This report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 23.AA.0011 ao American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10 Speed of Sound in Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon Gases July 23, 2002 DRAFT Prepared by Transmission Measurement Committee AGIA American Gas Association AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 14. Introduction 1.4 Scope This document contains detailed information for precise computation of sound speed in natural gas and other related hydrocarbon gases. Procedures are included for computation of several related gas properties, including heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy and the critical flow coefficient, C*. Procedures for computing other natural gas properties such as volumetric heating value and relative density fall outside of the scope of this report and are not included. 1.2 Background This is the first AGA document on speed of sound. It is based on a large database of high accuracy basic physical property research data obtained through research sponsored by the Gas Research Institute in cooperation with the American Gas Association, the American Petroleum Institute and Groupe Europeen de Recherches Gazieres (GERG). The methods presented in this AGA document utilize high accuracy calculation procedures and related equations of state already implemented by AGA, API and } Iso. ‘The methods in this document are extensions to AGA Transmission Meaurement Committee Report No. 8, Compressibllity Factors for Natural Gas and Other Hydrocarbon Gases. This document contains direct references to Report No. 8, but does not provide the full content of the report. Users of this report are advised to have a copy of Report No. 8 at hand when implementing the methods of Report No. 10. For continuity and ease of application, the original AGA Report No. 8 solution methods have been carried forward with little change. Computer code development for Report No. 10 will be modest and incremental to most existing code. 1.3. Field of Application High accuracy sound speed information is needed in a variety of gas flow measurement applications, such as ultrasonic meters and critical flow nozzies, as well as analytical applications such as transducers and densitometers. This report provides the information needed to compute the speed of sound of natural gas and related hydrocarbon gases. The equations utilized are consistent with AGA Report No. 8, API MPMS Chapter 14.2 and ISO Standard 12213 Part fa AG “American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Nanurat GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 1.4 Types of Properties The methods in this document may be used to compute a number of gas properties including speed of sound, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity and critical flow coefficient. In conjunction with the methods in AGA Report No. 8, procedures can be developed to support a variety of applications including sonic nozzles, compressor efficiency, and heat exchanger calculations. 1.5 Types of Gases This report is intended for natural gases and other related single and multi- component gas mixtures. The methods can be applied for temperatures from -430° C to 200° C (-200° F to 400° F) at pressures up to 138 MPa (20,000 psia). Use of the calculation method is not recommended within the vicinity of the critical point or in the liquid phase. Table 1 contains the ranges of gas mixture characteristics consistent with this report and its parent document, Report No. 8. ‘Quantity Normal Range Expanded Range | Felatve Dendy OSSD oars Gross Hesing Vale Fre Ha Buee Tie 1900 ae Gross Heating Value 48,7 to. 45.1 Mim? 0.0 to 66 Mim? Matas (70%) #010 1000 201 1009 Nirosen 20800 2010 1000 Tatoon Orde 3070309, Baw 1000 Etae cate 102 aoe 1009 Propane e040 Gai 25 Butanes cows 20169 Penis aawos e040 Fernes | o9%02 Tt Daw Pat ‘elu 0.01002 | 0.01030 Trios | Gow 10 | Taw 1008 Garben Monanide | 001030 T ante 30 ‘argon T 00 I DOLD eee Oneen FEO T_ Doma Water 9.05 T 0. z nt Table 4 Nominal Range of Natural Gas Cheracteristics 2.0 Uncertainty ‘The uncertainty of calculated speed of sound depends on natural gas temperature, pressure and composition. The uncertainties of speed of sound § - AGA American Gas Associetion AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. methods were evaluated by comparing calculated values to experimental measurements of the speed of sound from GRI's natural gas reference quality data base. Calculations were compared with experimental measured values for a number of gravimetrically prepared natural gas mixtures, each chosen to represent natural gas samples occurring globally. The measurements conducted by GRI demonstrate that the average uncertainty in the speed of sound is within 0.1% for the following natural gas systems: + Methane, for pressures up to 17 MPa (2500 psia) and temperatures between 250 K and 350 K (-10° F and 165° F). + Gulf Coast, Amarillo and Ekofisk gases for presures up to 12 MPa (1750 psia) and temperatures between 250:K and 350 K (-10° F and 165° F). Statistical analyses of the differences between calculated and experimental values were performed to evaluate the uncertainties in the calculated speed of sound values. Statistics were calculated using the following equations where N is the number of data points: (2.1) (2.2) (2.3) rig i Sid Dev.=| Yar, ~sus}] (2.4) (2.5) (2.6) 4 i AGA American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Where: Waa = relative percentage difference between calculated and experimental speed of sound Weats = Wer for ? data point (Werloas = maximum value of Wer Weac = calculated speed of sound Wore = experimental speed of sound AAD = average absolute deviation BIAS = bias Sto.Dev. = standard deviation RMS = root mean squared deviation Max.Dev, = maximum value of Wa aAghn American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 3.0 Symbols Bar First partial derivative of B wrt T Bla Second partial derivative of B wrt T afar First partial derivative of Z wrt T 22 /ar? Second partial derivative of Z wrt T a] ap First partial derivative of Z wrt p p Molar density « Isentropic exponent B Second virial coefficient cp Constant pressure heat capacity (real gas) Cp? Constent pressure heat capacity (ideal gas) cv Constant volume heat capacity (real gas) H Enthalpy (real gas) He Enthalpy (ideal gas) M, Molar mass PL Contract base pressure P; Absolute pressure at flowing conditions R Universal gas constant s Entropy (real gas) s Entropy (ideal gas) w Speed of sound Zy Compressibility at contract base conditions Pb, Tb Zz Compressibility at flowing conditions Pf, Tf 3.1 Overview of Calculation Methods ‘The speed of sound is related to the compressibility of a gas and can be computed from its fundamental physical property relationships. The information contained in this report, in combination with the information provided in AGA Report No. 8, is needed to implement the AGA speed of sound calculation The method used in this report utilizes a detail characterization of the gas composition, i.e., a reliable gas analysis. As such, implementation is limited to methods provided in the AGA Report No. 8 Detail Characterization Method. 5 ach ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 3.2 Except where noted, all computations are performed in metric units. For conversions to other unit systems, users are referred to applicable documents by AGA, API and others. Pure fluid ideal gas heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy are computed from equations given by Aly and Lee[3], with the additions given by McFall[2]. The originally published constants and units of measure have been preserved for this set of equations, necessitating conversion from thermochemical calories to joules. In this report, real gas heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy are solved through numerical integration, applying 10 point Gauss Kronrod quadrature. Alternative solution methods are feasible but users are advised to carefully evaluate the potential impact on accuracy and robustness. Several partial derivatives are solved during computation. Three of these (Z/0T, #2/d0*, dZ/dp) are solved using the approach given in AGA Report No. 8 for subroutine 'ZDETAIL'. Two other derivatives, 48/21 and 3*B/d1" are solved as minor additions to subroutine ‘B’, also given in AGA Report No. 8. Compliance To be compliant with this AGA Report, a computational solution by this or any other method must demonstrate agreement within 50 parts per million of the sound speeds given in Section 7. Other tables of computed values are given in Section 7 for computational checks but a compliance level is not specified. § AGA ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 3.3 3.4 Overview of the Calculation Sequence for Speed of Sound The general procedure for computing speed of sound is: 1. Input the contract base temperature (Tb), contract base pressure (Pb), the operating temperature (Tf), operating pressure (Pf) and gas analysis. 2. Calculate the molar mass of the mixture, 3. Calculate the compressibility and density of the fluid at the conditions of interest. 4. Calculate the ideal gas constant pressure heat capacity at the operating temperature. 5. Calculate the real gas constant volume heat capacity at the operating conditions. 6. Calculate the real gas constant pressure heat capacity at the operating conditions. 7. Calculate the ratio of heat capacities, Cp/Cy, at the operating conditions. 8. Calculate the speed of sound, based on the results of the preceding steps. 9. Calculate the isentropic exponent, «. Equations for Speed of Sound The speed of sound is derived from thermodynamic relationships. The relationships include the compressibility factor, density, ratio of specific heats, molar mass and the partial derivative of the compressibility factor with respect to the density at a constant temperature. The basic speed of sound relation can be expressed as: en) The isentropic exponent may be expressed in terms of its relationship to the speed of sound: (3.2) American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. The quantities Cv and Cp are the constant volume and constant pressure heat capacities of the gas. 2(z) 1) aS), (3.3) (3.4a) (3.4b) The pure fluid constant pressure ideal gas heat capacity is computed as: , e Z fr r / cease —2/T See +62 +1 JIT sinh(D/T | cosh(F/T) sinh(#/T)| "| cosh(J7 (35) ‘The pure fiuid ideal gas enthalpy is computed as: H? = A+BT+CDeoth(D/T)- EF tanh(F /T)+ GH coth(H /T)— IJ tanh(J/T) Aces American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed af Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. American Gas Association (3.8) The pure fluid ideal gas entropy is computed as: S° =K+ Bin(T)+C{(D/T) coth(D/T) —In(sink(D/T))] ~E((F/T) anh(F /T)—In(cosh(F /7))] +G[GH/T)coth(H /T)~In(sinh(H/7))] = I[(F/T)tand(J 17) ~in(cosh(J/7))] (3.7) The coefficients for computing the ideal gas constant pressure heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy are given in Table 2. Component | A » |e | o e|re|lefw |r|. x cra | aarrew | Tesase | seit | voor | saasre “Gaoaer | vores | sareor| woos | anaes wa [ ssaasaz | acssar | ozransa| cones | ozorare] saosen] tram | aaace| 0 | too | saeen con | aaraor | aeszer [aecass | soon | aeesee | aooaza| oven | soorce | araaso |aierae | saver 7 -s7s24e | 7.98139 | 24.3868 | 782220 | 3.62990 72.845 | 8.44724 | 1020.13 Tae | aD 22.4010 ca | searai | eras | svoem | resaca | esos | sasm | asses | weave [situa | waste | anos v20 | ~arras | varies | eavore | asrzms | acco [veer] 0 | oo | © | woo | sau was | ocase | Tawsan | acme | saneor | accsie | eevee [ eaves | weiss | aancar| vonas | aster va | ssa | aeeran | seas [taeces [orn [emeas] a | wo | © | | tows co -2753.4a | e.seess | 202461 | 1841.22 | o.o9e77s | 3674.81 oO 100, 0 roo | 6.23987 oz | saoras | aseaoz | aaooia | asses | save [veers] 0 | wo | 0 | wo | osono | ear | wave | seam | vere | aren [woos] 0 | wo | 0 | mo | san nce -T2e7a.e | 1ae3e3 | 57.4178 | 1792.73 | seeso9 | atets1 o 100, o | 45.1938 ves | -sisues | araaer [raseio | vvones | a7oser | reasco| 0 | 0 | 0 | soo | saan wes | saeus2 | mania | eosres | wom | erm [oue| 0 | wo | 0 | wo | aan nce | -esoeas | maze | sows | eso | cease [ousom | 0 | wo | © | wo | ame wer | ssaes foaese fecase [ comme [ronan | 0 | mw | 0 | w | som | wea | oars | saaeer | oazes | weress | earere |veeaar| 0 | wo | © | oo | weno wes | -vzases | soaoie | rinse | vesous | eoscis | reise} 0 | wo | @ | 0 | aes wore | ~aiece | aaviea | aarra | vecsns | sozuss [vasa |@ | veo |e | too) amano we | wane | sewer |e] 7 @ |e | w]e | wo | sae aca AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natura! GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. wee | 10 | sane [aware [aan] o ° 7 7 Calculation Coefficients for Heat Capacity, Enthalpy and Entropy Table 2 The basic equation for the compressibility factor, from AGA Report No. 8, is: +2 - oy Cr+ > CT (0, -c,k,D* )D" exa(-c,D") Z=1+ 2.8) where is vo : Ba Da DY nx By KK) By 3.9) The first partial derivative of Z with respect to T D oa) ZF sD u,cr (Se), Su.czrt%G, -c,k,D"D* exb-e,D*) (3.10) where £ (2) - ua," Eas, En (KK,}B, (3.94) The second partial derivative of Z with respect to T is: (3.12) u 4 AGA American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. : where ¢ ne | = u(u, tad YY x EP KF By \ fafa (3.13) The first partial derivative of Z with respect to pis: (2 =x Sors|+ yor (c,a2D" op), |LK m 27 “ a + D017 (b, -6,k,D* b,D® exp(-c,D*) Ea ‘s ; ~ Ler (b,-e,k,D* )D* ek, Do a (o.14) 2 AGIA ‘American Gas Association [AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural Gas- This report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 4 Characteristics of Typical Gases This section contains graphical representations of thermodynamic properties relevant to this document. Five different gas mixtures are explored, in terms of speed of sound, critical flow coefficient and isentropic exponent. Each characteristic is mapped, as a function of pressure and/or temperature. The gas mixtures below match the examples given in AGA Report No. 8, Second Edition. The Amarillo, Gulf Coast, Ekofisk, High N2 and High CO2 mixtures represent a range of commercial quality natural gases found throughout the industry. Component | GuifCoast | Amarillo Ekofisk HighN2__| High CO2 Methane 96.5222 90.6724 85,9063 81.4410 81.2140 | Nitrogen’ 0.2595) 31284 7.0068 13.4860 8.7020 Carbon 0.5956 0.4876 1.4954 0.8850 7.5850 | Dioxide Ethane 1.6166 45278 | 8.4919 3.3000 4.2080 Propane 0.4596 0.8280 | 29015 0.6050 0.8960 | Butane 0.0877 o1037 | 0.3486 0.4000 01810 | n-Butane 0.1007 0.1663 | 0.3508 0.1040 0.4520 i-Pentane 0.0473 oosz1 | 0.0508 10.0000 0.0000 tePentane 0.0324 0043 | 0.0480 0.0000 0.0000 n-Hexane 0.0664 0.0383 | 0.000 ‘0,000 0.0000 Table 3 Composition of Typical Gases j : AGA. ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Natura! GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. on ig 2 msn 602 omens ES | eon speed tus) tamperstuca aegroesF) Figure 1 Sound Speed at 1200 psia as @ Function of Temperature i fm] i sx | i es, > Figure 1b ‘Sound Speed at 8:27 MPa as a Function of Temperature 4 14 AGA “American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 00 ° x0 on or co 1009 1700 soot pressure (pia Figure 2 Sound Speed at 32° F as a Function of Pressure 20 sound speed es) absolute pressure (Pe) 4 Figure 2b Sound Speed at 0° C as a Function of Pressure if § AGA American Gas Assot AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Fe] esa aot | een ne tamporaare ogres Figure 3a Critical Flow Coefficent, C*, at 1000 psia as 2 Function of Stagnation Temperature erent —— — ragnne me tign co 00 soo 280 x0 08 ma woo temperate degrers CI Figure 3b Critical Flow Coefficent, C*, at 6.9 MPa as a Function of StagnationTemperature 6 16 AGA. American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. leeniop: exponent eR cea — = 02} Figure 4a {7 sannRBIAAGSEERRERABRRSRnaEEneeeeenes 20.0 | 0.0 | 600.09 coc ——«tocon «70000 absolute pressure (pa) Isentropic Exponent at 32° F as a Function of Pressure: sas aac ae Sen |Seessen con 009 Figure 4b y AGA to ae~=CiaasSCamSSC SCS secure prssure (MPa) Isentropic Exponent at 0° C as a Function of Pressure w7 ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA, 5 References [1] A.G.A. Transmission Measurement Committee Report No. 8, Second Edition, Second Printing, July, 1994. [2] RL. McFall, Sonic Nozzle Flow Calculations for Natural Gas Using A Generalized Equation of State, Ph.D. Thesis, The University Of Oklahoma Graduate College, 1984. [3] FA.Aly, LLL. Lee, SeifConsistent Equations for Calculating the Ideal Gas Heat Capacity, Enthalpy and Entropy, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 6 (1981) 169-179. [4] LM. Ryan, Sonic Nozzle Mass Flow Calculations, Kaybob South No. 3 Meter Prover, Internal Document, Nova Corporation, August 1994. [5] The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME/ANSI MFC-7M-1967, 1987. AGA American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 6 Computation Flow Charts Extending the calculation process of AGA Report No. 8, the method for calculating speed of sound, enthalpy and entropy can be summarized by the following flowchart color codes esi ‘orginal AGAS! || OSSortnee eat iiaize tables of (PN conwtants {AGB function [AGAR furtlon ‘AGA function péetal J AGAB function AGA function eet | ‘etal [AGA function relative deraty Figure 5 Flowchart of Sound Speed Calculation Procedure : acs American Gas Association AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. The calculation sequence for the critical flow function C* is an extension of the algorithms for sound speed, enthalpy and entropy. Applying procedures aligned with those of ASME standard MFC-7M, thermodynamic changes are predicted for the acceleration of gas from the plenum to the throat of a critical flow nozzle. An assumption is made of one-dimensional flow, isentropic and adiabatic. At the discretion of the user, this method may be enhanced to account for non-zero gas velocity in the plenum. czergute scaly suey an son “ved a plenam Poe conpaeray sempre nd ‘rows sen cw eine | Satter | -— shear Figure 8 Diagram of Critical Flow Function Calculation 6 20 AGA ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in. Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 7 Calculation Output for Program Verification Purposes 71 Detailed Output Results for Generic Calculation The following calculation scenarios provide detailed intermediate and output data for three specific sets of input conditions. The purpose of this data set is to facilitate computer program development. TAA Input Composition Pressure Temperature Output Molar Density Mixture MH : compressibility Factor QT F2/a0" a/ ap Bor : Bar" cp (ideal gas} cp (real gas} cv (real gas) Isentropic exponent Sound Speed specific Enthalpy : Specific Entropy ct 4 AGA American Gas Association Detailed Output Result #1 Pure Methane @.000 MPa (1160,3019 ps 20.0% ¢ (68.08 F) 3.79174963 moles/m3 16.9430000 kg/kg-mol, o.ass623022 0.001370797803, 08884683127e-005 -0. 02602822374 0. 000396784069 -3.34719916156e-006 21437395 kI/kg-mol.K 85910318 KI/kg-mol.K 78380108 -42527799 432.944437 528.977205 9.09479139 0.732987437 nis kag ko/ko-K 2 AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be co} d, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 7.1.2 Detailed Output Result #2 Input Composition Pressure Temperature Qutput volar Density Mixture Mi compressibility Factor azar F2/at a dp OB 2? B/ ar Cp (ideal gas) cp (real gas) cy (real gas) Zsentropic exponent + sound Speed Specific Enthalpy : Specific Entropy Amarillo 4,000 MPa (80.15095 psie) 10.08 ¢ (50° F) 87396178 moles/n3 17.8955108 kg/kg-mol 9 -90666330 000084934112, 7 3765250161e-6 ~0.0642939010 000047962844 -4.28080973912-006 2.06022026 2,.40012323 1.64514832 12.32534554 400.971266 499.357777 881959685 0.704300923, ke /kg-mol ko /kg-mol-K kd /kg-mol nis ka kg-mol ka /kg-nol-KThis report is the property of AGA and is part of Its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 7.1.3 Detailed Output Result #3 Input Composition : Hypothetical 21 Component Methane Nitrogen Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide oxygen, T-Butene: neButane ‘i=Pentane me Sentane n-Hexane noHeptang n-Octene aeDecane’ Beliem Argon Presdure 76,000 MPa (670.2264 psial Temperature 40.0° ¢ (104.0° F) Output volar Density 2.62533592 moles /m3 mixture 160 : 4780144 kg/kg-mol compressibility Factor : 0.877763047 Qa 0.o0120251388 F2/[ar* 8. 7236464045e-605 Hap =0.0375423163, 2B/ar 00004594320 3?B/ at? : ~3.776948019e-006 Rea /kgemol.K ka/kg-mol.K cp (ideal gas) cp (real gas) cv (real gas): ——1.73737369 k/kg-mol.K Isentropic exponent + 1.30639609 gound Speed 1 392.814886 m/s Specific Enthalpy : 508.600897 kJ/kg-mol specific Entropy 8.22432356 KI/kg-mol.& e 0.710733969 r 2 AGA "American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. 7.2 Tabled Results for Compliance Checking and Program Development The following tables were generated with the alogrithms described in this report. The numerical resolution provided is adequate for compliance checking but does not reflect the uncertainties inherent in the solution method itsef. 4 24 AGA American Gas Association AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Nanwral GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Speed of Sound (Ww) English units ‘Temperature | Pressure Gpeed of Sound (ft/s) F pela |Galf Coast] Amarillo | zkofiek | High N2 | High coz 33 i473 376.892 i342.934 1392.321 10.380 1265.813 100 136.740 775 1279,695 1302.556 1285.856 200 1355.637 300 1265.210 © 1293.922 124.570 400 1335.315 224 1237.812 -1278.667 1223.692. 500 3318.407 601 1213.742 1266-847 1205.990 800 1306.270 1269.885 056 © 1259.523 1192.8a5 00d 1300.586 1263.894 1184.610 1257-912 1186.168 1200 1303.302 1266.738 1186.049 187.957 50 14.73 1399.773 1365.490 1313.876 1332.486 -1287.058 50 100 208 635 1302.728 © -1325.815 1278,371 50 200 1381.845 .725 ««1290.044 © 1318.509 -1268.612 50 400 1364.437 821 1266.405 1305.883 © 1250.851 50 600 || -1350.525 1314.257 1246.091 1296.509 1236.186 50 300 | 1340.965 1304.160 693 1291.207 -1225.721 50 1000 1236.999 1299.865 1222.243 1290.879 1220.765 50 1200 1339.987 | 1302.837 247 1296.448 © -1222.771 100 73 1460.825 1424.936 1370.741 1390.875 -1343.132 100 100 1455.120 1418.984 1362.896 1386.697 1337.269 100 200 1448.929 1412-501 1354.167 132.301 1330855 100 400 1438.384 1401.385 338,535 © «1375.317 1319.74 100 600 1430.709 1393.12 1325.943 1371.076 © 1341.372 100 B00 1426.454 1388.478 1337.215 1369.996 1306.299 100 1000 1426.20 1387.895 1313.266 © 1372.500 1305.135 100 1200 1430.543 1392.056 1315.047 1378.986 1308.49 24.73 1495.365 145€.601 1402.999 1423.961 1374.940 190 1490.990 1454.000 698 = -1420.941 —1370.392 200 1486.345 1449.089 785 | 1417.877 1365.51 400 1478.788 © 1441.017 732 1413.428 © -1357.384 600 473.842 1435.595 484 0 1411.448 © 1351-750 800 471.886 © 1433.229 611 1412.219 1349.00 1900 1473.308 1434.328 TAT 18.016 200 4478.479 1439.289 398 1423.092 AGA "American Gas Association AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Speed of Sound (W) Metric units Temperature | Pressure Speed of Sound (m/s) i € ura | Galt Gaariiie | Skofisk [fish coz i o DoLOIssD | 419.585 409.3364 353.8895 : 385.8198 ° 0.689476 | 416.5823 406.2287 390.0510 397.0190 382.7850 | ° 2.378981 | 413.1982 402.7323 385.6359 394.3674 379.3451 | ° 2.787903 | 407.0041 T3082 377.2851 389.7378 372.9609 | 0 4,13685¢ | 401.8504 ~9366 369.9485 385.1351 367.5856 ° 5.515806 | 398.1520 387.0609 364.2532 363.9027 363.5914 ° 6.294757 | 396.4187 385.2349 361.0690 383.4216 361.5444 ° 2.273709 | 397.2465 386.1027 361.5076 385.0567 362.0892 20 0.101560 | 426.6508 .2024 400.4693 406.1417 392.2953 0.689476 | 424.0402 5023 397.0715 404.1083 389.6475 10 1.378951 | 421.1253 4217 393.2085 401.8816 386.6732 10 2.757903 | 415.2804 405.0248 386.0001 398.0332 381.2593 10 4.136884 | 411.6399 400.5854 379. 395.1759 376.7896 10 5.515806 | 404.7261 397.5081 375 393.5599 373.5999 10 5.098757 | 407.5172 396.1990 372. 393.4601 372, 0890 10 8.273709 | 408.4261 387.1086 372. 395.1572 7007 gr.77778_ | 0.101560 | 445.2593 434.3208 427.8019 423.9387 409.3866 37.7778 | 9.689476 | 443.5206 432.5062 415.4108 422.6653 407.5996 37.77778 | 4.378951 430.530@ 412.7501 421.3253 405.6445, 37.7778 | 2.757903 | 438.4194 427.1422 407.9855 419.1965 402.2592 37.77773 | 4.136854 | 436.0800 424.6418 404 417.9038 399.7063, a7.77778 | 5.515806 | 434.7833 423.2080 402 417.5749 398.1599 a7.77773 | 6.894757 | 434.7071 423.0305 400 418.3379 397.8052 37.77778 | 8.273709 | 436.0295 424.2986 400. 420.3148 398.8278 54.44¢44 | 0.101560 444.5816 434.0 419.01 54.acada | 0.689076 443.1791 433.1027 417.6984 sa.acaea | 1.378952 441.6824 432.1689 416.2077 S4.ageea | 2 439.2220 430.8128 413.7308 s4.aaaea | 4. 437.5695 430.2093 412.0134 s4.ageee | 5 436.8682 421.1754 54.4gedd | 6 437.1832 411.3381 54.464ee 438.6952 433.7584 412.6220 Table 4b 26 ‘ AGA ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Critical Flow Coefficient (c*) English Units ‘Temperature | Pressure oF F paia [Gulf Coast] Awasille | Ekofiek | High 82 | High com 32 Th73 | 0.870418 0.869862 0 0.671600 0.670255 32 oo 0.875539. 0.675064 0. 0.876352 0.675744 32. 200 0.681842 0.681588 0.681096 0.582164 0.682419 32 490 0.695498 0.695772 0.697895 0.694621 0.697193 32 600 0.720732 0.711679 0.717466 0.708285 0.713849 32 800 0.727753 0.729554 0.740768 0.723243 0.732690 32 1000 0.746745 0.749609 0.767154 0.739544 0.753948 32 1200 0.767593 0.771749 0.798143 0.756775 0.777601 50 14.73 | 0.669871 0.663188 0.666596 0.670993 0.e69556 50 100 0.674356 0.673925 0.872033 0.675235 0.674450 50 200 0.679951 0.679607 0.678752 0.680394 0.680355 50 400 0.691936 0.692033 9.693443 0.691341 0.693279 50 600 0.705081 0.705729 0.709957 «0.703174 0.707576 80 800 0.719489 0.720787 0.729275 0.715923 0.723392 50 1000 0.735234 0.737323 0.780216 0.729588 0. 740840 50 1200 0.751993 0.755018 0.774148 0.743905 0.753633 100 14.73 | 0.667903 0.667142 0.663867 0.669223 0.667476 100 100 0.671299 0.670640 9.668314 0.672365 0.671094 100 200 0.675396 0.674865 0.673181 0.676043 0.675470 100 400 0.683872 0.683629 0,683509 0.683878 0. 6BaEss 100 500 0.692959 0.693082 0.694682 0.692103 0.694475 100 800 0.702567 0.703020 0.706745 0.700698 0.704905 100 1000 0.712826 0.713686 0.719705 0.709787 0.715930 100 1200 0.723240 0.724555 0.733375 «0.718835 «0.727385 130 14.73 | 0.666604 0.665349 0.662449 0.667998 130 100 0.669463 0.568755 0.665797 0.870639 130 200 0.672893 0.672288 0.670295 0.673795 230 400 0.680002 0.879622 0.678805 9.680297 | 130 600 0.687333 0.887312 0.687349 0.686925 130 800 0.695074 0 0.697430 0.693870 130 1000 0.703239 0 0.707529 0.701146 30 3200 0. 0.712296 0.713085 0.708427 0.714547 Table 5a ‘ AGA American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Critical Flow Coefficient (c*) Metric Units Tenperature| Pressure © Wea /Galf Coast] Anarilio | exofisk | High Wa | Bigh co2 0 S.L0iseo | O.eT0dis 0.669862 0.667373 0.671600 0.670255 ° o.689476 | 0.675539 0.675064 0.673483 0.676352 0.875744 ° 1.378951 | 0.681842 0.681588 0.681095 0.682164 0.682419 ° 2.757903 | 0.695498 0.695772 0.697895 0.694621 0.697193 ° 4.136054 | 0.710732 0.711679 0.717466 0.708285 0.713849 ° 5.515806 | 0.727753 0.729554 0.740768 0.723243 0.732690 ° 6.094757 | 0.746745 0.749609 0.767154 0.739544 0.753948 ° 8.273703 | 0.767593 0.771749 «0.798143 0.756775 0.777602 10 0.101560 | 0.669871 0.669188 0.666596 0.670993 0.669556 10 0.689476 | 0.674356 0.673915 0.672033 0.675235 0.674450 10 1.378951 | 0.679951 0.679607 0.678752 0.680394 0.680355 10 2.757903 | 0.691936 0.692033 0.693443 0.691341 0.693279 20 4.136854 | 0.705081 0.705719 0.709957 0.703174 0, 707576 10 5.515806 } 0.719489 0.720787 0.729275 0.715923 0.723392 40 6.294757 | 0.735234 0.737323 0.750216 0.729588 9, 740840 40 2.273709 | 0.751993 0.755018 0.774148 0.743905 «0.759633 37.77778 | 0.101860 | 0.667903 0.667142 0.663867 0.669223 0.667476 37.77778 | 0.629476 | 0.671299 0.670640 0.668314 0.672365 0.671094 37.77778 | 1.378953 | 0.675396 0.674865 0.673181 0.676043 0.675470 37.77778 | 2.757903 | 0.683872 0.683629 0.683509 0.683878 0. 684666 37.77778 | 4.136854 | 0.692959 0.693042 0.694682 0.692103 0.654475 37.77778 | 5.515806 | 0.702567 0.703020 9.708745 0.700698 9.704805 37.77778 | 6.894757 | 0.712826 0.713686 0.719705 0.708787 0.715830 37.77778 | 8.273709 | 0.723240 0.724555 0.733375 0.728835 9.727355 s4.4aad¢ | 0.201560 | 0.6cc60a 0.665342 0.662449 0.667998 0.665680 54.4da4e | 0.669476 | 0.669463 0.668755 0.665797 0.670639 0.669192 4.44444 | 2.978952 | 0.672893 0.672288 0.670295 0.673795 0.672851 s4.4aa4¢ | 2.757903 | 0.680001 0.679622 0.678805 0.680297 0, 680458, 54.4444 | 4.136854 | 0.687333 0.687312 0.687849 0.686925 0.688452 54.4444 | 5.515806 | 0.695074 0.695344 0.597. 0.693870 0 5444444 | 6.294757 | 0.703239 0.703690 0.707529 0.702146 0. s4.aaace | 8 0.711523 0.712296 0.718085 0.708427 0. Table Sb 4 28 AGA “American Gas Association AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Isentropic Exponent (x) English Units Pamperature | Pressure Taentropic Exponent F pein |Gulf Coast] Amarillo | Bkofisk | High N2 | High Coa 32 1.305686 1.301898 1.286346 1.312895 1.303308 32 100. 1.306743 1.302432 1.285522 1.315093 1.304100 32 200 1.309197 1.304609 1.28581¢ 1.318859 1.306240 32 400 318731 1.313776 1.291737 1.330968 ©=-1.315401 32 600 1.336236 1.331327 1.307670 1.350659 1.333142 32 800 1.364434 1.360265 1.338410 1.380034 1.362646 32 1000 1.406715 1.404356 1.390559 1.421522 1.407936 32 1200 1.467028 4.467992 1.472451 3.477732«1.473756 50 14.73 | 1.301918 1.297786 2e2187 1.309313 1.299415, 50 200 1.303376 1.298968 2eie48 1.311602 1.300595 50 200 306158 1.301493 282612 1.315805 1.303089 50 400 315849 1.310829 1.288882 1.327887 1.312423 5 600 1.322407 1.327366 1.303628 1.346517 1.329108 50 800 1.357790 1.353254 1.330193 1.373215 1.355410 50 1000 394316 1.391048 1.372851 1.409667 1.394 , 50 1200 1.444553 1.443581 1.436663 1.457613 1.448015 Loe 14.73 | 1.290436 2ecoso 1.269888 «1.298338 © 1.287777 100 100 1.292590 298038 1.270569 1.301364 1.289724 100 200 1.295962, 291206 1.272297 1.305760 1.292886 100 400 1.305788 1.300737 1.278286 1.317578 1.302444 100 eco 1.320382 315264 1.292011. 1.333960 1.317060 100 800 3.340611 335671 1.311891 1.355575 1.337718 100 1000 | 1.367402 363030 1.340509 1.383107 1.365478 100 1200 «| 1.401691 1.398342 1.379532 1.417209 1.an1e10 130 1a 2.293005 1.278623 1.262224 1.291283 1.280429 330 100 1.285421 1.280860 1.263336 1.294468 82679 330 200 1.288992 1.284256 1.265457 1.298971 1.286084 130 400 1.298756 1.293765 1.272705 1.310547 1.295641 130 600 1.312453 1.307371 1.294649 1.325890 1.309355 130 800 1.330637 1.328678 1.302189 1.345425 1.327855 130 1000 1.353877 1.349305 1.326285 369567 35178a 130 4200 1.382729 1.378856 57899 1.398701 1.381773 Table 6a 29 § AGA an Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Isentropic Exponent (x) Metric Units Panparature| Pressure Tsentrople Exponent © Wea [Gulf coast| Amarillo | skofisk | High N2 | High coz o O.101560 | 1.3056d6 1.301558 1.200346 1.312898 1.303308 ° 0.689475 | 1.306743 1.302432 1.285521, 315093 1.304100 ° 1.378951 | 4.309197 1.304609 1.285814 316859 1.306240 0 2.757903 | 1.328732 1.313776 1.291737 330968 1.315401 ° 4.136354 | 1.336236 1.331327 1.307670 350659 © 1.333142 ° 5.515806 | 1.364434 1.360265 1.338410 1.380034 1.362646, ° 6.894757 406715 1.404356 1.390558 421522 1.407936 0 8.273709 | 1.467028 1.467992 472451 © 1.477732—-1.473756 10 0.102569 | 1.301918 2.297756 1.282187 309313 299418 10 o.6aca7s | 2 1.298968 1.281848 1.311802 1.300595 10 2.378951 | 1. 1.301483 1.282611 1.315805 1.303089 10 2.757903 | 2 1.310829 1.288882 1.327887 1.312423 10 4.136854 | 1 1.327366 1.303628 1.346517 1.329108 10 5.518806 | 1 2.353254 330193 1.373215 1.385410 10 6.896757 | 1 2.391048 1.372851 1.409667 1.394037 10 8.273709 | 1.444553 1.443581 1.436663 1.457613 1.448015 0.101560 | 1.290436 1.296080 1.269888 1.298338 = 1.287777 0.692476 | 1.292590 1.288038 1.270569 1.301364 1.289724 1.378951 | 1.295961 1.291206 1.272297 1.305760 1.292886 2.757903 | 1.305788 1.300737 1.279286 1.317578 1.302406 4.136854 | 1.320382 1.315244 1.292011 1.333960 1.317060 5.515806 | 1.340611 335671 1.311891 1.355575 1.337718 6.094757 | 1.367402 1.363030 1.340509 1.383107 1.365478 8.273709 | 1.401691 1.398342 1.379832 1.417208 1.402410 0.102560 | 1.283005 1.278613 1.262224 1.291253 1.280429 o.6soa76 | 1.285421 280860 1.263336 1.294468 1.282679 1.378951 | 2.288992 1.284255 3.265457 1.298971 1.286084 2.757903 | 2.298756 293765 1.272705 1.310547 298641 4.136854 | 1.312453 1.307371 2.284649 «1.325890 1.309355, .f15e06 | 1.330637 325678 2189 4.345425 1.327855, 6.894757 | 1.353877 1.349305 6285 1.369567 1.351784 8.273709 | 1.382729 1.378856 7899 1.398701 381773 Table 60 30 4 AGA American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Constant Pressure Heat Capacity (Cp) English Units Temperature | Pressure Heat Capacity (sTU/iba.F) F [pata [Gait Coast] Amarillo | Ekofisk | High N2 | High coz | 32 14.73 | 0.506561 0.489001 0.477070 0.430120 | 32 100 0.518126 0.500136 0.489434 o.4az4 32 200 0.532198 0.514212 0.505346 0.455646 32 400 0.563931 0.5462: 0.542702 o.agsese | 32 600 0.601156 0.583871 0.889319 0.521447 | 32 goo | 0.644497 0.628151 0.647388 0.563887 32 1000 0.883908 0.678911 0.717713 0.623040 32 21200 0.747999 0.734500 0.796958 0.667301. 50 14.73 0.511660 0.493785 0.482442 0.452580 0.436334 50 100 0.521761 0.503822 0.493611 0.461077 0.445689 50 200 0.534370 0.516420 0.507803 0.471586 0.457424 50 400 0.562294 0.544448 0.540292 0.494533 0.483658 50 600 0.594181 0.576652 0.579276 0.520103 0.514021 50 800 0.630247 0.613291 0.625750 0.548245 0.548845 50 1000 0.670255 0.654105 0.679794 0.878580 0.587951 50 2200 0.713226 0.697967 0.739450 0.610298 0.630260 100 14.73 0.526978 0.509068 0.499374 0.465094 0.449703 200 100 0.534794 0.516840 0.507944 0.471676 0.456882 x90 200 0.544358 0.526366 0.518557 0.479681 0.465695 200 400 0.564803 0.546784 0.541720 0.496605 0.48641 | 100 600 0.586996 9.569025 0.567606 0.524686 0.505364 100 800 0.610823 0.892974 0.596217 0.533765 0.527779 100 1000 0.636010 0.618339 0.627247 0.583580 0.851626 200 1200 0.662088 0.644626 0.659964 0.873759 0.576432 130 14 0.537589 0.519577 0.510775 0.458758 30 io 0.544392 0.525323 0.518180 0.464972 230 200 0.852635 0.534519 0.527252 0.472531 130 400 0.570001 0.551821 0.546681 0.488524 130 | 600 0.88a¢83 0.570261 0.567822 o. 130 | 800 0.607943 0.589758 0.590563 0.523762 130 1000 0.628155 0.610013 0.614629 o 130 1200 0.648801 0.630707 0.639544 0.562046 Table 7a AGA ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Constant Pressure Heat Capacity (Cp) Metric Units Temperature | Pressure Heat Capacity (ki7ka FD @ [Saiz Coast] Mmariiio ign Ni] High Cor o T.i2288 2.04735 T8766 1.60550 0 2126929 2.09397 3.91797 1.88263 ° 2.22821 2.15290 3.96707 1.9070 ° 2.36107 2 2.07579 2,033, ° a 2.19976 2.18319 ° 2 2.33935 2.36088 ° 2 2.49297 2.56667 0 3 2.55581 2.79386 10 2.442222. 2.01989 1.89486 1.82684 10 2.284522. 2.06663 1.93044 1.86603 40 2.237302 2.12607 1.97448 1.91524 10 2.354212. 2.26220 2.07081 2.02496, 10 2.ae772 2 2.42531 2.17787 2.48220 10 2.638722 2.61989 2.29839 2.29790 10 2.906222 2.84616 2.42240 2.46363 10 2.98608 2. 3.09593 2.55520 2.63877 37.7778 | 9.10186 | 2 2.13137 2.09078 ©«t.94726 4.88282 ama | 0.68948 | 2 2.16390 2.12666 «4.97481 1.91287 8 | astass | 2. 2.20379 2.27109 «2.00833 «1.94977 qa | 2.78790 | 2. 2.28928 2.26807 2.07919 2.02909 va777e | 4.13685 | 2. 2.38239 «2.37645 «2.15489 2.21586 vr7i7a | 5.51sea | 2 2.48266 2.49626 © 2.23477 2.20971, ir7i7a | 6.e9a76 | 2 2.58886 2.62616 2.31773 «2.30955 aime] a.a7371 | 2 z.esess 2.76314 «2.40221 2.42340 s4.4aead | 0.10156 2.98336 1.9207 sa.acase | 0.68988 2.00732 1.94674 sa.daass | 2.37895 2.03625 1 sa.acage | 2.75790 2.09665 2. sa.daede | 4.13685 2.160092. sa.aaaca | 5.51582 2 2 sd.aeade | 6.89876 2 2 sé.gaaaa | 8.27371 2 2 Table 7b y AGA American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Constant Volume Heat Capacity (Cv) English Units Temperature | Pressure Heat Capacity (BFU/Eba-F) F pala |@uif Goast] Anarilio | skofisk | fish Na | High 62 32 Ta73 | 0.387276 0.374679 0.369676 0.340975 0.330630 32 roo | 0.389491 0.376935 0.372312 0.342827 0.932836 32 200 | 0.392095 0.379591 9.375453 0.345015 0.335466 32 400 | 0.397332 0.384987 0.381951 0.349956 0.340756 32 00 | 0.402627 0.390608 0.38818 0.353668 0.346213 32 aoo | o.ao7s2s 0.395920 0.396063 0.387921 0.352802 32 rooo | 0.413172 0.401389 0.403485 0.362048 0.357415 32 1200 | 0.418172 0.406597 0.420540 0.365939 0.362807 50 14.73 | 0:397104 0.379561 0.375190 0.344953 0.334963 50 100 | 0.394084 0.381577 0.377564 0.346618 0.336924 50 200 | 0.386401 0.383942 0.380375 9.348551 0.339230 50 doo | 0.402023 0.388673 0.386107 0.352385 0.343873 50 600 | 0.405624 0.393406 0.392021 0.356254 0.348560 50 goo | 0.420278 0.398214 0.398103 0.359831 0.353270 50 sooo | 0.414624 0.402727 0.404228 0.363370 0.257930 50 1200 | 0.418856 0.407121 0.410106 0.366705 0.362403 100 14.73 | 0.407704 0.395154 0.392432 0.357706 0.348592 300 100 | 0.409282 0.396655 0.394200 0.358944 0.350029 100 200 | 0.420899 0.398402 0.386267 0.360380 0.362705 100 oo | 0.414282 0.40186a 0.400384 0.362195 0.355018 100 soo | 0.4i757¢ 0.405206 0.404867 0.365920 0.358268 100 goo | 0.420766 0.408467 0.408495 0.368537 0. 100 tooo | 0.423825 0.411587 0.412421 0.371029 0.364494 100 3200 | 0.426722 0.414563 0.416174. 0.373272 0.367403 330 14.73 | 0.a1g¢s5 0.408793 0.403973 0.366425 0.357766 130 oo | 0.419714 0.407062 0.405468 0.367490 0.358978 130 200 | o.422174 0.408548 0.407202 0.368713 0.360386 30 4oo | 0.424039 0 0.410636 0.371104 0.3 ° 600 | 0.426816 0. o 0.373410 0 0 oo | 0.429690 0 ° ° 9 9 330 6.432004 0 ° 0.377718 0. 130 0.440600. 3 0.379895 0 Table 8a § * AGA. American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Constant Volume Heat Capacity (Cv) Metric Units Temperature | Pressure Heat Capacity (kJ/kg.K) z Te [iF Gast eis | Bee a a OE 5 SIGE Tens PSSST TST aE TSE 0 cesses | i.es072 is7e1s1.ss0g0ta3ess 3958 3 Sisress | aleaaez 1sus271lstesteaesn 1 aoeae ° 2.75780 pisit7e 1.59915 .aezea 1260s 3 @.tsaes fesse 162790 ae07d Tacos ° 5 sise: plestes ivssezaoasesa 2472s ° fe esere plssose 1.88952 pase ° e.27372 pinozsa 172888 351800 10 o.101s6 tsosne 1.57086 1.44425 1.40263 to o.s22a8 iiss7ssiseo7stasi20. tT azoes 2» 2 3780s Leores 2se25stoaseat 1.42029 i 2irs720 fas0 eles 1a7s37 43073 » a.tsees pleat, teens boasizs 2.45935 2S ssise: secs? 1lese7e 1 sossa 1.47207 2 6.85076 riseexé 1.ee242 1152136 tases io b.2737t Ecraasscceiilov7ea Hitt acasgapeCtHtsiaa sr.r7me | o.20156 | 1.70693 6203 1.49764 1.45948 srri77e | osasas | to7z316 $5043 1150233146550 Sisrme | tisress | 172038 feos 1soeaa 1.47282 Share | zirsrs0 | t73ast gress i is20ez 1.48638 prove | cisess | itess: 2lsses2 i ieasez 2.85203 1.50000 Disre | sisisex | a.teiss 2.71017 1.72029 asaz99 351326 prams | eases | ime? 1 y2e72,isssaa 152605 sire | sizer: | iitseso paced ogee 153874 sa.sacse | o.t0rss | 2 ageiss 1.53419 1.49799 5 cesses | 2 llesves tisseen 150797 nsress |r Lneee 1saa73 1 5 arse | ines ilsssva 1. LD ins sess 2. 5 : Lyaos srs 3 sesere | a ryec29 a senes Ls seat |: Lire _ilses7i Table 8b § 34 AGA "American Gas Association AGA ReportNo. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and Is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shail not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Specific Enthalpy (#) English Units Tenperature | Pressure Specific Enthalpy (ST0/Eb=) F ‘paia [Gulf Coast] Amarillo | Ekofisk | Sigh N2 | High Coz 32 Ta.73] Bie-141 328,569 210,898 208-312 197.589 32 100 232.152 222.006 211.248 205.820 194.867 32 200 228.582 218.463 207.337 202.855 32 400 221.227 211.153 199.174 196.788 32 600 213.590 203.543 190.82@ 190.553, 32 800 205.689 «195.654 281.372 184.282 32 1900 197.578 187.540 471.767 177.726 32 00 189.387 264.877 171.266 50 14.73 | 244.307 223,133 216.423 208.408 50 100 242.510 220.094 214.082 202.860 50 200 238.180 216.454 211.327 199.826 50 400 362 208.918 205.698 193.594 50 500 1343 -213.988 201.035 198.960 187.152 50 800 154 206.819 192.818 194.139 180,520 50 1000 209.843 199.523 164.321 188.284 173.747 50 1200 202.488 192.182 «175.668 182.455 166.912 100 24.73 | 270.260 © 258.871 247.667 239.354 227.546 100 100 267.907 256.541 245.117 237,398 225.412 100 200 265.126 253.786 242.091 235.091 222.886 | 100 400 | 259.501 248.209 235.926 230.448 217.768 100 600 253.811 242.563 229.628 225.782 212 100 800 248.084 236.875 223.228 221.118 207.338 100 rooo | 242.354 231.183 216.770 216.485 202. 086 100 1200 | 236.667 225.533 210.317 211.917 196.864 | 130 34.73 | 286.226 274.299 © 262.817.253.435 241.272 130 100 272.186 © 260.507 251.662 239.237 130 200 269.696 257.774 249.579 236.956 130 400 264.683 252.246 245.404 232.360 130 600 259.644 246.650 242.235 227.734 130 200 254.504 237.090 223.100 130 1000 249.591, 232.993 218.484 130 1200 244.640 228.968 2913 Table 9a 4 AGA ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Specific Enthalpy (H) Metric Units ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, 5 ee se : eS ae ee cee ee eee Cee epee ae oe es ere ee ce cee So es ee ae ere ee ee [eum | seam wee nese ma ee oe 2 [rasa ae aoe Gn fea. ae Oe ef aee| ares ee aha Sat es oc ee ae 2 | oReR | ass ieee aah ant Sm saore | cana | aus ooae pean aru stan ae tere ere eer eee cet wom | Senet | man ee mee ee eae er ee re ee some | ieee | eee Soe Be Bee oe ee are | fa imeem an BGS ee pore erred ret ne ee rare sere eco rg ee ee 2 oe cee eens cen ere ee oo ee Ca ee at ie Gees Meet GS that | oe \ ; AGA ‘of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Specific Entropy (S) English Units Temperabure| Pressure Specific Entropy (BT0/iba.F) ¥ Pe Scie Coast] Amarillo | Ekofisk | igh N2_| High COD 3 Ta73 | 2.62824 2.53066 2.41601 2.38528 2.26671 32 100 2.39753 2.31023 2.20872 «2.17769 2.07298 32 200 2.21042 2.22687 2.12976 «2.09953 «1.99884 32 400 2.21770 -2.13793-«2.04452-«2.02673 «1.91955 32 600 2.1se42 2.08086 «1.98877 «1.96421 1.86847 32 aco 2.11252 2.03649 -1.94aa3 1.92392 1.82860 32 ooo | 2.07377 1.99892 1.90612 1.89027 1.79469 | 32 xz00 | 2.03957 1.96566 1.87145 1.86089 «1.76454 so | 34.73 | 2. 6a6ss 2.43326 2.40148 2.26432 50 | 100 2.41622 2.22639 2.19421 2.08894 50 200 2.32959, 2.14797 2.11645 2.01525 50 400 2.23795 2.35753 «2.06398 2.03453 «1.93697 50 600 2.17981 2.0172 2.00977 «1.98300 1.88708 50 00 2113542 2.05880 1.96735 2.84359 50 rooo | 2.09828 2.02286 1.93120 1.81626 : 50 2.06580 1.99138 1.898011. 3.78783 100 34.73. | 2.69511 2.59522 2.47917 2.32575 100 100 2.46562 2.37600 2.27322 2.13114 100 200 2.38002 2.29414 2.29595 2.oseet 200 400 2.29061 2.20852 2.11453 3.98223 100 coo 2.23506 2.15521 2.06328 2.93467 roo | 800 2.19332 2.11507 2.02428 2,89880 roo | to0c- | 2.tse2s 2-082 1.99197 286932 too «= |= 1200 2.12981 2.05384 1.96391 1.84393 a4.73 | 2.72290 2.62208 2.50554 2.46890 2.34946 100 2.49379 2.40329 «2.30000 2.26265. 2.18522 200 2.40865 2.32283 2.2232 © 2.48614 2.08289 400 2.32023 2.24293 2.10689 2.00761 600 | 2.26574 2.09292 2.05623 1.96105 goo | 2.22812 2.08525 2.02211 1.92624 roo | 2.19233 02436 89787 az00__| 2.16400 2.08710 1.98779 27362, Table 10a 37 acts American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Nanurai GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Specific Entropy (S) Metric Units Tenperature] Pressure | Specific Entropy (kd/kg-®) @ Gale Coast] Amarillo | Ekofisk | High N2 | High coz | 3 0. 0039 0.59536 10.11537 9.98668 3.45863 | 9 0. 10.03797 9.67248 §.24748 «9.11755 8.67924 | 9 2. 9.67325 9.32346 8.92687 8.79031 8.36874 9 2. 9.28508 9.95109 8.55998 «8.44366 8.03676 9 4. 9.03682 © 8.723. 8.32657 8.22376 7.82291. a 8. 2.84062 8.52639 8.14119 «8.05506 7.65599 0 6. 8.68248 8.36909 7.98054 7.91419 7.81400 ° a. 8.53927 8.22984 7.83539 7.79117 7.38776 20 .10186 | 1.08057 10.65932 10.1875a 10.05451 9.56399 io 0.68948 | 10.11623 9.74804 9.32146 8.18673 8.74599 o ad 9.75352 9.40102 8,99312 «8.86116 «8.63746 | 10 2. 9.36984 9.03316 8.64147 «8.51819 8.10970 10 a 9.12683 2.79944 8.414da = 8.30243 7.90082 10 5 8.94057 8.61977 8.23692 8.13834 7.73968 10 6. 8.78506 8.46932 8.08555 8.00249 7.60430 a0 8. 8.64911 8.33750 7.95076 88476 7.48527 37.7778 | 0.20156 | 12.2839 10.86564 10.37978 10.23417 9.73748 27.77778 | 0.63948 | 10.32308 9.94783 9.51751 9.36932 8.92267 37.7778 | 1.37895 | 9.96465 9.60512 9.19398 «9.04736 «8.61814 37.77778 | 2.75790 | 9.59034 9.24664 8.85: 8.71212 8.29913 7778 | 4.13685 | 9.35777 9.023438. 8.50480 8.10008 7777a | 5.5ise1 | 9.18301 8.85536 9a. 8.34979 7.94991 .77778 | 6.89476 | 9.03994 8.71753 8 8.22356 7.82648 a777a_ | 8.27371 | 8.91710 8.599028. 8.11574 7.72015 54.4404 11.40024 10.33677 9.83673 54.4aaa4 10.44098 9.47326 9.0234 prevverry 10.08452 9.18282 8.72086 54.aeeda } 2.75790 | 9.71434 8.82111 8.40547 54.4ae44 | 4.13685 | 9.48619 8.61740 8.21054 54.4acaa | 5.51881 | 9.31614 8.46619 8.06477 54.a4aaa | 6.89476 | 9.17802 8.34386 7.94599 s4.4gega f 8.27371 | 9.06024 3.24000 7.84445 Table 10b 38 aca "American Gas Association AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. APPENDIXA C++ Language Example Implementation 1.0 Overview of Computer Code Two sets of computer code are included in Appendix A. The first set of computer files demonstrates a C++ implementation of the AGA speed of lation method. The primary goals of this implementation are clarity and compatibility with AGA Report No. 8. Consideration has also been given to the secondary objectives of speed and efficiency. The second group of files may be used to create a Windows-based example application for testing or demonstrating. 4.1 File Group 1 Calculation Library File Group 1 is limited to mathematical calculations. No user interface is provided at this level but, recognizing the large community of Windows developers, support has been included for the creation of a Win32 DLL (dynamic link library). ‘The C++ implementation in this report is derived from an implementation in the FORTRAN programming language, as it appeared in the 1994 printing of AGA Report No. 8, Much of the original program structure and nomenclature was preserved for traceability and ease of conversion. Differences exist due to the syntax and grammar associated with each programming language but the code is not strongly idiomatic to the C++ language. Conversion to ANSI C or other computer languages is entirely feasible. Files included in Group 1 are: + agat0.h header file for aga 10 data structures, macros and prototypes * agat0.cpp c+ source code for overall execution control * detail.h header file for ‘detail’ class + detail.cpp detail’ class implementation * therm.A header file for ‘therm’ class + therm.cpp ‘therm’ class implementation = entry.cpp Windows DLL entry code + scriptt.re Windows resource script; version information As implemented, external processes communicate with the library through a single function call, The caller supplies a pointer argument to a custom structure (defined in aga10.h) containing input as well as output data 4 39 AGA ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed af Sound in Natural Gas> This report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Overview of Classes and Key Functions In the C++ programming language, data and functions are typically grouped in structures called classes. Two classes were created for this implementation. The Detall class is responsible for density-related computations. The Therm class is designed for additional thermodynamic calculations, including speed of sound. ‘The Detail and Therm classes are designed for efficient repeated operation. Any number of calculations can be executed between the creation and deletion of these objects. Detail Class ‘The Detail class contains all the data and methods required to compute gas compressibility and density related parameters. Those familiar with AGA Report No. 8 will note strong resemblance between this code and the original FORTRAN ‘Detail Characterization Method’. Several important design features were carried over to the C++ version, including the density search procedure Extending the original functionality, the Detail class contains the new functions for solving the partial derivatives of Z and the second virial coefficient, B. Therm Class The Therm class contains data and functions for calculating heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy and the speed of sound. In typical calculations involving the speed of sound, the user provides the process pressure, temperature and gas composition. For other calculations, such as those for critical flow nozzles, the Therm class supports a method of estimating pressure and temperature from enthalpy and entropy. In the course of its execution, the Therm class calls the Detail class to perform density- related work. Function SOS() Function, SOS() is responsible for basic execution and memory management. It creates an object of each required class, launches calculations supported by the classes, and then removes the objects from memory. Function Crit() Function Crit() provides the same basic services of SOS), but also estimates the critical flow function, C*, an important parameter for critical flow calculations. 4 40 AGA. "American Gas Association AGA Report No. 10, Speed of Sound in Natural GasThis report is the property of AGA and is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. Crit() relies on support function HS_Mode() to predict gas pressure and temperature from enthalpy and entropy. HS_Mode() uses a nested algorithm and Newton's Method to converge upon pressures and temperatures which satisfy given enthalpy and entropy states. Crit() imposes a significantly larger computing burden than SOS() and is recommended only for situations where C* is required. As implented in this Appendix, function Crit() will accept gas velocity at the plenum as ‘an optional input. The gas velocity is used to refine the estimate of enthalpy at the plenum. 1.2 File Group 2 Example Windows Application The second set of code examples is intended as an example of applying 2 calculation DLL in an application with a graphical user interface. A simple Win32 application can be created with this code. The application requires basic Win32 support, supported widely by vendors of software development systems. This implementation was created with Microsoft Visual C++, version 6 (SP5). The interface consists of one non-modal dialog box and basic file operations, tested under the following Windows operating systems: Windows 95, 98, NT 4.0 (SP6), Windows XP. Through a conventional dialog-based interface, the user may: + collect user-defined inputs (keyed directly or loaded from file) « requests @ calculation to be performed + observe and/or save the calculation output File operations consist of reading and writing AGA10STRUCT structures in binary format. Standard Windows and C++ run-time library process are used for file access. 4 4a AGA ‘American Gas Association AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Natural Gas‘This report is the property of AGA and’is part of its process for developing new documents. This report or any of its part shall not be copied, disseminated, cited in literature, presentations or discussions without prior approval from AGA. The application interacts with aga‘0.dil in the following ways: + initialization via DLL function AGA10_init() + de-initialization via DLL function AGA10_Uninit() + creation of an AGA{0STRUCT structure for exchanging data + launching calculations by calling DLL function Crit() or SOS() The files included in this group are: + agatOwin.h header file for application + agatOwin.cpp —_main source code for Windows application + dighlp.cpp utility functions supporting dialog box operations * file.cpp functions supporting file input/output © agatOwin.rc Windows resource template s ; AGA American Gas Association AGA Report No, 10, Speed of Sound in Natural Gas