Ey OC oivaLeS FL EM FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DE LA MANUTENTION 1 zi SECTION 1 : 3RD EDITION HEAVY. LIFTING APPLIANCES 1987.10.01 RULES FOR THE DESIGN OF HOISTING APPLIANCES BOOKLET 8 TEST LOADS AND TOLERANCES The total 3rd Edition comprises booklets | to 8 Copyright by FEM Section | - Also available in French and German +oGy This booklet is part of the "Rules for the design of hoisting appliances" consisting of 8 booklets Booklet 1 - Object and scope Booklet 2 - Classification end loading en structures end mechanisms Booklet 3 - Calculating the stresses in structures Booklet 4 - Ghecking for fatigue end choice of mechanism components Booklet 5 - Electrical equipment Booklet 6 - Stability and safety against movement by the wind Booklet 7 - Safety rules Booklet 8 - Test loads and tolerances ‘and must not be used separately.BooKLET 8 TEST LOADS AND TOLERANCES CONTENTS article Tests el = Dynamic test a. = Static test et = Notes ‘ 8.1 TOLERANCES OF CRANES AND TRAQXS = Measuring procedure = Merufacturing tolerances for cranes = Tolerances for crane tracks APPENDIX a TEST LOADS FOR CRANES IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES z AB... LIST OF SYHBOLS ANO NOTATIONS See booklet 2 5 Areata weuwu el8.1, TESTS Prior to being places in service, appliances must be tested under overload conditions, as follows: 8.1.1, OYNAMIC TEST The dynanic test shall be carried out with an overload coefficient p, © 1,2, te. xith @ load equal to 120 % of the safe working load, All motions shall be carefully operated in tum, without checking speeds of tenperature rises in the sotors (see clause 2.3.3.0). 8.1.2. STATIC TEST , The static test shell be carried out with an overload coefficient pz = 1,4, t.e, with fa load equal to 160 X of the safe working load. This test must be carried out under stil] conditions and consists in hoisting the safe working load to a snall distance above the ground and then adding the required surplus without stock (see clause 2.33.00). + BL NOTE 1 ‘The figures given for these test loads represent minkmm requirenents, sere national legislation or rules call for higher values, these mst be complied with insofar as appliances destined for such countries are concerned. ‘The test to be used in certain cantries are given in appendix A-8.1.3, for infor mation. NOTE 2 ae i ~~ When waking these tests, it i custotary to meaiure the deflection of the structure of an appliance. : ‘The present niles Lapose no obligation as to the allowable deflectias. ah “~sould the user wish to impose a deflection limit, he must specify this in his call i : for tenders (1). : @ ‘The custom of regarding small deflection under load as a measure of the strength of an appliarce should be discontined. Although an unduly large deflection can adversely affect lattice girders because of the danger of moverent at the joints, no untoward effects are to be feared in the case of solid-neb or box girders. In practice, the sagnituce of the deflection should be limited only from the stand point of convenience of operetion, since vertical oscillations of the loed can be troublesome in sone cases.C © 8.2, 8.2.1. 8.2.2. ts 8.2.2. for s>15 TOLERANCES OF CRANCS AND TRACKS GENERAL The use of the Design Rules presupposes that the tolerances specified heresfter for cranes and tracks shall be maintained. These tolerances apply unless other conditions have been agreed with the user, and take no account of elastic deformations during the operation. The elastic deformations have to be taken into consideration if re- quired. The specified tolerances ere valid for overhead travelling cranes, gantry cranes end Jud cranes, but not for ratlway cranes. For cranes which have been erected for ten porary use only, €.9, building cranes, these rules are only partially valid, in other cases they are to be used Judiclously. MEASURING PROCEDURE hen using measuring tapes, calibrated steel eeasuring types are to be used, The rules for‘the use of these measuring types are to be observed, The readings obtained ‘are to be corrected for the sag of the tape measure as well as for the divergence of the unbient tenperature fron the standard temperature. All weasurenents on one and ‘the sane crane have to be made with the sane tape and the sane tension force. MANUFACTURING TOLERANCES FOR CRANES Tre giestest civergence 0 s of the crane spans fron the drawing dimension must not exces the felloning values : for sé ise: bse 2am bss [2 +.0,15 + (s-15)) mm (max. 5 15 mm) (5 As to be expressed ina) | : (see figure 8.2.2.1.) _ Fe Figure 6.2.2.1. Crore glrcers, freely supported at their ends, must have no sag, even if the drawing does nat prescribe # camber, This means that the track of the trolley mith unloaded crane (without trolley) must have no deviation dowmard fron thé horizontal. This re- auiresent only applies to cranes with # span longer than 20 =.8.2.2.3, 8.2.2.5. In cases where the top of the rail 1s flat, the Lnclinstion of the wheel axts fron the horizontel, for the unladen crane, must be betneen + 0,2 % and = 0,05 x (see figure 8.2.2.3.) Figure 8.2.2.3. By unlaven crane is meant the crane bridge without trolley, freely supported on the end carriages. The trolley rail centre distance must not differ from the nominal dimension s by nore than s 3 1m (see figure 8.2.2.4.) Figure 8.2.2.4. “In a plane perpenaicutar-to-tre- travel cirection-of-the trolley, the difference in height of two opposite points of the trolley track shall not exceed 0,15 % of the trolley rail centre distance, with o maximum of 10 mm (see flgure 8.2.2.5.) “Figure 8.2.2.5.8.2.2.6, Trolley rails shill be aid in such e way thet the runing surface 15 horizonte) and that the grestest unevenness of the bearing surface 18 no more then s 3m for rail centres up to 3m and no more than + 0,1 % of the trolley wheel centre cistance if it emceeds 3m (see Figure 8.2.2.6). td mmlorse3m 1014 of s lors > 3m Figure 8.2.2.6, 8.2.2.7, ‘The vertiéal axis of the trolley rall must not diverge from the vertical axls of the rail girder web by ore than half the thickness of the rafl girder wed (ser fgure Figure 8.2.2.7, 8.2.2.8, The axes of the trolley rails must not diverge fran their theoretical axis by core Won 2 1,0 am in a rail length of 28, There should be ne alseligments at rail Joints (see figure 8.2.2.8.). 2.0 m Figure 6.2.2.8.8.2.2.9, The axes of the wheel bores must not have an angular devistion greater than + 0,04 % from Its theoretical axis, in the horizontal plane (see figure 6.2.2.9.)+ \ Jee} position Th pata ee . ; | oss fi oct Figure 6.2.2.9. + 6.2.2.10. The axle bores of wheels opposite to each other at each side of the track, and If wheels are meunted in bogies the axes of the bogie pins of the urmarped trolley and Crane bridge shall have an alignment divergence in the vertical plane, less than 0,15 %, maxims 2 am of the wheel centre distance (see figure 8.2-2.10.)- 0.158 of borinonsal parent Figure 8.2.2.0. * 6.2.2.11, The centre planes of wheels rolling on @ conacn rail ust not diverge more than ‘tl mm from the rall axis (see figure :2.2.11.). tiem Cencet anis of the mail head tie Ine Figure 8.2.2.1. For bushed wheels the above tolerances apply with the wheel in a central position between the contact surfaces at either side of the wheel.8.2,2.12. 8.2.2.13. 8.2.3. ‘ If horfzontal guide rollers are used, the centre of the distance between puide rollers at one corer mst not deviate sore than + 1 am fron the axis of the rail (see figure 8.22.12.) ' Distance derween peide voller Figure 8.2.2.12. Tre dlaneter tolerance of the wheels should correspond to the 150 tolerance classifi~ cation h9. If numer wheel speeds are synchronized by an "electrical shaft", tighter tolerances pay be required. These will have to be determined from case to case. These tolerances will apply also to non driven wheels, as the wheels eust be inter- changeable. TOLERANCES FOR CRANE TRACKS The tolerances specified below apply to new crane tracks. If in the course of use, these tolerances are exceeded by 20 X, the track must be realigned. If the travelling behaviour is noticeably deteriorating, St may be necessary to realign the track, even AP the tolerance excess has not reached 20 %, 1 The greatest divergence As from the spans is : tors 61S 0A 524 3 am for s> 15m:Bs 2+ [3+ 0,25 + (s-15)] me (max. + 25 am) (5 ds to be expressed in m) (see figure 8.2.2.1.) 1 horizontal guide rollers are provided on one rail only, the tolerances for the other rail only may be increased to three tines the above valurs, but must not exceed 25 mm, 2-- It Ss assumed that with the trolley positioned in the centre of the span the de lection of both rail tracks 4s epproxinately equal. 3.- The greatest pemssible tolerance of the upper edge of the rail 1s + 10 ma fros the theoretical height position. The theoretical height {s either the horizontal: position, oF St applicable, the theoretical canber curve. The height position of the two rails may show #’dlvergence of 10 sm. The curvature in a longitudinal direction may, at each point of a measured length, of 2.m, not exceed a rise of + Zen.BEMAG 7 MANNESMANN Normas de ffbrica 31906046 A BEMAG Hojas de tolerancias 7651 - 9/80 para _grfas-puente Hoja 15 de 16 2.7 Errores de alineacién de las ruedas o de los rodillos-eusa 5 aP mix. = 0,6 xa (a en metros) Clase de tolerancia AEE gata Eee CS aCe HE REECE 2 . aP m&x. = 0,4 x a Clase de tolerancia 1S+ ap mix. = 0,4 xe ‘ r 2.8 Deaviacién del paralelismo 2 ai qn 4 5 te [ ; i 4 XQ i zi Fig. 22 Mi U {}+-———L Tolerancias en mm Accionamiento independiente 26 mm Accionamiento central 12 20m $2 mm oN 1 > 20m Se + o,2 : (1-2033 1 en metros