading conditions For various static loading conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 2·111.
For meaning of symbols, see page 2·111.

24. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORT-UNIFORMLY

-t:f· 26. BEAM

R. =
DISTRIBUTED LOAD

v. . .
_ w
- 2f (I'-a')
.;J
k----! -->4-.-<
t- 1
x ~IP
R. = V.

"
~
w
R. = v. + V. = 2f (I +a)' :~
Rz
v. =
_ w
wa
.']
V. - 21 (I' + a')
Vx (between supports) = R.-wx Shear

(for oVerhang) = w (a-x.)

f,.';,. l, a! x = .21
I r r
1 - Ii- )
a-
~
.
8TZ (I + a»(1- a)'
1"

ax.

M. wa'
(at R.) =-2­
""\ 27. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORT-UNIFORMLY
.\

, .~~j
y.
Mx

Mx.
( between su pports)

(for ov~rhang)
= ;;

= i
(I' -

(a-x.)'
a Z - xI) DISTRIBUTED LOAD BETWEEN SUPPORTS
Total Equiv. Uniform Load

R=V.
= wi
wi
=2
I'
= w( ~-x)
ax ( between su pports ) = 2::I/U4.21'X'+/x'-2a'I'+2a'xz)
Vx •
ax. (for oVerhang) = 2~~·1 (4a'I-I'+6azx.-4ax.'+x,I) M max. (at center)
wi'
=-S­

Mx . = ~x (l-x)A
25. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORT-UNIFORMLY V 5wl 4

amax. (at center) = 384EI

DISTRIBUTED LOAD ON OVERHANG

wa' ax = 2:~1 (I' - 21x' + x')
R. = v. =21 wl1xl
ax. = 24EI
R. = V. + V. -- ~
21 (2/+a)
Moment

28. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORT-CONCENTRATED

V•• = wa
LOAD AT ANY POINT BETWEEN SUPPORTS
Vx• (for oVerhang) = w (a - xll Total Equiv. Uniform Load = S~=b
M max. ( at Rz ) wa'
= -2­ R.=v.(max.whena<b). = Plb

waZx R. = v.( max. when a > b) . = Pt

Mx ( between supports ) = ~
M max. ( . I)
at pOInt of oad. Pab
= -1­
VI~IIIIIUII!II!I!~ Mx• (for oVerhang) = i (a - xll' Mx ( when ) x< a
.•
Pbx
= -1­

( betweensupportsatx= ..I)
wazJz wallz ,;" _ .Ia(a+2b) h b) _ Pab (a + 2b) 'o/-3a (a + 2b)
amax. =
.1- ---~- = .0320S - E I amax. ( a t x- ' - - 3 - w en a > -. 27EII
3 lS'o/3EI
1"~~!1_1"~2 Pa Zb 2
amax. ( for overhang at x. = a )
wa'
= 24EI (41 + 3a)
aa ( at point of load) . = 3EiI
P~
ax whenx<a =_-(l'-b'-x')
6EII
wa'x ( )
ax ( between supports ) = 12EIl (iz - x') Pa (1- x)
ax when x > a = 6EII (2Ix-x'-a')
( )
wx.
ax. ( for overhang ) = 24EI (4a'I+6a'x.-4ax.'+x.·) Moment
ax. = 6EiT"
PabXl
(I + a)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1 L-.J
 .......

'f.'
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For various static loading conditions "f

','!<;
For various static loading conditions

Fer meaning of symbols, see page 2·)) L :~v.

11 ;­ For meamng of symbols. see page 2-111.
29. CONTINUOUS BEAM-TWO EQUAL SPANS-UNIFORM LOAD
l
"i
I
I ON ONE SPAN ~'

Total Equiv. Uniform load " 32. BEAM-UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD AND VARIABLE END MOMENTS
R 1=Vl .

R.=V.+V,
R, 2 + -
= V, = ~I M,--1M.
­

R,=V.

""e )' I i 11111 III!! III II'!' 'I Rl = VI = ~2 _ Ml--1­

- M'J:
V,

dj 76
M max. ( at x = 1
!)
R,
V. =w I
( "2 - x
)
+ M, - M.
--1­
1\,1.
Ml (at support R.)
MI ( a t x = Z1 + --w-I-­
M, -M.)
III Mx (When x < I)

;1'U._
\,1
A Ma,. (C.472 I f:,.. 01 ;;.)
= T-
wl2
--z--
M 1 · 1. itt"!:
7-~
{r.;1 -- hJh~:

<"~"
\ 30. CONTINUOUS BEAM-TWO EQUAL SPANS-CONCENTRATED M. = WX
"2 (I - xl + (M'
- --I- M.) x - M,
;;
.J LOAD AT CENTER OF ONE SPAN
,v b(!Olocate . )= ~_IE-_(M' + MZ)+(M' -M.),
~i=~-1 Total Equiv. Uniform load .!!.P Inflection pOints) 4 w wI

It·I~:

8 Moment

. ~ t RI~.~ l R• lR 3 Rl=V,.. .!!.P

32
A. = ~ [XI
24EI
_ (21 + 4M, _ 4M.) x. + 12M, X+ I' _ 8M,L _ 4M.I]

wi wi w w w

,,I
-

II
-I I
R.=V.+V, .!!.P
16

! II i v,
Shear
R,=V. =--W P
3

rd· v. ~P
32
33. BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER AND VARIABLE.lND MOMENTS
M max. (at point of load) . .!!. PI
64
3
II -. M1 (at support R. )
A Max. (0.480 I from Rtl
12 PI
0.015 PP/EI
R, = v, -_ 2.!- + -M,- -- 1M.­
31. CONTINUOUS BEAM-TWO EQUAL SPANS-CONCENTRATED R. = =f _
V. M. - M.
I
LOAD AT ANY POINT
MI (At center) = ~4 _ M,--2-­
+ M.
Rl=Vl ~(4IZ-a(l+a»)
41'
R.
R.=V.+V. ~~ (2IZH (1+ a) ) M. ( When x < '2I ) ;:; ( ZP + -M,- 1
- -M.)
- x - M,

Pab
"11"1111111111 II I I I i!l !I""""""I ;v 3 R.=V.
= -4TJ (I+a) M. ( When x
I)
> "2 P (I
= '2 - x) + 1M, - . Molx - M,

v. = ~(41'+b(l+a})
4[>

M max. ( at point of load) . Pab

- - ( 41'-10 (I+a) )
4[>

Ml (at support R.) Pab

4/Z (l +a) A. ( When x < 2I ) =48EI Px (
31' - 4x-• - 8(1 - x}
-P-I- [M,(21 - x) + M.(l + x»))

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

~ 1 -
_ 1 -------l
 :....-W ~LUL -I .r, I
.....w
....Jir -..a-- ....JiI- ~- -..1.1-. -w- ~-. H
•

..,
I.

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For various static loading conditions

For various static loading conditions

For meaning of symbols, see page 3-127 For meaning 01 symbols, see page 3·127

3~. CONTINUOUS BEAM-THREE EQUAL SPANS-ONE END SPAN UNLOADED

A E', uil
I.,! I ,
11;1
' i . _1 0
RA == 0.383uil Ro = -0.033 iol
I
0.383 wi " 0.033 uil
SHEAR

,-0.0333 W!2
~ , I '

"' Max. (0.430 I from A) = 0.0059 wl'/EI A Max. (0.475/ from E) = 0.0094 wl'jEI
:.:;, 35. CONTINUOUS 8EAM-THREE EQUAL SPANS-END SPANS LOADED 38. CONTINUOUS BEAM-FOUR EQUAL SPANS-LOAD FIRST AND THIRD SPANS
~
~,., At
~I

I 'i J,.~' I lC ; ':t o wi

i I " , A r wi
I !I i 1 8 I Jt
wi
'I' , 1E
r."
RA = 0.450 uil
h-----.
Re = 0.550 wi
I
Rc = 0.550 uil
~
Ro = 0.450 uil.
0.446
RA == 0.446 ui] R B
u./ 0.018 wi
= 0.572 wi Rc == 0.464 wi
0.482 wi'
R E = -0.054 uil
- 0.054 wi
~$ 0450 wi 0.550 wlb:--------.-...
SH~AR I ~0.550WI I ~0.450wl SHEAR I ' 10.554 wi :
~ I 1"\ ,..,r::,., _ r" , I -0.0536 wl 2 -0.0357 tul? -0.0536 uil?
! +0.1013 wl 2 +0.0996 wl2 Anlllllilli l.l +0.0805 w1 A! 2
j I

"lL rill
";: MOMENT \'''-l!.lL-U
I 0.450 I O~811
r: i"""~ " Ii
"' Max. (0.479 / from A or 0) = 0.00'!9 wl'lEI
. c ' ' _,,' ~ M~~. (0.4n / fromA) = ,O.OO91. w/·/EI

36. CONTINUOUS BEAM-THREE ,EQUAL SPANS-ALL SPANS LOADED

39.

:~ A f: ' i!
wi
I' I ,f,S
u:1
I" J~ ., t :t o
II
wi
!I i II j

RA = 0.400wi Ra == 1.10wi Rc == 1.10 wi Ro = 0.400 wi

:~:'OWI~ ~
',;'-"
'f1

:.bOOWi ~0.500 wi

MOMENT .Y~

.:<~

" Mal. (0.446 I from A or OJ = 0.0069 wl'jEI A Mn. (0.440 / from A and E) = 0.0065 wl"/D

.;;';;J\

.~

;:1
l~ AMERICAN INSTlruTE OF STEEL Coxsrxucrros
AMERlc,\N TNSnnn-C OF STEEL CONSTRUcnON
 ,
r
~- ~
I ,-
~
1011- .LI.-
......-
I.~
......., ----
1.,_
..._..-
I
--
I
~---.a-.-.-I
--
I I I ............

- - --1,r--­
I I ,
.......... I , n II
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I • -- 15

I
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various concentrated moving loads
Design properties of cantilevered beams
The values given in these formulas do not include impact which varies accordinc to the
Equal loads, equally spaced
requirements of e2ch case. For meaning of symbols, see page 3.127
No. Spans System
40. SIMPLE BEAM--0NE CONCENTRATED MOVING LOAD
"'1
2 .. \i9 ~o ® ~A

t=J
' -~, P Rl max. =- v, max. (at x ~ 0 )
A B ..

- p

R, JR,
M max. (a.t point of load, when x - f) -4
PI
~\19
r·"
c~
'&J
-.-
~. ~
<&J ~
. !~, 0 0
3
"'1 ~,-
..
A ® ~c
E '51 bt¥'
E ~
~
A

SIMPLE BEAM-TWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED MOVING- __

41.
"°1 r'- ......
LOADS 4 .
A '&J ~o\l9o~
f G ~
'$"6 0 ®~
(a.t x ... - P(2- 7)
J
RI max. = Vi max. 0 )

r·'" cgJ c$':~ [~

~·1

,.J''9-'~J ~ @
o~ ~o
I:hen a < (2 - V2) I - .5861 0 H . H \l9 0 St
-.,
.~
~ nder 1at • - ~ (I_i-) -;'(I-i-r 5
"°10 r'-''WI rO~

~--I M max.
load
.
A @
t$' F ee;:/ 0 a '~
~.,
! o\~)O
~
F '~
..•
j
., { when a > (2 - V2) I - .5861
r:;th one load at center of spa)
t~e2se 40) ~ -""4
PI
~6
'Y'"°10 \&) 0r'-iW;a ~1 I~ (
i
~
,even) ..
A \19 F &- e 0 ~ 0 ~ ~
{~:
•
0
0
'&
.
C

'. ,2. SIMPLE BEAM-TWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED MOVING

r·~
-1- -1_
~f1 r:i;; ~1
'6" 1'0\50'~
:i ,~ c ~ :r Cl
:! LOADS
~7 ~I&J 0 H H \9 H
0 :6
H ~ 0 ~ t
(odd)
.. -:1
~
r'-'Wi ~io cgJ cr~ r$-l0\5)0-6-'€F0 ..•
Pi> Pz Ri rn a x. =' VI max. (
at x )
.... 0 - I-a
Pl+PZ-
I
- A ® IF C\&JO a ~ H H ~ G .~.

r-~~o-'1p, . .I. .
R, 2 3 l :,
[underPl.atx-~(I- P1P~ap2)] _ (P.+P,) x; n ee

R
l I-J M max. 1M
m ax. may occur with largej
{ lo a d at center of span and other
L~oad ott span (ease -40)
P,I

4
_
Typical
Span
Loading
wfiffJdJ
~ p

LLJ LLU UllJ UJJJ3

.; .; p p .; J P P P J l'P?P?J

VI M1 0.086 x PL 0.167 x PL 0.250. PL 0.333. PL 0.429 x PL

c Ml 0.096 x PL 0.188. PL 0.278 x PL 0.375 x PL 0.480 x PL
'0E" M3
M.
0.063
0.039
x
x
PL
PL
0.125 x PL
0.083 x PL
0.167 x PL
0.083. PL
0.250. PL
0.167 x PL
0.300 x PL
o 17\ x PL
GENERAL RULES FOR SIMPLE BEAMS CARRYING MOVING
::::;; 0.051 x PL 0.104 x PL 0.139xPL 0.208 x PL 0.249 x PL
M~
CONCENTRATED LOADS

A 0.414 x P 0.833 x P 1.250 x P 1.667 x P 2.071. P

II> 8 1.172xP 2.333 x P 3.500 x P 4.667 x P 5.857 x P
k---I 'I The maximum shear due to moving concentrated load. c C 0.438 x P 0.875 x P 1.333 x P 1.750 x P 2.200 x P
OCCurs at one support when one of the loads is at that support.
.g 2.125 x P 3.167 x P 4.250 x P 5.300 x P
rc.~4 0 1.063 x P
., I

R,!
Pl(i)l+
J!j
-.DP2
l-i R,
With several moving loads, the location t h a t will produce maxi­

mum shear ·must be determined by trial.

The maximum bending moment produced by moving con­ '"
a:
u
<1l E
F
1.086 x P
1.109 x P
2.167 x P
2.208 x P
3.250 x P
3.333 x P
2.917xP
4.333. P
4.417 x P
3.917 x P
5.429. P
5.557 x P
4.871 x P
centrated toads occurs under on., of the loads when that toad G 0.977 x P 1.958xP
r-'-'I~lD is as far from one support as the center of gravity of all the
mo v ing loads on the beam is from the other support.
H 1.000 x P 2.000 x P 3.000 x P 4.000 x P 5.000 x P

a 0.172 xL 0.250 xL 0.200 xL 0.182 xL 0.176xL

ILrtirtIrrnIDitJ
<II
In thOe accompanying dhttdram, the maximum bending .... c
"
., moment oec u-s under load P 1 when x - b . It should also be "'0 b 0.125 xL 0.200 xL 0.143 xL 0.143 xL 0.130 x L
noted that this condition occurs when the center line of the >.- 0.333 xL 0.250 x L 0.222 x L 0.229 x L
Moment span is midway between the center of gravity of loads and the _c
",II> C 0.220 xL
n e ar es t concentra ted load. 0; Q) d 0.204 xL 0.308 xL 0.231 xL 0.211 xL 0.203 x L
cE
<1l._ e 0.157 xL 0.273 xL 0.182 xL 0.176 xL 0.160 x L
ua f 0.147 xL 0.250 xL 0.167 xL 0.167 xL O.ISO x L

,(;;Jfi ~
AMERICAN INSTITIiTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION AMERlCAN INslTTUTE OF STEEL CONSTllUcnON
.. ..:..
,
. .
 ­ -- ... .... ..... ....
J. 128
.Aw ..L.J ..L. J .~
........ - J . '.
'"--oil "
-...I ..-. _ II _ I _•- - "
• c, •

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

Frequently used formulas Table of Concentrated Load Equivalents
The formulas given below are frequentlv required in structural designing They are included

herein for the convenience of those engineers who have infrequent use for such formulas
,
and hence may lind r efcr cnce necessary. Variation from the standard nomenclature on page
Seam Fixed One End
3·127 is noted.
Simole Beam Supported at Other Beam Fixed B-Jth Ends
n Loading CoeH
BE:\~IS

Flexural stress at extreme fiber:

A. ... .... &I I

f = Mcll = ~I'S
a 0.1250 0.0703 0.G417
Flexural stress at Jny lit>er:
b - 0.1250 0.0833
f =' Myl1 y = dist ance from ncutr al a~j~ io fiber.
c 0.5000 0.3750 -
A \'crag~ vertical shear ((,c"r maximum see b~10W):
v = VIA = \. dt (for beams and girders)
" W~ d
e
-
0.0130
0.6250
0.0054
0.5000
0.0026
f 1.0000
1.0000 0.6667
Horizontal shearing srre s; at any section A·.~:
g 1.0000 0.4151 0.3000
\ = VOllb 0 = statica] moment about the neutral axis of the entire sec­
tion of that portion of the cross-section Ivin~ outside of a 0.2500 0.1563 0.1250
section A·A. . •
b = width at section A·A
b - 0.1875 0.1250
Intensity of vertical sr.e ar is equal to that of horizontal shear acting norrr.al to it at the

p
c 0.5000 0.3125 -
----L­
I
same point and bor': are USUJlly a maxirnurn lH mid-height of be arn.)
2 d - 0.6875 0.5000
e 0.0208 0.0093 0.0052
Shc ar and deflection at "ny point:
f 2.0000 1.5000 1.0000

f
d"v
EI-' =\1
dx~ .
x and yare abscissa and ordinate respectively 0:::; point on the s 0.8000 ', 0.4770 0.4000
neutral axis. referred to axes 01 recranzular coordinates
through a selected point of support. ­ a 0.3333
0.2222 0.1111
I First integration g;\'e; slopes: second imegralion gives deflections. Constants of integra­
- 0.3333 0.2222
b
tion must be dererr-med. i c 10000
0.6667 -
p p
CO:\TI:\rous BEAI\IS i the theorem of three moments)
3 d - 1.3333 1.0000

L.,.
rutorru load:
,I.
,,1, -- - 2\1,,\ -
II, I.)
-!- --" • ~I,
/,
-'- = - -'("'1/;' ""(')
-- - -'-' --LL e
I
0.0355 0.0152
2.6667
0.0077
1.7778
l, . :, I: I~ .j I, I: 2.6667
g 1.0222 0.4381 0.3333
Concentrated loads:
"1 II.?" ("
-r _lYl~ - -:- -
I:) +;\II~
.: - _- -- - - + -a ) - -
p,a,b,(, l p~a:b:ll'
- - b:) ­
a 0.5000 0.2656 0.1875
IV ;1 -
I, 1, I: r, I, I, I: I~
b - 0.4688 0.3125
Considering any two consecutive spans in any continuous structure:
p p p c 1.5000 1.0313 -
-
~I,. M... M, = moments at Ie It, center lind right supports respectively. of any pair of

I, and I~
adjacent spans.
= length of left and righ: spans. respectively. of the pair.

4
iLL d
e 0.0495

I. 9688
0.0209
1.5000
0.0104
f 4.0000 3.7500 2.5000
I, and I, = moment of inertia of left and right spans. respectively.
= load per unit of length on left and right spans. respectively. g 0.9500 0.4281 0.3200
h.'1 and ;....,
P, and P,' = concentrated loads on left and right spans. respectively. 0.6000 0.3600 0.2000
a, and a~' =' distance of concentr ated loads from left support. in
a
left and ri~ht spans. respectively.
b - 0.6000 0.4000
b , and b~ = distance of c-oncenlraled loads from right support in p p p p
c 2.0000
1.4000 -
left and right spans. respectively.
5 d - 2.6000 2.0000
The above equations are for beams with moment of inertia constant in each span but
differing in 'different spans. continuous over three or more supports. By "Titing such an
---lilL e
f
0.0630
4.8000
0.0265
4.8000
00130
3.2000
equation for each successive pair of spans and introducing the known values (usually zero)
of end moments. all other moments can be found. g 1.0080 0.4238 03120

Maximum positive moment (kip-tt.):

Equivalent Simple span uniform load (kips)
'J# axPxL
f XP
:1 Maximum negative moment (kip-it.):

bxPxL

Dettection coen. for equivalent simple

span uniform load: g
;1.:; Pinned end reaction (kips): c X P
Number of equauoac spaces; n
:;.;:. Fixed end reaction (kips): d x P
Span 01 beam (It.): L
..~
Maximum deflection (in.): e X PI] /EI
Soan 01 beam (in.): I
~s AMERICA." INSTlTUT'E OF STEEL CO~STRUCTlON
~ '.'",.,... ~ Ixsrrnrrr; QF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1- I