Your meal: Lasagna

Final Project (paper, PPT, infographic, video, etc)

breaking down a complete meal
● Constituents of the meal
○ What they are (toast--carbohydrate, eggs--protein, butter--dairy/fat), what
vitamins/minerals, phytochemicals
○ How they work (cellular respiration)
● Impacts
○ On society
○ On an individual (model should be included)
● Sources (Works Cited)
○ +4 total: up to 3 textbooks & 2 outside sources (reliable websites)
○ APA: In-text and references at the end
● Accuracy (is it true?)
● Writing mechanisms (grammar, spelling)

Contains at least 3 food categories:

Explains each food category and how it breaks down and is processed in the body -- a level 2-3 models
is shown

The breakdown inside the body

1. Mozzarella Cheese (Dairy/Fat)
Cheese protein digestion starts in the acidic world of the stomach. The protein
is denatured by gastric juice into a long string, which is then ingested by the
digestive enzyme pepsin. Your pancreas secretes extra metabolites as they pass
from your liver to your small intestine.
2. Egg (Protein)
The mashed egg fragments pass through the esophageal sphincter and touch the
stomach. Gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin are
released by the stomach.
3. Lasagna Noodles (Carbs)
The stomach is the last stage of mechanical digestion but the first stage of protein
digestion. After that, the pasta reaches the small intestine, where the villi have a
large surface area and absorb the required nutrients. It converts carbohydrates into
glucose.
4. Ground Beef (Protein)
 Meat/beef contains additional acid, which causes the body to release specific
enzymes to help break it down. Fat delays the metabolism of all ingredients,
but beef elements, like all foods, reach the bloodstream after a few hours, and
the balance passes in the subsequent bowel movement with the rest of the food
your body did not consume.

How it impacts the body

1. Mozzarella Cheese (Dairy/Fat)
Cheese is a good source of calcium and can enhance dental health. Omega-3
fatty acids have been found in some types of cheese. People who eat more
cheese have lower blood pressure, despite some cheeses being rich in fat and
sodium. A person with a high body mass index (BMI) is more likely to have
low levels of calcium. There may be benefits for people on a weight-loss diet.
2. Egg (Protein)
Eggs provide all of the nutrients required by the body to create energy. Egg
protein aids in the maintenance and repair of human tissues, particularly
muscle. Eggs also include vitamins and minerals that the brain and nervous
system require to operate properly.
3. Lasagna Noodles (Carbs)
People on a low-GI diet who ate pasta nonetheless lost weight. The study
revealed that eating pasta did not result in weight gain or an increase in body
fat. Reduce the amount of pasta you eat and avoid high-sugar and high-fat
sauces. Choose whole-grain spaghetti or pasta made from beans or lentils for a
more nutritional option.
4. Ground Beef (Protein)
Uric acid buildup in the bloodstream can result in the production of crystals in
the joints (gout) and uric stones in the kidneys. Low-grade inflammation and
endothelial dysfunction are caused by a high saturated fat diet, with or without
a high sugar content. Endothelial cells are destroyed by inflammation, making
the arteries less elastic and more prone to constricting (atherosclerosis) and
reducing blood flow.

Vitamins:
Riboflavin -
Definition: a yellow vitamin of the B complex which is essential for metabolic energy
production.
Benefits: A vitamin that is needed for growth and overall good health. It helps the
body break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to produce energy, and it allows
oxygen to be used by the body.
Vitamin D -
Definition: any of a group of vitamins found in liver and fish oils. Essential for the
absorption of calcium and the prevention of rickets in children and osteomalacia in
adults. They include calciferol (vitamin D2 ) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3 ).
Benefits: Vitamin D plays a significant role in the regulation of calcium and the
maintenance of phosphorus levels in the blood. These factors are vital for maintaining
healthy bones. People need vitamin D to allow the intestines to stimulate and absorb
calcium and reclaim calcium that the kidneys would otherwise excrete.
Vitamin B12 -
Definition: any of a group of substances ( the vitamin B complex ) that are essential
for the working of certain enzymes in the body and, although not chemically related,
are generally found together in the same foods. They include thiamine ( vitamin B1 ),
riboflavin ( vitamin B2 ). Pyridoxine ( vitamin B6 ), and cyanocobalamin (vitamin
B12).
Benefits: Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that helps keep the body’s nerve and blood cells
healthy and helps make DNA, the genetic material in all cells. Vitamin B12 also helps
prevent a type of anemia called megaloblastic anemia that makes people tired and
weak.
Folate -
Definition: folate is a B vitamin that occurs naturally in foods such as green leafy
vegetables, citrus fruit, and beans.
Benefits: Folate (vitamin B-9) is important in red blood cell formation and for healthy
cell growth and function. The nutrient is crucial during early pregnancy to reduce the
risk of birth defects of the brain and spine.

Minerals:
Iron -
Definition: iron is an essential element of various metabolic processes in humans,
including DNA synthesis, electron transport, and oxygen transport. Unlike other
minerals, iron levels in the human body are controlled only by absorption.
Benefits: Iron is a mineral that the body needs for growth and development. Your
body uses iron to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
from the lungs to all parts of the body, and myoglobin, a protein that provides oxygen
to muscles. Your body also needs iron to make some hormones.
Magnesium -
Definitions: a mineral involved in many processes in the body including nerve
signaling, the building of healthy bones, and normal muscle contraction. About 350
enzymes are known to depend on magnesium.
Benefits: Energy creation: Helps convert food into energy.
Protein formation: Helps create new proteins from amino acids.
Gene maintenance: Helps create and repair DNA and RNA.
Muscle movements: This is part of the contraction and relaxation of muscles.
Nervous system regulation: Helps regulate neurotransmitters, which send messages
throughout your brain and nervous system.
Selenium -
Definition: an essential mineral that is a component of an antioxidant enzyme,
glutathione reductase, that is key in tissue respiration.
Benefits: Selenium plays an important role in the health of your immune system. This
antioxidant helps lower oxidative stress in your body, which reduces inflammation
and enhances immunity. Studies have demonstrated that increased blood levels of
selenium are associated with enhanced immune response.
Phosphorus -
Definitions: the chemical element of atomic number 15, a poisonous, combustible
nonmetal which exists in two common allotropic forms, white phosphorus, a
yellowish waxy solid which ignites spontaneously in air and glows in the dark, and
red phosphorus, a less reactive form used in making matches.
Benefits: Keeping the bones and teeth strong, helping the muscles contract
aiding muscle recovery after exercise, filtering and removing waste from the kidneys,
promoting healthy nerve conduction throughout the body, making DNA and RNA,
managing the body’s energy usage and storage.
 APA citations:

Annigan, Jan. (n.d.). The Digestion of Cheese in Humans. LIVESTRONG.COM.

https://www.livestrong.com/article/525509-the-digestion-of-cheese-in-humans/.

Adams, A. (2012). The Digestion Process of Pasta. prezi.com.

https://prezi.com/jrkah7ctry7h/the-digestion-process-of-pasta/?frame=b639aacbe
1eed7d6fa4f6f1d86d4ac2ebc3562e7.

Joseph, M. (2020, October 17). Is Mozzarella Cheese Good For You? Nutrition
Advance. https://www.nutritionadvance.com/mozzarella-cheese-nutrition-facts/.

Protein Digestion and Absorption. (n.d.).

https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/an-introduction-to-nutrition/s10-03-prote
in-digestion-and-absorpti.html#:~:text=The%20mashed%20egg%20pieces%20e
nter,the%20breakdown%20of%20the%20protein.
Nutrients & Vitamins in Eggs: 11 Different Nutrients. Australian Eggs. (2019,
October 22). https://www.australianeggs.org.au/nutrition/nutrients-and-vitamins.

Designer. Calories in Lasagne - Nutritional Information and Diet Info. (n.d.).

https://www.fitbit.com/foods/Lasagne/20493.

Gale, K. (2016, February 29). Nutritional Qualities of Beef. Nutritional Qualities

of Beef - Beef Cattle Research Council.
http://www.beefresearch.ca/research-topic.cfm/nutritional-qualities-of-beef-47#:
~:text=Beef%20is%20a%20source3,conjugated%20linoleic%20acid%20(CLA).

McIntosh, J. (2019, October 9). Eggs: Health benefits, nutrition, and more.
Medical News Today.
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%3A%20The%20protein%20in,body%20needs%20to%20produce%20energy.

Ware, M. (2017, September 13). Cheese: Types, health benefits, and risks.
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Harris, S. (2018, July 24). Is pasta healthy? Benefits and types. Medical News
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Csatari, J. (2021, April 30). What Happens When You Eat Ground Beef, Says
Science. Eat This Not That.
https://www.eatthis.com/what-happens-body-eat-ground-beef/.

Davis, C. P. (2021, March 29). Definition of Magnesium. MedicineNet.

https://www.medicinenet.com/magnesium/definition.htm#:~:text=Medical%20D
efinition%20of%20Magnesium&text=Magnesium%3A%20A%20mineral%20in
volved%20in,contained%20in%20all%20unprocessed%20foods.

Spritzler, F. (2018, September 3). 10 Evidence-Based Health Benefits of

Magnesium.
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-proven-magnesium-benefits.

Stöppler, M. C. (2021, March 29). Definition of Selenium. MedicineNet.

https://www.medicinenet.com/selenium/definition.htm#:~:text=Selenium%3A%
20An%20essential%20mineral%20that,and%20some%20grains%20and%20seed
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Fletcher, J. (2019, July 1). Health benefits of phosphorus in your diet. Medical
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https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325623#health-benefits.

Kubala, J. (2019, August 20). 7 Science-Based Health Benefits of Selenium.

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/selenium-benefits.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2021, March 22). Office of
Dietary Supplements - Iron. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements.
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neral%20that,iron%20to%20make%20some%20hormones.

Ems, T., Lucia, K. S., & Huecker, M. R. (2021, April 26). Biochemistry, Iron
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0essential%20element,are%20controlled%20only%20by%20absorption.

staff, mayo clinic. (2021, February 23). Folate (folic acid). Mayo Clinic.
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B%20vitamin,folate%20are%20often%20used%20interchangeably.

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https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/#:~:text=Vitamin%20B
12%20is%20a%20nutrient,makes%20people%20tired%20and%20weak.

Ware, M. (2019, November 7). Vitamin D: Benefits, deficiency, sources, and

dosage. Medical News Today.
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plays%20a%20significant,the%20kidneys%20would%20otherwise%20excrete.
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in%20is%20a%20vitamin%20that,be%20used%20by%20the%20body.