Reduction of Multiple

Subsystems

Fundamental of Control System

Andik Yulianto, ST., MT.

 1. To study block diagrams, their components, and their underlying
mathematics.

2. To obtain transfer function of systems through block diagram

manipulation and reduction.

3. To introduce the signal-flow graphs.

4. To establish a parallel between block diagrams and signal-flow

graphs.

5. To use Marson’s gain formula for finding transfer function of

systems.

6. To introduce state diagrams.

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto

 R
• Let consider the following RC circuit

ei C eo
i
• First see the equation of output

eo 
 idt Laplace
eo 
I s Block
Transf. Diagram
C Cs

• Equation consider to the input

ei  eo Laplace Ei ( s)  Eo ( s ) Block
i Transf.
I Diagram
R R

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto

 • Assembly the elements of each block

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
 • Cascade System

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
 input node (source)
transmittance
branch
mixed node x4
mixed node
node
d
x1 a b path
x3
1
forward
x path
2 loop x3
c

input node (source) output node (sink)

n
xi   aij x j i  1, 2,3,..., n
j 1

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto

 block diagram: signal flow graph:
R (s) C (s) G (s )
G (s)
R (s ) C (s )

R(s) E(s) C(s) 1 G (s )

G(s) C (s )
+ R (s ) E (s )  H (s )
_
H (s)

N (s )
R (s ) E (s )
+ C (s ) 1 G (s ) 1
N (s )
1
G (s )
+ + R (s ) E (s)  H (s) C (s) C (s)

_
H (s )

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto

 block diagram: signal flow graph:

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
 a
x1 x 2  ax1
x2
a b ab
x1 x2 x3 x1 x2
a
ab
x1 x2 x1 x2
b
x1 ac
x1 a
c x4
x3 x4 x2 bc
x2 b
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto
 x 3  bx 2
x1 a x 2 b x 3
x 2  ax 1  cx 3
c

x1 ab x3
x3  abx1  bcx 3

bc
ab
x3 ab
1  bc 
x1 x3 x1 1  bc

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto

 x1  a 11 x1  a 12 x 2  a 13 x 3  b1 u 1
x 2  a 21 x1  a 22 x 2  a 23 x 3  b 2 u 2
x 3  a 31 x1  a 32 x 2  a 33 x 3
x1 a31
a11 a33
1 a22 x2
b1 a21 x2
u1 x3
x1 a12 a23a32 x3 1
u2 b2
a13
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems Andik Yulianto