Reduction of Multiple

Subsystems
Fundamental of Control System

Andik Yulianto, ST., MT.
Andik Yulianto
1. To study block diagrams, their components, and their underlying
mathematics.

2. To obtain transfer function of systems through block diagram
manipulation and reduction.

3. To introduce the signal-flow graphs.

4. To establish a parallel between block diagrams and signal-flow
graphs.

5. To use Marsons gain formula for finding transfer function of
systems.

6. To introduce state diagrams.


Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto
Let consider the following RC circuit


First see the equation of output




Equation consider to the input
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
R
C e
i
e
o
i

i o
e e
i
R

o
idt
e
C

Laplace
Transf.

o
I s
e
Cs

Block
Diagram
Laplace
Transf.
Block
Diagram
( ) ( )
i o
E s E s
I
R

Andik Yulianto
Assembly the elements of each block
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto
Cascade System
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
input node (source)
b 1
x a
2
x
c
4
x
d
1
3
x
3
x
output node (sink)
mixed node
input node (source)
mixed node
forward path
path
loop
branch
node
transmittance
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
) (s R
) (s G
) (s C
) (s G
) (s R ) (s C
block diagram: signal flow graph:
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
) (s R
_
+
) (s H
) (s G
) (s C
) (s E
block diagram:
signal flow graph:
) (s G
) (s R
) (s C
1
) (s E ) (s H
Andik Yulianto

Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
) (s R
_
+
) (s H
) (s G
) (s C
) (s E
block diagram:
signal flow graph:
) (s G
) (s R ) (s C
1
) (s E ) (s H
+
+
) (s N
) (s N
1
1
) (s C
Andik Yulianto

1
x
a
2
x
1 2
ax x
b
1
x
a
2
x
3
x
1
x
ab
2
x
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

b
a
2
x
1
x
c
4
x
3
x
bc
ac
2
x
1
x
4
x
1
x
b a
2
x
1
x
2
x
a
b
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

1
x
bc
ab
1
3
x
1
x
3
x
a
b
c
2
x
ab
1
x
bc
3
x
bc
ab
x
x

1
1
3
3 1 2
2 3
cx ax x
bx x

3 1 3
bcx abx x
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems
Andik Yulianto

1 1 3 13 2 12 1 11 1
u b x a x a x a x
2 2 3 23 2 22 1 21 2
u b x a x a x a x
3 33 2 32 1 31 3
x a x a x a x
3
x
1
x
2
x
1
1
1
u
1
b
12
a
11
a
13
a
1
x
3
x
2
x
2
u
2
b
23
a
22
a
21
a
33
a
31
a
32
a
Fundamental of Control System - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems