Computer Essentials - Windows 7

(Computer Essentials) Windows 7
Computer Essentials
‫أساسيات الكمبيوتر‬
New ICDL Teacher

Prepared By: Eng. Samy Abdel Salam Mahmoud
Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 1

To  Click on the Start

 Shut down button
 Switch User  From Start menu
 Log Off  Click Shut down
 Lock
 Restart
the computer
‫لـــ‬
‫ إغالق‬
‫ التنقل بين المستخدمين‬
‫ الخروج من مستخدم‬
)‫ قفل الجهاز (يشترط وجود كلمة مرور‬
‫ إعادة التشغيل‬
‫الكمبيوتر‬
‫ملحوظلة‬
Note: Shut down=Turn off

 To close program is  Press the Ctrl+Alt+Delete keys
not responding= hang up = Frozen
 Select The Start Task Manager Option.
 The Task Manger will display
‫لغلق برنامج‬
‫ غير مستجيب = معلق = متجمد‬ Select the not responding program
 Click on the End Task button

To open the Control Panel  Click on Start button
‫ لفتح لوحة التحكم‬ Select Control Panel
‫وهو برنامج ضمن نظام‬

‫التشغيل يستخدم لضبط‬
.‫الكمبيوتر وملحقاته‬
To view system properties:  Start - Control Panel

 Click on System and
 Operating System type
Security
 CPU type  Click on System
 RAM size
Or
: ‫لعرض خصائص النظام من حيث‬
‫ نوع نظام التشغيل‬  Right Click on
‫ نوع المعالج‬ Computer
‫ حجم الذاكرة‬  Select Properties

To add or remove  Start- Control Panel
languages
 Click on Clock,
‫الضافة او ازالة لغات الكتابة‬ Language and Regions
 Click on Regional and

Language Options
 Click on Change
Display Language
 Click on Change
keyboards
 Click on the Add or

Remove

To change  Start- Control Panel

 Date
 Time  Click on Clock,
‫لتغيير التاريخ او الوقت‬ Language and
Regions
 Click on Date and

Time
To configure the
volume  Start- Control Panel
 Click on Hardware and
‫ للتحكم فى الصوت‬Sound
 Click on the Adjust system
volume

To open the Display  Right-click on an
Properties empty area
‫لفتح خصائص العرض‬  Select Personalize
To change the background =

wallpaper
‫لتغيير الخلفية = ورقة الحائط‬

To change the Screen Saver
‫لتغيير حافظ الشاشة‬
‫و وظيفته حماية الشاشة من التلف و الحفاظ على‬

‫نقاء الشاشة و جودتها‬
 To change the Screen

resolution
‫لتغيير نقاء الشاشة‬

To Uninstall =  Start menu

Remove Programs  Control Panel
 Click on Programs and features
‫ ال ازالة البرامج‬ Select the program
 Click on Uninstall button
To Format Removable  Right click on the

disk or floppy disk) Start button
‫ لتهيئة (تجهيز) قرص متنقل او‬ Select Open Windows

‫القرص المرن‬ Explore
 Right click on the

Removable disk
 Select Format
 Click on Start button.

To Print screen  Press Print Screen
key from the
‫لطباعة او تصوير الشاشة‬ Keyboard
 To open Getting  Click on the Start.

Started  All programs.
‫لفتح جولة مع نظام التشغيل‬  Accessories.
)7 ‫(ويندوز‬
 Click on Getting
Started.
To use Help  Start

 Help and Support
‫استخدام المساعد‬
‫هو برنامج ضمن نظام التشغيل‬

‫يستخدم للبحث عن اى موضوع‬
‫متعلق بنظام التشغيل و يقوم المساعد‬
‫بشرح هذا الموضوع‬

Text Editing Application  Click on Start

= (Word Pad)  All Programs
 Accessories
)‫ برنامج محرر النصوص (الدفتر‬ Click on WordPad
‫ ويستخدم هذا البرنامج لكتابة نص‬

‫بسيط وتنسيقه باسلوب بسيط جدا‬
Note:
Application = Program

To save a file to a specific  Click on Word Pad Button
folder = directory  Select Save as
‫لحفظ الملف فى مجلد محدد او‬

‫مكان محدد‬

To open an existing  Click on Word Pad Button
file  Select Open
‫لفتح ملف موجود مسبقا‬
To Print Preview a  Click on Word Pad Button

document  Point on Print
 Select Print Preview
‫لمعاينة المستند قبل الطباعة‬

To print a document  Click on Word Pad Button

 Point on Print
‫لطباعة المستند‬  Select Print
To create a new file =

document  Click on Word Pad Button
 Click on New
‫النشاء ملف جديد او مستند جديد‬
To close the Word Pad  Click on Word
Pad Button
‫لغلق برنامج الدفتر‬  Click on Exit
Or:
 Click on Close

To select an icon  Single click on the required icon
‫لتحديد ايقونة = رمز‬
To move an icon  Click on the icon

 Depress the left mouse button
‫لتحريك ايقونة‬
 Drag the icon to the new location
To open an icon
 Double click on the Double click
‫لفتح ايقونة‬ icon
To Arrange = Sort
 Right click on the desktop
your Desktop icons:
 Select Sort by
1. By Name
2. By Size
3. By Type
4. By date Modified
: ‫لترتبب رموز سطح المكتب‬
‫حسب االسم‬ .1
‫حسب الحجم‬ .2
‫حسب النوع‬ .3
‫حسب التاريخ‬ .4
To Auto Arrange your

Desktop icons
‫لترتيب رموز سطح المكتب‬
‫تلقائيا‬
To Hide /Show your
Desktop icons
‫الخفاء او اظهار رموز سطح‬
‫المكتب‬

The main parts of a  Title bar
window ‫شريط العنوان‬
 Ribbon
‫المكونات االساسية للنافذة‬ ‫شريط القوائم‬
 Status bar
‫شريط الحالة‬
 Scroll bar
‫شريط التمرير‬
To make a window Click and drag
taller or shorter
‫لجعل النافذة اطول او اقصر‬
To make a window
wider or narrower
‫لجعل النافذة اعرض او اضيق‬

To Move a window  Click on the Title Bar
‫لتحريك النافذة‬  Depress the left mouse

button
 Drag to new location
Minimize ‫تصغير = طى‬

Maximize =Full Screen ‫تكبيير ملئ الشاشة‬
Restore ‫استعادة او استرجاع‬
Close ‫غلق‬
 Click the icon, in
the Taskbar
To switch between Or
opened windows
‫للتنقل بين النوافذ المفتوحة‬
 Press Alt + tab

keys from the
keyboard

‫‪(Computer Essentials) Windows 7‬‬
‫‪To open the‬‬

‫‪Windows Explorer‬‬
‫‪application‬‬ ‫‪Start – All Programs – Accessories - Windows Explorer‬‬
‫لفتح برنامج مستكشف‬
‫النوافذ‬
‫‪ ‬هو برنامج متخصص فى ادارة الملفات و المجلدات وهو برنامج ضمن نظام التشغيل ‪.‬‬
‫خصائص الجهه اليسرى‬ ‫خصائص الجهه اليمنى‬
‫‪ ‬هى منطقة لعرض الرموز االساسية و المجلدات االصلية ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬هى منطقة لعرض محتويات ما نختاره من الجهه اليسرى ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬يوجد رمز ‪ Desktop‬فى المستوى االول النه بوابة الدخول الى‬ ‫‪ ‬يظهر بها جميع انواع الملفات و المجلدات و البرامج و‬
‫اى شى داخل الكمبيوتر ‪.‬‬ ‫االختصارات ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ما يتفرع من ‪ Desktop‬مباشرا فهو موجود على سطح المكتب‬ ‫‪ ‬هى منطقة التعامل مع المجلدات و الملفات من حيث االنشاء او‬
‫بالفعل ‪.‬‬ ‫اعادة التسمية او الحذف ‪ ...‬الخ‬
‫‪To create a new‬‬ ‫‪ Right click on an empty‬‬

‫‪folder‬‬ ‫‪area‬‬
‫‪ New ---> Folder‬‬
‫النشاء مجلد جديد‬
‫‪Or‬‬
‫‪ Click on New Folder‬‬
‫‪button from the Ribbon‬‬
‫‪Witty Way Academy - Ismailia‬‬ ‫‪Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

To expand a
 Click on the
branch
‫للتمدد مستوى فرعى‬
To collapse a
branch  Click on the
‫لالنكماش مستوى فرعى‬
To rename files or  Right click on the folder

folders  Select Rename
‫العادة تسمية الملفات او‬

‫المجلدات‬
Or :
 Select the folder
 Click on Organize
button Menu
 Select Rename
Beware of
re-naming certain
files with these EXE INI
extensions BAT COM
‫كن حذر من اعادة تسمية‬ DLL SYS
‫هذه االنواع من الملفات‬
‫حيث انها ملفات خاصة‬
‫بنظام التشغيل ويندوز او‬
‫ملفات برامج تطبيقية‬

To view file or  Right click on the folder
folder properties or file
 Select Properties
‫لعرض خصائص الملف او‬
‫المجلد‬
Or
 Select the File or Folder

button
To view the size  Right click on the folder

of file or folder icon
‫لعرض حجم الملف او المجلد‬
Or

button
To count up the  Right click on the

number of files folder icon
and folders  Select Properties
within a folder
‫لعد الملفات و المجلدات‬ Or

‫الموجودة داخل مجلد‬

button

To protect a file =  Right click on the file
read only  Select the Properties
 Check on the Read-only
‫لحماية الملف = اجعله‬
‫للقراءة فقط‬
Or

button
 Check on the Read-only

To delete a file or a  Right click

folder  Select Delete
‫لمسح (حذف) ملف او مجلد‬
Or
 Select the File or

Folder
button
Note: Delete =  Select Delete
Remove = Erase
To view contents of  Double click on the

the Recycle Bin Recycle Bin icon
‫لعرض محتويات سلة‬

‫المحذوفات‬
To restore files that  Right click on the file

are contained  Select Restore
within the Recycle
Bin to its original
location Or
‫السترجاع ملفات موجودة داخل‬
‫السلة الى مكانها االصلى‬  Select the file
 Click on the Restore
this item button

To empty the  Click the Empty the Recycle
Recycle Bin Bin.
‫الفراغ محتويات سلة المحذوفات‬
To delete files rather than sending

them to the Recycle Bin  Select the file or folder
 Press Shift+Delete
‫لمسح الملفات دون ارسالها الى سلة المحذوفات‬
To view files and  Click on the view ‫ رموز كبيرة جدا‬
folders in different button ‫ رموز كبيرة‬
modes  Select the mode ‫ رموز متوسطة‬
‫لعرض الملفات و المجلدات فى‬ ‫ رموز صغيرة‬

‫انماط العرض المختلفة‬ ‫ قائمة‬
‫ تفاصيل‬
‫ تجانب‬
‫ محتوى‬
To arrange files in the  Click on the View
Windows Explorer button
 Select Details
‫لترتيب الملفات فى برنامج‬  To sort the list by
‫المستكشف‬ name, click on the
Name header
To select a continuous =  Click on the first file

adjacent block of files  Depress the Shift key
 Click on the last file
‫لتحديد مجموعة ملفات متتالية‬
:‫ملحوظة‬
Details ‫يجب ان نختار نمط العرض‬
‫تفاصيل اوال‬
To select non continuous  Click on the first file
block of files  Depress Ctrl key
 Click on the other files
‫لتحديد مجموعة غير ملفات متتالية‬
:‫ملحوظة‬
‫يجب ان نختار نمط العرض تفاصيل اوال‬

To cut = move files  Right click and select
or folders cut
 Right click on the new
‫لقص او نقل الملفات او‬ location and select
‫المجلدات من مكان الى مكان‬ Paste
‫اخر‬
Or:
 Select the required file
 Click on Organize button
 Select Cut
 Open the new location
 Click on Organize button
 Select Paste
To copy = duplicate  Right click and select

files or folders copy
‫لنسخ او تكرار الملفات او‬  Right click on the new

‫المجلدات‬ location and select
Paste
To create a shortcut  Right click on the

on the desktop folder
 Select send to
‫النشاء اختصار على سطح‬  From the sub menu
‫المكتب‬ select Desktop
(Create shortcut)

To create a shortcut  Right click on the
in the same location folder
 Select Create shortcut
‫النشاء اختصار فى نفس المكان‬
‫ليتم نقلهم الى مكان جديد فيما‬
‫بعد غير سطح المكتب‬
Searching for files and

folders Start
Type in the Search box
‫البحث عن الملفات او المجلدات‬

To search files or
folder by name  Click on keys +F
 Enter the name of the file you
‫البحث عن ملف او مجلد‬ are searching for.
‫بمعلومية االسم‬
 In the All or part of the file name
Click on the search button
To find =search files  Click on Search box

by modified= date  Select Date Modified
‫البحث عن ملف او مجلد‬

‫بمعلومية التاريخ‬
To search files by size  Click on Search box

 Select Size
‫البحث عن ملف او مجلد‬
‫بمعلومية الحجم‬

To search files by type  Click on Search box

 Select Type
‫البحث عن ملف بمعلومية النوع‬
To view recently  Start

used files  Point My Recent
Documents
‫لعرض الملفات المستخدمة‬
‫حديثا‬
To compress=  Right click on the folder

shrink = reduce  Select send to
files or folders  Select compressed
(zipped) Folder
‫لضغط = تقليل حجم الملفات‬
‫او المجلدات‬
To extract  Right click on the zipped

compressed files folder
 Select the Extract all
‫ لفك الملفات المضغوطة‬ Select Next
 Select Next
 Select Finish

To run the Antivirus =

(scan and disinfect)  Start
‫ لتشغيل برنامج مضاد الفيروسات الذى‬ All Programs
‫ يقوم بالبحث عن الفيروسات و تطهير‬ Click on the Antivirus
‫الملفات المصابة‬
Virus Infection ‫طرق اإلصابة بالفيروسات‬ ‫امثلة على مضادات الفيروسات‬

1- Storage devices ‫وحدات التخزين‬
 Floppy disk
 Zip disk
 Jazz disk 1. Norton Antivirus
 CD 2. MacAfee Antivirus
 DVD 3. Kaspersky Antivirus
 Hard disk = Local disk 4. Nod32 Antivirus
 Flash memory
 Tape backup
5. Antiver Antivirus
2- Local Area Networks =LANs ‫الشبكات المحلية‬ 6. AVG Antivirus
3- Internet ‫االنترنت‬
4- E-mails = Electronic Mail ‫الرسائل االلكترونية‬
To Update your  Click on the update button
Antivirus then select next
‫لتحديث برنامج مضاد‬
‫الفيروسات‬

To install a  Start menu

new printer  Click on
Control Panel
‫الضافة (تعريف) طابعة‬
‫جديدة‬
 Click on
Hardware and
Sound
 Click on Add a
Printer
To change the  Start

default printer  Printers and
faxes
‫لتغيير الطابعة‬  Right click on
‫االفتراضية وهى‬ the required
‫الطابعة التى تستقبل‬
printer
‫جميع اوامر الطباعة‬
‫تلقائيا وتقوم بتنفذها‬  Select Set as
‫تلقائيا‬ Default Print.
To view  Double click on

printer jobs the small printer
icon within the
‫لعرض وظائف الطابعة‬ Task bar
‫الحالية (عرض و‬
‫مشاهدة المهام التى تقوم‬
)‫بها الطابعة حاليا‬
)‫(مدير الطابعات‬
Or
 Right click on Or
the printer icon
 Select open
all...

To  Right click on
Cancel=delete the document
Pause  Select Cancel
Restart
a printed
document
‫ اللغاء‬
‫ توقف مؤقت‬
‫ اعادة طباعة‬
‫مستند‬

‫اإلمتدادات‬
‫تقوم البرامج المستخدمة في الكمبيوتر بصنع ملفات لحفظ المعلومات داخل هذه الملفات‬
- :‫وتعطيها االمتداد المميز لها كما بالجدول التالي‬
‫االمتداد‬ ‫نوع الملف‬ ‫البرنامج‬

samy.txt ‫ملف نص بسيط‬ WordPad
icdl.docx (‫ صور‬+ ‫ملف نص ) نصوص‬ Microsoft Word
*.xlsx ‫ملف جداول حسابية‬ Microsoft Excel
*.pptx ‫ملف عروض تقديمية‬ Microsoft PowerPoint
*.accdb ‫ملف قاعدة بيانات‬ Microsoft Access
*.wav ‫ملف صوت‬ Windows Media player
*.mp3 ‫ملف صوت‬ Windows Media player
*.avi ‫ملف فيديو‬ Windows Media player
*.exe (‫ملف تنفيذي ) تطبيقات‬ Executable files
*.pdf ‫ملف وثيقة إلكترونية‬ Acrobat Reader
*.html ‫ملف صفحة ويب‬ Internet Explorer
*.mpg ‫ملف فيديو‬ Windows Media player
*.asf ‫ملف فيديو‬ Windows Media player
*.rm ‫ملف صوت‬ Real player
*.ram ‫ملف فيديو‬ Real player
*.dat ‫ملف فيديو‬ Windows Media player
*.bmp ‫صور‬ pictures
*.jpg ‫صور‬ pictures
*.gif ‫صورالمتحركة‬ Animated pictures
*.zip ‫ملف مضغوط‬ WinZip
*.rar ‫ملف مضغوط‬ WinRar

Examples
Word------> ------> docx
Spreadsheets = Excel ------> ------> xlsx
Presentations = Power Point------> ------> pptx
Databases = Access------> ------> accdb
Compressed = Zipped------> Or -----> zip Or rar
Sound = (Audio) = (Wave) = Video----> Or ----> wav Or avi
Graphic = Picture = Image ------> Or ------> jpg Or bmp

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

‫تكنولوجيا المعلومات واالتصاالت‬
Hardware, Software, Information and Communication Technology
Hardware  The term hardware refers to the physical components of
‫ المكونات المادية‬your computer such as the system unit, mouse,
keyboard, monitor
Software  The software is the instructions that make the computer
‫ المكونات البرمجية‬work. Such as operating systems and application.
Information and  This is a general term which relates to the use of
Communication computers as an aid to managing, processing and
Technology representing information
(ICT)
‫تكنولوجيا المعلومات و‬
‫االتصاالت‬
Types of Computer
Mainframe  Mainframe computers are the big, powerful, expensive
Computer computers used by most large organizations. The power
‫ الحاسبات العمالقة‬of the mainframe can be distributed amongst many people
accessing the mainframe via their own PC.
PC  IBM invented the PC (Personal Computer) way back in
‫ الحاسب الشخصى‬1981. Most PCs ran an operating system called DOS (Disk
Operating System). These days most PCs will be running
a version of Microsoft Windows.
 The Apple Mac is a computer, but NOT a PC. It uses a
Mac different operating system, and requires special versions
‫ الحاسب الماكنتوش‬of application .In the early days the thing, which really
distinguished the Mac over the PC, was the GUI (Graphical
User Interface).
Networked  A networked computer is a computer connected to other
Computer computers via network. It also allows the sharing of
‫ الحاسب الشبكى‬resources.
Laptop and  Laptop computers are small portable computers, which
Notebook can run on batteries as well as mains power. They use
Computers special screens, which allow for longer battery life .A newer
‫ الحاسب المحمول‬term, “Notebooks”, simply indicates a VERY small laptop
Tablet  it is an A4-sized computer that has no keyboard and runs a
‫ الحاسب اللوحى‬modified version of the full computer operating software
Mobile phones  Combine telephone functions with other connection and
Smartphones communication services, such as sending SMS or MMS or
‫ الهواتف النقالة و‬even email.
‫الهواتف الذكية‬

Main Parts of a Personal Computer
The System Unit  The "system unit" is the name given to the main PC box
‫وحدة النظام‬
that houses the various elements such as the
Motherboard, CPU, RAM, ROM, Hard Disk, Floppy Disk
and CD-ROM drives.
The System  The system (mother) board in contained within your
(Mother) Board system unit and all the vital computer systems plug
‫اللوحة االم‬ directly into the system board
The CPU  The CPU is the brain of the computer.
‫وحدة المعالجة المركزية‬
 CPU performs all the calculations within the computer.
Memory (RAM)  The RAM (Random Access Memory) within your
‫الذاكرة المؤقتة‬ computer is where the operating system is loaded to when
you switch on your computer
 The more RAM you install the faster the computer.
ROM-BIOS  The ROM-BIOS (Read Only Memory - Basic Input
‫الذاكرة الدائمة‬
Output System) chip is a special chip held on your
motherboard.
Video Card  The picture which you see on your screen is a form of data
‫كارت الفيديو‬ and this data has to be stored somewhere. The on-screen
pictures are held in special memory chips called video
memory chips; these chips are usually located on the video
card.
Serial Port  The serial port is a socket located at the back of your
‫المنفذ المتسلسل‬ computer that enables you to connect items to the
computer, such as a modem and mouse.
Parallel Port  The parallel port is a socket located at the back of your
‫المنفذ المتوازى‬ computer that enables you to connect items to the
computer, such as a printer.
Universal Serial  The Universal Serial Bus is a relatively new item within
Bus (USB) the PC. You will see one or more USB sockets at the back
‫المنفذ المتسلسل العالمى‬ of the system unit, allowing you to plug in devices
designed for the USB. These devices include scanners
and digital cameras.
The Monitor  The monitor is the TV type screen that you view your
‫الشاشة‬ programs on, common sizes range from 15" to 21"
screens.
The Keyboard  The keyboard allows you to type information into the
‫لوحة المفاتيح‬ computer.
The Mouse  You use the mouse to select drop down menus, to point
‫الفارة‬ and click on items, to select items and to drag and drop
items from one place to another.
CD-ROM  Most computers are now supplied with a CD-ROM
‫األقراص المدمجة‬ (Compact Disc - Read Only Memory) drive. The
advantage of a CD-ROM is that it can hold a vast amount
of data (equivalent to the storage capacity of over 450
floppy disks).
DVD Drives  Short for "Digital Versatile Disc”. Similar to CD-ROM drives
‫األقراص متعددة االستخدام‬ but allows you to use DVD disks, A CD-ROM can store
650 MB of data, while a single-layer, single-sided DVD can
store 4.7GB of data.
 The two-layer DVD standard allows a capacity of 8.5GB,
and if double sided ups the storage capacity to 17GB. (or
over 25 times the data storage capacity of a CD-ROM!)
What are input  Input devices allow you to input information to the
devices? computer and include things such as the keyboard and
‫وحدات االدخال‬ mouse.
What are output  Output devices allow you to output information from the
devices? computer and include the printer and the monitor.
‫وحدات اإلخراج‬
Input Devices
The Keyboard  The keyboard is still the commonest way of entering
‫لوحة المفاتيح‬ information into a computer
Tracker Balls  A tracker ball is an alternative to the traditional mouse
‫الكرة الدوارة‬ used by graphic designers
Scanners  A scanner allows you to scan printed material and
‫الماسحات الضوئية‬ convert it into a picture file.
Touch Pads  A touch pad is a device that lays on the desktop and
‫اللوحة اللمسية‬ responds to pressure.
Web Cams  A recent development is to use a small digital movie
‫كاميرات االنترنت‬ camera (a Web cam) mounted on the PC monitor to allow
two-way communication involving sound and video
communication
Digital Cameras  A digital camera can be used in the same way a traditional
‫الكاميرات الرقمية‬ camera can, but instead of storing images on rolls of film it
use a chip of memory
Output Devices
Monitor or Screen  Monitor = Screen is the computer device used for
outputting visual data
Laser printers  Laser printers produce high print quality at high speed.
‫طابعات الليزر‬
Inkjet printers  Inkjet printers work by using tiny jets to spray ink onto the
‫طابعات نافثات للحبر‬ paper. Inkjet printers are very quiet in operation and
produce print quality comparable to that of laser printers,
Dot Matrix  Dot matrix printers work by firing a row of pins through an ink
printers ribbon onto the paper. The more pins the print head has the
‫طابعات نقطية‬ higher the quality of the print, most modern dot matrix printers
have 24 pins
Plotters  A plotter is an output device similar to a printer, but normally
‫الراسم‬ allows you to print larger images.
Input/output Devices
Modem  Some devices are both input and output devices.
‫ المودم‬ A modem can be used for downloading information from
web sites and receiving emails. It can also be used for
uploading and sending emails.
Touch screen  A touch screen can display a menu system (output
‫الشاشة اللمسية‬ device), and accept input when people touch the menus
displayed on the screen.

Storage Devices
Internal hard  Speed: Very fast! The speed of a hard disk is often
disks quoted as "average access time" speed, measured in
‫األقراص الصلبة الداخلية‬ milliseconds
 Capacity: Enormous! Often in excess of 10 Gigabytes. A
Gigabyte is equivalent to 1024 Megabytes.
 Cost: Hard disks costs are falling rapidly and normally
represent the cheapest way of storing data.
External hard  Speed: Normally slower that internal disks, but more
disks expensive versions offer the same performance as internal
‫األقراص الصلبة الخارجية‬ hard disks.
 Capacity: Same as internal disks.
 Cost: More expensive than internal disks.
Networked Drives  Is a hard disk connected to a network
‫األقراص الشبكية‬
Floppy Disks  Speed: Very slow!
‫ األقراص المرنة‬ Capacity: Normally 1.44 Mbytes.
 Cost: Very cheap.
CD-ROM Disks  Speed: Much slower than hard disks.
 Capacity: Around 650 Mbytes.
 Cost: Below £100 each (UK sterling).
DVD Drives  Speed: Much faster than CD-ROM drives but not as fast
as hard disks.
 Capacity: up to 17 Gbytes.
 Cost: Slightly higher than CD-ROM drives.
Measuring Memory
Bit  All computers work on a binary numbering system, i.e. they
process data in one's or zero's. This 1 or 0 level of storage
is called a bit.
Byte  A byte consists of 8 bits.
Kilobyte  A kilobyte (KB) consists of 1024 bytes.
Megabyte  A megabyte (MB) consists of 1024 kilobytes.
Gigabyte  A gigabyte (GB) consists of 1024 megabytes.
Terabyte  A terabyte (TB) consists of 1024 gigabyte.

Types of Software
What is an  The operating system is a special type of program that
Operating loads automatically when you start your computer. The
System? operating system allows you to use the advanced features
‫ما هو نظام التشغيل ؟‬ of a modern computer without having to learn all the details
of how the hardware works.
 IBM produced an operating system called OS/2 but this
was largely ignored and is only used by a few companies.
 UNIX and Linux are other examples of operating systems
which may be run on PCs.
 Other types of computers, such as those manufactured by
Apple have a completely different operating system.
What is an  An application program is the type of program that you use
Application once the operating system has been loaded.
Program?
‫ما هو البرنامج التطبيقى؟‬
Examples of  Microsoft Word

word-processing  Lotus Word Pro
applications  WordPerfect
Examples of  Microsoft Excel
spreadsheet  Lotus 123
applications
Examples of  Microsoft Access
database  Lotus Approach
applications
Examples of  Sage software
payroll
applications
Examples of  Microsoft PowerPoint
presentation  Lotus Freelance
applications
Web browsing  Applications used to view and interact with the World Wide
Web (WWW).
 Microsoft Internet Explorer
 Netscape Navigator
 Mozilla Fire fox
Web authoring  These applications allow almost anyone to create a web
site, quickly and easily.
 Microsoft FrontPage
 Macromedia Dream weaver

What is a  A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is simply an additional
Graphical User part of the operating system that displays windows and
Interface? drop down menus, and also enables you to drive your
‫ما هي الواجهة الرسومية‬ computer using a mouse
‫للمستخدم‬
LAN, WAN and WLAN
LAN  A LAN (Local Area Network) is a system whereby individual
‫الشبكة المحلية‬ PCs are connected together within a company or
organization
WAN  A WAN (Wide Area Network) as the name implies allows
‫الشبكة الواسعة – العريضة‬ you to connect to other computers over a wider area (i.e.
the whole world).
WLAN  A WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) such as a Wi Fi
‫الشبكة المحلية الالسلكية‬ network.
client/server  This term relates to the type of network where resources
network are kept centrally on the server and used locally by the
‫ الخادم‬/ ‫شبكة العميل‬ client.
Workgroup  The idea of a workgroup is that groups of people working
network together can share their resources with each other. People
‫مجموعات الشبكة‬ within the workgroup can share information on their hard
disks as well as sharing printers, modems and scanners
Intranet, Extranet
What is the  An Intranet is a smaller, closed version of the Internet,
difference which can only be accessed by authorized members of an
between the organization.
Internet and an
Intranet?
What is the  An Extranet is an Intranet which is partially accessible to
difference authorized outsiders. An Intranet is normally only
between an accessible by members of the same company or
Intranet and an organization; an extranet also allows outsiders who have
Extranet? been issued with a password to gain limited access to
information
The Internet
What is the  A collection of networks started by and for the US military to
Internet? enable them to 'survive' a nuclear war. Later adopted by the
educational system, and now exploited by the commercial
world.
What is the  The World Wide Web (WWW) is just a small part of the
difference Internet as a whole.
between the  The Internet relates to all the hardware and software
World Wide Web involved, as well as the WWW, it also includes FTP (File
(WWW) and the Transfer Protocol), email and newsgroups
Internet?

The Telephone Network in Computing

What is ADSL?  Short for 'Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line'. A more
recent technology which allows more data to be sent over
existing copper telephone lines, but requires a special
ADSL modem.
 ADSL allows data transfer rates of ranging from 0.5 to 8
Mbps when receiving data (called the downstream rate)
and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data (called the
upstream rate).
What is DSL?  Refers collectively to all types of 'Digital Subscriber Lines',
the two main categories being ADSL and SDSL. DSL
technology allows faster data transfer
Modem  Modem stands for “MODulate/DEModulate”. The modem
sends information from your computer across the telephone
system. The modem at the other end of the phone line,
converts the signal back
Baud rate  The baud rate tells you how fast a modem can send/receive
data. Most modern modems have a maximum baud rate of
56 Kilobits per second (Kb/sec).
Electronic World
E-mail  Email allows you to send a message to another person via
internet.
E-government  E-Government enables citizens to register for access to public
records, such as census information, government budgets,
specific articles of legislation.
E-learning  E-learning enables Students to practice their activities through
the Internet and internal networks such as online classes, e-
books, Learning Management systems (LMS), Online Courses,
online Martials and online assessments.
E-commerce  The phrase e-commerce relates to buying or selling via the
Internet.
E-banking  The phrase e-banking relates to managing your money online.
Instead of having to go to the local branch.
Tele-working  Tele-working is a broad term which refers to people working
at home connected to the rest of the organization via a
computer network.
Ergonomics
Good working  Be in a position to look down, not up, at the monitor.
practices  Place the monitor on the desk rather than on top of the
CPU box for the correct viewing level and to avoid neck
strain.
 Set the monitor back on the desk to avoid eye strain.
 Position the monitor to avoid glare from lighting or from
windows.
 Fit windows with adjustable blinds to remove any reflections
from the screen.
 Use a document holder beside the screen and at the same
level to minimize head and eye movements.
 Use the mouse on a mouse mat so that it will move
smoothly.
 Use a chair with adjustable height and backrest facilities.
 A footrest should be provided if required by the users.
 Under-desk knee and thigh clearances should be adequate
for different users.
 The elbow angle should be between 70° and 90°.
 Have the keyboard and mouse at the correct level for the
individual user.
 Ensure cables are safely secured.
 Supply adequate power points and do not overload them.
 Ensure that there are appropriate ventilation arrangements.

Information Security
User IDs and  A User ID is normally used to logon to a computer, or computer
passwords? network. It uniquely identifies you to the network.
 The password guarantees that no one can access the network
Choosing a secure  It is important to choose a password which cannot be easily

password guessed by other people. Ideally a password should be at least
8 characters long & contain a mixture of words and numbers.
 Your password is the only thing which will prevent someone else
logging into a computer using your user ID and impersonating
you.
Why do you need  If the hard disk stops working one day you could lose all
to back up your those years of work. For this reason it is VITAL that you
computer? take regular backups of the information which is stored on
the computer.
Computer Viruses
What are  Viruses are small man made programs which hide
computer themselves on your disks (both diskettes and your hard
viruses? disk). BEWARE: Viruses can destroy all your data.
How do viruses  Viruses hide on a disk and when you access the disk
infect PCs? (either a diskette or another hard disk over a network) the
virus program will start and infect your computer. The worst
thing about a computer virus is that it can spread from one
computer to another, either via use of infected floppy disk,
or over a computer network.
How to prevent  There are a number of third party anti-virus products
virus damage available. The main thing about your virus checker is that it
should be kept up to date.
How do your  The safest way to use a computer is to not connect it to a
protect computers Local Area network or the Internet. This is called a 'stand-
from attack? alone' computer
 Do not use floppy disks on that PC which have been used
in other computers
 Always make sure that all computers require an ID and
password to access them.
 Make sure that the password is long enough, contains a
random mixture of numbers and letters.
Copyright
Software  Most programs which you purchase are copyrighted and
Copyright Issues you must not copy them.
 Most text which you will find on the Internet is copyrighted
Copyright Issues  Freeware:
 This is software can be copied or downloaded free.
 Shareware:
 This is where you can use software for a free trial period.

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Computer Essentials - Windows 7

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(Computer Essentials) Windows 7

New ICDL Teacher

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 1

To  Click on the Start

Note: Shut down=Turn off

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 2

‫وهو برنامج ضمن نظام‬

To view system properties:  Start - Control Panel

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 Click on Regional and

 Click on the Add or

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 4

To change  Start- Control Panel

 Click on Date and

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 5

‫لفتح خصائص العرض‬  Select Personalize

To change the background =

‫لتغيير الخلفية = ورقة الحائط‬

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 6

‫لتغيير حافظ الشاشة‬

‫و وظيفته حماية الشاشة من التلف و الحفاظ على‬

 To change the Screen

‫لتغيير نقاء الشاشة‬

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 7

To Uninstall =  Start menu

To Format Removable  Right click on the

‫ لتهيئة (تجهيز) قرص متنقل او‬ Select Open Windows

 Right click on the

 Click on Start button.

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 8

 To open Getting  Click on the Start.

To use Help  Start

‫هو برنامج ضمن نظام التشغيل‬

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 9

Text Editing Application  Click on Start

‫ ويستخدم هذا البرنامج لكتابة نص‬

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 10

‫لحفظ الملف فى مجلد محدد او‬

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 11

‫لفتح ملف موجود مسبقا‬

To Print Preview a  Click on Word Pad Button

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To print a document  Click on Word Pad Button

To create a new file =

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 13

To select an icon  Single click on the required icon

‫لتحديد ايقونة = رمز‬

To move an icon  Click on the icon

To Auto Arrange your

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 14

‫لجعل النافذة اطول او اقصر‬

‫لجعل النافذة اعرض او اضيق‬

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 15

‫لتحريك النافذة‬  Depress the left mouse

Minimize ‫تصغير = طى‬

 Press Alt + tab

Witty Way Academy - Ismailia Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108 16

‫‪To open the‬‬

‫خصائص الجهه اليسرى‬ ‫خصائص الجهه اليمنى‬

‫‪To create a new‬‬ ‫‪ Right click on an empty‬‬

‫‪Witty Way Academy - Ismailia‬‬ ‫‪Mobile / 01017973764 - 01201863108‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫للتمدد مستوى فرعى‬

‫لالنكماش مستوى فرعى‬

To rename files or  Right click on the folder