1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

A library is a storehouse of knowledge and information created to

fill the gap of resources and services needed by the people on search of

information. It provides information materials on different format, print

and non-print. The role of a library is to meet efficiently the information

needs of the people and satisfy them of what they have found highly

helpful for them. Hence, libraries are good place to go for people who

need information sources for their personal development.

Public libraries are places that anchor community life and bring

people together. Public libraries aim to provide information services to

promote education of people of all sectors in the community to provide

materials for wholesome reactions and useful use of leisure time of the

people Garcia and Alay-ay ( 2013). All individuals in all walks of life have

equal rights to access the services offered in public libraries. Services

and resources offered in public library are free of charge and available for

access to whoever wants to utilize them. Thus, services of public libraries

should be delivered effectively to satisfy every individual who wants to

use the library.

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In 1973 the International Federation of Library Association (IFLA)

published Standards for Public Libraries which was later changed in

1986 into Guidelines for Public Libraries. These guidelines have been

framed to provide assistance to librarians in any situation to develop an

effective public library service related to the requirements of their local

community (Gill, 2001). The guidelines were developed by library

associations worldwide to help public libraries improve its management,

resources, and services and be functional through providing guiding

principles. The functionality needs of a library are mentioned with

guidelines so librarians would be guided on how to implement them.

In the Philippines, Standards for Public Libraries were developed

adapting the guidelines of International Federation of Library

Association. The standards specify definitions, performance, and design

criteria for the nine different areas of a library to achieve its purpose and

eventually reach functionality. The nine areas defined in the Standards

for Philippine Public Libraries are : mission, goals, and objectives ;

administration ; human resources ; collection development ; services and

utilization ; physical facilities ; information technology facilities and

services ; financial resources ; and Linkages and networking. These areas

are considered to be the areas of functionality needs of a public library

(http://paarl.wikispaces.com/file/view/Approved_Standards_for_Philippi

ne_Public_Libraries.pdf)
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Regardless of the established standards, according to Iwhiwhu &

Okorodudo (2012), performance of public libraries is affected because of

lack of infrastructure, insufficient finance, and unavailable information

facilities and maintenance. Ogbonna (2000) as cited by Ameyaw (2016)

indicated that factors such as, financial support from the government,

lack of collection development policy, and unavailability of standard

bibliographies and inadequate library spacing are problems retarding the

growth of collection development. These are important needs that must

be addressed upon to improve the library services and resources of the

library and the basic aim to bring the information needs of the people

will be achieved successfully.

It is important to identify the things that need to be developed and

improved in the library to achieve functionality. It would be easier to

improve the library after identifying those things because the

management will focus only on the area that needs prior concern. The

management, services, programs, and spaces are some of the things that

the library’s concern for the improvement to ensure that the service will

exist and explode information to the next generation of users (Rabaca

and Orlopia, 2015).

It is important to follow a standard or requirement for the

establishment and management of public libraries because this will give

guidelines to the public librarians on how should the different areas of

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public library be controlled. Public library standard will serve as a

measurement of functionality. Functionality is achieved when the

standards are met by a public library.

There may be a standard designed for public libraries, yet it is

undeniable that public libraries are still left behind with the fast

advancement of technology. In the study of Carungui (2015), he found

out that the absence of e-resources affects the user’s satisfaction.

Inadequate number of computers, and limited number or absence of

assistance in using e-resources leave users unsatisfied. This is an

indicator for public libraries to procure e-resources, computers and

check on their technical capacity. According to Carungui (2015), the

poor conditions of facilities point to the need for bigger budget for

improvements or acquisitions of new facilities. This finding only shows

an instance that public libraries have functionality needs that must be

addressed.

In the context of the study, five municipal public libraries in the

fifth district of Pangasinan are sources of information for its

stakeholders. Studying these municipal public libraries will serve as a

discovery and an eye opener of what municipal public libraries may

contribute for the development of the people when functionality needs

are met. The fifth district of Pangasinan is composed of eight

municipalities and one city, namely, Alcala, Bautista, Binalonan, Laoac,

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Pozorrubio, Santo Tomas, Sison, Villasis, and Urdaneta City. Of the eight

municipalities, only five have existing public municipal libraries, others

are not all actively operating due to varied constraints such as no library,

no qualified librarian to manage, shortage of budget, inadequate

resources and insufficient facilities. This shows that public libraries need

to be reinvigorated to be able to serve their functions to the community.

Thus, the study aimed to analyze the functionality needs of the

municipal public libraries of the fifth district of Pangasinan.

Theoretical Framework

Total Quality Management by Deming is a modern management

theory both a philosophy and a set of guiding principles that represent

the foundation of a continuously improving organization. Total Quality

Management is a system of continuous improvement engaging

participative management and focused on the needs of customers. TQM

seeks to integrate all institutions’ functions to meet its needs and

objectives (Astunkar, 2016). In the study, TQM is a useful way to

evaluate the quality of public library services and goal for continuous

improvement. By the implementation of TQM in the library,

functionality needs like unsatisfactory delivery of library services and

inadequate resources, will be improved to provide satisfaction of library

users.
 6

Another theory that supports the study is Customer Service Theory

which is based on identifying and satisfying the customer’s needs and

exceeding their expectation. In the highly competitive marketplace, the

focal firm has to be committed to deliver consistently high standards of

services to gain as well as to retain customer loyalty. In the study, this

theory helps in setting customer service standards for the excellent

delivery of resources and services to meet and satisfy the needs and

expectations of library users.

Synoptic planning theory defined by Hudson (1979) has roughly

four classical elements: goal-setting, identification of policy alternatives,

evaluation of means against ends, and implementation of policy. The

process is not always undertaken in this sequence, and each stage

permits multiple iterations, feedback loops and elaboration of sub-

processes. Synoptic planning typically looks at problems from a systems

viewpoint, using conceptual or mathematical models relating ends

(objectives) to means (resources and constraints). The theory helps in the

formulation of three year development plan for determining the goals and

identifying strategies to improve the functionality needs of the municipal

public libraries. By the application of this theory the three year

development plan of municipal libraries addressed the determined

functionality needs of municipal libraries.

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The identified theories are valuable to address the functionality

needs of municipal public libraries. Total Quality Management (TQM)

helps improve the library operation to give satisfaction to users.

Customer Service Theory supports the development of standards for the

excellent delivery of resources and services. Synoptic Planning Theory

helps determine the goals and identify strategies to improve the

functionality needs of the municipal public libraries.

Conceptual Framework

Public libraries play a significant role in the society particularly

serving as a repository of information for the people. People will be

helped to grow mentally, socially, emotionally, and economically and

eventually become productive citizens of the country when the purpose of

public libraries is realized.

The realization of functional public library will take place if

functionality needs are met. In so doing, public library must adapt

standards as guidelines for its operation. Through these standards, the

needs of a public library to be functional will be met.

International Federation of Library Association (IFLA) provided

guidelines now being used by public libraries worldwide. Guidelines for

Public Libraries include guidelines on administration, collection

development, services, human resources, and management of public

libraries.
 8

In line with IFLA Guidelines for public libraries, Philippine Public

Library Standards were crafted to give criteria for operative and

successful management of public libraries. It is required that public

libraries need to have their mission, vision, goals and objectives ; library

administration ; collection management ; services and utilization ;

physical facilities ; financial resources ; and linkages, networking and

collaboration. For successful operation public libraries need to assimilate

these significant components.

Public libraries must develop their mission, goals, and objectives to

have a direction of existence. Tallant (2009) stated that the development

of a vision, mission, and values of an organization is important for

strategic direction. Without the individual foundations of strong values

illustrated by a vision to be undertaken by a mission, an organization

cannot become an overly successful organization. Without developing a

mission, vision, and values to assist in developing a strategy, an

organization cannot identify. Therefore, in the administration of public

libraries, mission, vision, goals, and objectives must be incorporated and

informed to library users as well for better management.

Administration and management of public libraries is important

because libraries need to be administered and managed very well

(Pandita, 2013). The success of the management of the library also lies

on how the administration leads the plans and programs of the library.
 9

Clemens (2014) stressed that collection management in a public

library is under the responsibility of the librarian who may have the

training of collection development. The challenge to the librarian is to

provide excellent library materials for patrons. The information materials

acquired by the public library can make library functional. The library

collections may either motivate or drive patrons away to access them.

Library users may be encouraged to go to a public library when they

know that the library collections are relevant, reliable, updated, and

helpful to their research and information needs.

Similarly with the collections, library services and facilities have to

be physically accessible to all members of the community. Well situated

library buildings, good reading and study facilities, as well as relevant

technologies and sufficient opening hours convenient to the users are

equally important to deliver services effectively and successfully. It

similarly implies out-reach services for those unable to visit the library

(IFLA/UNESCO Public Library Manifesto, 1994).

Staff are a vitally important resource in the operation of a library.

Public library staff will require a range of skills and qualities, including

interpersonal skills, social awareness, teamwork and leadership and

competence in the practices and procedures of the organization

(IFLA/UNESCO Public Library Manifesto, 1994). The library staff are the

front liners of the library in delivering services to users.

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Financial management and financial planning are important to

ensure that the library operates efficiently (at optimum performance),

economically (at minimum cost), and effectively (at maximum benefit).

Financial resources sustain the operation of a public library. A strong

funding for public libraries relies on the full support of the local

government unit. Therefore, the library manager should ensure that

these funds are spent properly and in accordance with the agreed

priorities of the library and that the materials are maintained and made

available so that they can be of maximum benefit to the library user

(IFLA/UNESCO Public Library Manifesto, 1994).

Programs and activities of a public library then follow when

resources (collections, facilities, staff, financial) and services are obtained

efficiently. This is possible when functionality needs of municipal public

libraries are resolved.

It is a fact that municipal public libraries have functionality needs

that require immediate response to achieve their purpose of existence.

Public libraries must assess their operation to know what particular area

needs improvement. In determining the needs for improvement, it is

important to analyze them well to be able to craft an effective

development plan. The development plan provides effective measures to

improve the public library operation. Further, the determined

functionality needs will be the basis for improvement.

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On the basis of the above theories and concepts, the researcher

presents the research paradigm which is illustrated in Figure 1. In the

figure, the input, process, and output are presented. The input contains

the functionality of municipal public libraries. The process encompasses

the thematic analysis on the functionality needs of the municipal public

libraries and the formulation and validation of three year development

plan for functional municipal public libraries. The output contains the

validated three-year development plan for municipal public libraries in

the Fifth District of Pangasinan.

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Figure 1. Research paradigm

Input Process Output

I. Thematic Analysis

on the functionality

needs of the

municipal public

libraries

Functionality Needs
Validated three- year
of Municipal Public II. Formulation and development plan for
Municipal Public
Libraries validation of three- Libraries in the Fifth
District of
year development Pangasinan

plan for functional

Municipal public

libraries
 13

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to analyze the functionality needs of municipal

libraries in the fifth district of Pangasinan as basis for three-year

development plan.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the functionality needs of the municipal public libraries?

2. What validated three year development plan of public libraries in

the fifth district of Pangasinan could be proposed to improve the

management of municipal public libraries?

Assumptions

1. The functionality needs of municipal public libraries are low

number of users, inadequate resources and poor services.

2. A three-year development plan can improve the operation of

municipal public libraries.

Importance of the Study

The results of this study will help and benefit the following

specifically:

The findings will help the municipal public libraries improve their

operation by determining effective measures to address each

functionality need.

The findings will motivate municipal public librarians encountering

problems in library management to implement the researcher’s findings.

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The findings provide municipal public librarians solutions to treat

the functionality needs of municipal public libraries and eventually

achieve full functionality.

The findings will inform the local government officials of their

significant role in addressing the functionality needs of the municipal

public libraries. Their full support is essential because the main support

of municipal public libraries depends on them.

The findings are important to the library users of municipal public

libraries as this will help the improvement of library resources and

delivery of services which are intended to be utilized by the library users.

The findings will contribute information to the collections of

research in stored at Saint Luis College Library and other institutions

that will have a copy of this study. They will provide access to

researchers to the study to be conducted.

The findings will serve as reference and guide to the students in

the conduct of their study relative to functionality of municipal public

libraries.

The researcher was enlightened and became more knowledgeable

on the current situation of municipal public libraries. Her research

ability was sharpened and deepened for discovering effective measures to

resolve the functionality needs of the municipal public libraries.

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This can be used by future researchers as reference for their study

on public library. They can use this study to validate, pattern, and

compose their research output efficaciously.

Definition of Terms

This section presents the terms used in the study. Defined in the

perspective of how they are used or stated to in this to expedite better

comprehension.

Functionality Needs. These refer to the important components of

library management needed for successful library operation

Five Year Library Development Plan. This refers to the strategic

measurable goals that a library plans to meet within a certain period of

time. It composes detailed strategy to address the functionality needs of

public libraries.

Public Libraries in the Fifth District of Pangasinan. These are

the libraries funded by the local government and are under the

supervision of the local government officials in Pangasinan. The study is

conducted to these public libraries specifically, Sison Municipal Library,

Pozorrubio Municipal Library, Villasis Municipal Library, Sto. Tomas

Municipal Library, and Alcala Municipal Library.

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CHAPTER II

METHOD AND PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the research design, sources of data, tools

for data analysis, formulation of three year development plan, and ethical

consideration.

Research Design

This study made use of phenomenology research design. It was

used because it described a lived experience of phenomenon. Creswell

(2013) defined phenomenology as an approach to qualitative research

that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular

group. The fundamental goal of the approach is to arrive at a description

of the nature of the particular phenomenon. This approach was

appropriate to the study because it used qualitative techniques like

interview, observations, and others to identify the functionality needs of

municipal public libraries.

This study utilized qualitative approach. The aim of qualitative

research is to understand the social reality of individuals, groups and

cultures as nearly as possible as its participants feel it or live it (McLeod

(2008). Qualitative research according to DeFranzo (2011) is primarily

exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying

reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem

 17

or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative

research. Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in thought

and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem.

Sources of Data

Locale and Population of the Study. This study was conducted

among the Municipalities of fifth district of Pangasinan with existing

public libraries. The five existing municipal libraries are presented to the

panel of evaluators and was approved as the locale of the study. These

are municipal libraries of Alcala, Sto. Tomas, Villasis, Pozorrubio, and

Sison. The number of respondents interviewed was recommended by the

panel of evaluators.

The respondents of this study were composed of five (5) municipal

librarians and fifty (50) library users of the five municipal public libraries

since data from respondents have been fully exhausted. This is in

support of purposive sampling. Palinkas (2015) describes purposive

sampling as a technique widely used in qualitative research for the

identification and selection of information-rich cases for the most

effective use of limited resources. Cresswell & Plano Clark, (2011) as

cited by Palinkas (2015) further explained that this involves identifying

and selecting individuals or groups of individuals that are especially

knowledgeable about or experienced with a phenomenon of interest. The

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knowledge and experiences of individuals are used as the basis of

selection.

Table 1. Distribution of Respondents

Name of Municipal Library Librarian Library Users

Alcala Municipal Library 1 11
Pozorrubio Municipal Library 1 10
Sison Municipal Library 1 9
Sto. Tomas Municipal Library 1 10
Villasis Municipal Library 1 10
Total 5 50

Instrumentation and Data Collection. The instrument used to

gather data were two sets of interview guide questions. Nine questions

made for the municipal librarians and 8 questions for the library users.

The questions were crafted by the researcher based on the Standard for

Philippine Public Libraries which contains the essential components of a

functional public library. These were presented to and approved by

internal evaluators and as well as three external validators.

The researcher secured permission from the designated local

official supervising the municipal public library by giving a letter of

request to interview. Prior to the actual interview, the consent of the

respondent was asked for the video and audio documentation. Further,

the researcher discussed the confidentiality treatment of the identity of

the respondent and the information that he or she will provide. The

interview was conducted by the researcher inside the municipal public

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library and some outside of it. The questions were open-ended, semi

structured and prepared in advance. The semi-structured interview is a

qualitative data collection strategy in which the researcher asks

informants a series of predetermined but open-ended questions

(http://methods.sagepub.com/reference/sage-encyc-qualitative-

research-methods/n420.xml ). The interview lasted 6 to 20 minutes per

respondent.

Validity of the Interview Guide Question. The interview guide

questions were presented to the panel for corrections, comments and

suggestions before they were distributed and presented for validation by

two experts in the field of public libraries and one expert in English

language. The computed level of validity is 4.06 ( Appendix C) which is

interpreted as highly valid, thus establishing the validity of the interview

guide questions intended for the respondents.

Tools for Data Analysis

The responses of the respondents were recorded through audio

and video which were transcribed first. Codes were given to each of the

respondents to hide their identities - L code for municipal public

librarian and U code for library users. The transcripts were analyzed

thematically from the qualitative data collected in open-ended items in

the interview were analyzed thematically using content analysis, as

 20

themes and sub-themes emerged from the data. The synthesis took the

form of three stages which overlapped to some degree: the free line-by-

line coding of the findings of primary studies; the organisation of these

‘free codes’ into related areas to construct ‘descriptive’ themes; and the

development of ‘analytical’ themes (Thomas and Harden, 2007).

Formulation of Three Year Development Plan

After a careful thematic analysis on the functionality needs of the

municipal public libraries, the researcher came up with a Three-Year

Development Plan that aimed to address the functionality needs of

municipal public libraries. The Three-Year Development Plan focused the

development of functionality needs of municipal libraries found in this

study. These were the development of VMGO, human resources,

collection, physical facilities, IT facilities and services, budget and

linkages. In the Three Year Development Plan, each functionality need

was provided with specific objective, strategies, person involved, time

frame, budget, and evaluation tool for development. These components

for developing the functionality needs were carefully planned and

formulated.

To establish the validity of the proposed Three-Year Development

Plan, it was presented to the researcher’s adviser and panel of evaluators

 21

for critiquing. Further, this was forwarded to external expert validators

for approval.

Ethical Consideration

Proper coordination was made by the researcher to the anticipated

participants for the study. A letter of request to interview was obtained

from the Graduate School Dean to facilitate the researcher’s visits to

selected libraries to conduct interviews. The letters were given personally

by the researcher to the offices of the municipal mayor and vice-mayor to

seek for approval of conducting the interview.

Before the actual interview, the participants were asked for their

consent to participate in the interview and the interview will be recorded

through audio or video. The participants were given the option to select

which method of documentation he/she prefers. Further, the

participants were informed about the nature and purpose of the study.

The researcher assured them that their identity and all data they

provided were treated with confidentiality. The researcher undertook

scholarly treatment of the data gathered.

Further, references were properly cited in the different parts of the

study.
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CHAPTER III

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the interview analysis of the functionality

needs of municipal public libraries based on the data gathered from the

municipal librarians and library users.

Functionality Needs of Municipal Public Libraries

Public libraries exist to provide free access to information to the

people of the community. It is the function of public libraries to make

information materials readily available to anyone who needs them. To

better perform their functions, there are significant needs to integrate in

the operation of public libraries. Without these needs, it is impossible for

public libraries to operate functionally.

Promotion of Vision, Mission, Goals, and Objectives

Vision, mission, goals, and objectives (VMGO) are important

components of a successful organization. These serve as the core reason

why an organization and an institution exist. The municipal public

librarians were asked on the existence of VMGO of municipal public

libraries and how they inform to the library users. A respondent was

unfamiliar to vision, mission, goals, and objectives. The respondent said:

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L3: Aguray ta adda vision saan ko maimemorize… I am not

aware if it was informed by the former librarian personally. I
am not informing them. (Wait there’s a vision but I can’t
memorize… I am not aware if it was informed by the former
librarian personally. I am not informing them).

It can be deduced that the municipal public libraries have VMGO

yet the librarians are not familiar with it. The VMGO is not well

promoted, advertised, and disseminated so the public is unfamiliar with

it. Based on the observation of the researcher, the VMGO of the

municipal public libraries are not posted at conspicuous places of the

library.

It can be assumed, further, that the municipal public librarians

valued the existence of vision, mission, goals, and objectives of municipal

public libraries but seemingly they have limited actions in familiarizing,

disseminating, promoting, and advertising the VMGO of the municipal

public libraries. They may only thought more on the formulated VMGO

but less on how they should disseminate it to the public until such time

that the VMGO of the public library sinks in the hearts and minds of the

library users. The municipal librarians should have more informed the

library users not only by displaying and posting the VMGO at

conspicuous area of the library and by library orientation but also by

using other means of information dissemination to catch the attention of

the library users. Social networks, web sites, e-mails , and SMS are good

information dissemination tools to inform the library users the direction

 24

the municipal public library is going through. It is very important to

inform the public about the VMGO of the library because the public are

the direct beneficiaries of the library and services of the library. The

public helps in the realization of VMGO of the municipal public library so

making them aware of the VMGO of the library is significant

The finding harmonizes with Rabaca and Orlopia (2015). They said

that vision, mission, goals, and objectives are important for public

libraries to integrate in their operation to function successfully. A clear

mission, goals and objectives will help the municipal public libraries

focus on the important aspect of their existence and will drive them to

concentrate on where they are going and how and when they will get

there.

Area 1 of the Standard for Philippine Public Libraries is

consonance to the finding of the study. Area 1 states the vision, mission,

goals, and objections of a public library. The mission, vision, and goals

shall contain the following: Philosophy of service ; Service to the needs of

the community ; Organization and maintenance of services for children,

young adults, persons with disabilities (PWD), senior citizens and other

marginalized sectors ; Organization of Friends Group to act as support of

the library ; Promotion of Local history, culture and arts : Compliance

with the mission, vision and goals of the National Library of the

Philippines (NLP) and Local Government Unit (LGU) ; Provision on library

 25

development. Hence, VMGO is a significant component to formulate and

incorporate in municipal public libraries( Conti, 2007).

The library users were also asked if they are aware of the VMGO of

the municipal public library. Their answers reflected that they are

unaware or unfamiliar of the VMGO of the municipal library. The library

users answered:

U8: Hindi po.. Hindi rin siya sinasabi. Hindi siya kapansin-
pansin. Kahit sabihin sana ng librarian na ganito ang vision,
mission ng library. Wala po. (No. It’s not also informed. It’s not
noticeable. The librarian should have informed that this is the
vision, mission of the library, there’s none.)
U9: Di ko naman talaga alam ang vision, mission ng library…
hindi ako masyado (aware). (I really do not know the vision,
mission of the library… I’m not that aware)
U12:We’re not aware.
U17:Hindi…Walang nakikita na nakasulat. Hindi kapansin-
pansin. (No. Nothing is seen written. It’s invisible.)
U26: Wala na hindi na namin alam (laughed weakly)…We are
not aware. (No more. We no longer know... We’re not aware.)
U27: Kasla saan a mapanpansin. ( Seems it’s not noticeable.)
U28: Awan met a talaga. (There’s really none.)
U34: Ewan ko kasi parang wala. ( I don’t know because it
seems none.)
U35: Wala naming nakikitang ano. (Nothing is visible.)
U44: Wala po akong nakita. (I have not seen.)

This implies that the library users are unaware of the VMGO of

their municipal public library. They are unfamiliar of the VMGO in spite

of the fact that the municipal librarians declared that they have posted or

displayed their VMGO in specific area of the library and informed their

library users verbally.

 26

This further entails that the information campaign of the VMGO of

the municipal library to make the library users aware of it is insufficient.

Still the library users were unfamiliar and unaware about the VMGO of

the library notwithstanding of posting it in particular places of the

library. It means that the disseminating tool the library used is not

efficient to capture the attention of the library users. Further, the finding

of the study denotes that the library users do not give much importance

and are not interested to know the VMGO of the library. They are more

focused on the resources and services the library offers.

Familiarity of the public library VMGO motivates and inspires

library users to utilize the library. The VMGO speaks of the dream and

functions of the library. When they are familiar of the VMGO, library

users also participate in the realization of it because they are informed

of the VMGO of the library. Hence, the municipal library should have a

marketing plan for the promotion of the VMGO to the public to keep

them inform. Utilizing the different technological tools is a good

probability to attract more library users.

This finding of the study conforms that of Alfieri (2015) stating that

mission and vision statements tell the library users where the

organization is and where it plans to go: the present versus the

future. Because of this, the marketing plan should be considered for

letting the library users aware of the vision, mission, goals, and
 27

objectives. Marketing the library vision, mission, goals, and objectives in

different manners will help and make the library users be familiar with

the VMGO.

Provision of Qualified Personnel and Budget

To be a municipal public librarian, a qualification should be met

(a) a college degree on library and information science and (b) a

professional license. The researcher asked how qualified the municipal

librarians to be at their position. Their answers revealed an unqualified

person in-charge of the municipal public library. The municipal public

librarians answered:

L3: As to the educational qualification, I’m not talagang

qualified…( As to the educational qualification, I’m not really
qualified)
L4: Since I am A graduate of Bachelor of Science in
Education, then I am only qualified to be an officer in-charge
in our library.
L5: As of now wala pa. Pero as of now kasi ang aking
position dito ay librarian designate lang.(As of now, not yet.
Currently, my position is librarian designate)

It can be deduced that the municipal librarians were unqualified

because they do not have library education background. This implies

that the minimum qualification of municipal public librarian is not

unanimously applied to all municipal libraries. Therefore, not all

municipal librarians are competent to manage the library. Competent

librarian must possess knowledge and skills acquired by having a

 28

background in library science. Based on the observation of the

researcher, a good performance of a public library depends much on a

competent municipal librarian who will be managing the library. The

library competencies of the municipal librarian are reflected through the

services, collection development, and program and activities of the public

library. These competencies are used to make the public library does its

function to the community.

The finding is the same with with the finding of Gill (2001) when he

said that qualified librarians are professional staffs who have undertaken

a course of study in librarianship and information studies to degree or

post-graduate level. A librarian designs, plans, organizes, implements,

manages and evaluates library and information services and systems to

meet the needs of the users of library and information services in the

community.

The finding also conforms to the statement of Federal Library &

Information Center Committee ( 2008). They said that competencies are

defined as the knowledge, skills, and abilities that define and contribute

to performance in a particular profession. The competences mentioned

are important to be possessed by municipal public librarian in the

execution of their duties and responsibilities.

The library users were asked what they can say to the number of

librarians or library personnel taking charge of the municipal public

 29

library. The library users found them inadequate in number. The library

users stated:

U1: …bilang librarian head kailangang kailangan ng mga

kasama…
U4: More staff mam.
U8: kulang.( Inadequate.)
U9: Kulang… hindi man librarian siguro dagdagan ng staff
U12: Kulang... Dadalawa lang sila.( Insufficient…Only two of
them)
U25: Wen there should be.
U26: Yong immediate diyan talaga yong licensed librarian na
madedetain diyan sa library…at siguro one or two staff kahit
maliit lamang ang library. ( The immediate need there is a
licensed librarian that will be detained in the library…and
probably one or two staff though our library is small.)
U27: makargaan koma a talaga. (must be filled in)
U28 : Yes mam kailangan ta adda no kua mangtake-charge
sa material. ( Yes mam it is a need so someone will take
charge of the materials)
U34: Of course. Yong immediate need diyan talaga yong
licensed librarian at siguro one or two staff kasi maliit lamang
yong library.

U42: Kailangan pa nila ang kasama kasi madam pag may

nahgtanong kunwari hindi po nila maasikaso agad.( They
need companions because when someone asked, they do not
assist instantly)
U44: Para sa akin kailangan ng dagdag kasi maraming mga
estudyanteng pumupunta.( For me, there is a need to add
because a lot of students go there )

This means that the library users found the number of library

personnel inadequate to run the municipal public library. This is due to

the fact that the library users are not assisted satisfactorily by the library

personnel. Each library section needs a library staff to take charge to

ensure that the library users are well attended to.

 30

Further, a licensed librarian is needed to administer the library to

be able to deliver the library collections and services to the community it

serves. A licensed librarian handles and manages the full operation of

the municipal public library. She executes her tasks efficiently with

regards to planning, leading, organizing, and controlling the library

management. With the knowledge, skills, and trainings they have

learned, a licensed librarian shall deliver library collections and services

effectively.

The finding of the study conforms to the finding of Prentice (2011),

she stated that professional librarians know the information resources

and how to use them. They manage them to provide a wide range of

information resources to the community. A professional staff has special

background and education in library management. She is responsible for

planning, organizing, controlling, communicating, and administering

successful library operation.

The finding of this study corroborates the idea of International

Federation of Library Association / UNESCO Guidelines for Library

Development which states that staff are a vitally important resource in

the operation of a library. In order to provide the best possible service to

the community it is necessary to maintain well trained and highly

 31

motivated staff to make effective use of the resources of the library and to

meet the demands of the community.

Library budget gives life to support the over-all expenditures of the

library. It is through the budget the municipal public library may

perform its functions efficiently. The municipal public librarians were

asked how the financial resources of the municipal public library being

utilized. Insufficient budget were reflected on their answers. They said:

L1: Since kanina sabi ko may kulang… binabudget namin

gaya yong kwan, wala kaming budget allocation… ( As I’ve
told you before, we just use the budget, we do not have
budget allocation.)
L4: Well, as of this present, ahm, our libray budget is limited
because we have small budget here.

This implies that the budget of the municipal public library is

insufficient because it does not support all important library

expenditures like budget for purchase of books and other significant

needs of the library. The budget appropriated only covers some not all

library expenditures.

This construed that the local government officials have to increase

their support to the library by allotting enough budget for each need like

on the acquisition of new books, subscriptions on serials, purchase of

furniture and equipment, staff trainings and seminars, library activities,

salary of library staff, and other library expenditures. The local

 32

government officials must clearly understand that the success of the

municipal library reflects the support they give.

The financial resources of the library are the responsibility of the

municipal librarian to propose, promote, and manage. It is also the

responsibility of the local government legislative officials to approve and

allocate adequate library fund. When both parties perform its task then

definitely the municipal library will operate efficiently.

The finding of the study is in consonance with the statement of

Prentice (2011) that local government officials must be kept informed of

library plans and expenditures so they would have the idea on how much

budget they are going to allocate because public libraries depend largely

on local government for their funding. The local government officials

decide how much budget they are going to allocate for public library

expenditures. Since the library budget will come from the local

government unit, the librarian must collaborate with the local officials to

support the plans and programs of the library by allocating sufficient

budget. The plans and programs of the public library will materialize

when supported by both parties.

In the Standard of Philippine Public Libraries, the library shall be

provided with adequate and reasonable budgetary appropriations to

carry out effectively its plans and programs. The library budget shall
 33

cover the following items: personal Services to include salaries and wages

and other benefits common and due to all civil service servants ;

maintenance and other operating expenses (MOOE) to include, among

others, funds for travel expenses, attendance to seminars, trainings,

conferences, and subscriptions ; Capital Outlay to include funds to

purchase library resources, equipment and furniture ; The library budget

shall be increased annually (Conti, 2007).

Acquisition and Expansion of Collections, Physical

Facilities, and Information Technology Facilities

Library collections are the products the public library offers. These

products are free to utilize by library users in all ages. The municipal

public librarians were asked of the adequacy of the library collections

they hold. It revealed that the collections are inadequate. The municipal

public librarians said:

L1: Ang gusto naming meron din kaming textbooks sana.( We

also want to have our textbooks )
L2:… our collection is still insufficient for the numbers of
users.
L4: As I’ve said to you earlier that our collections in our
library is limited. So the collections here is inadequate.
L5: Well, most of our collections, especially books, are old.
Those left by Typhoon Pepeng last 2009 were still there.

This entails that the collections of municipal public libraries are

inadequate to cater the information needs of the library users. Lack of

library budget allocation for acquiring more collections is one of the main

reasons of insufficient library collections. Also, municipal public libraries

 34

depend on donations from concerned citizen and organization. Only few

individuals and group donate books. Further, it can be deduced that

municipal libraries should build a strong collection relevant to the needs

of the library users. The library collections should be selected well

considering the different types of library users in order to cater the needs

of patrons in all ages. There should be acquisition of information

resources in different formats in public libraries.

Collection development is a huge part of library management that

needs support to improve and provide adequate library information

materials to the library users. With ample library collections the more

library users will be served. Municipal public libraries must have a plan

on how to improve and increase their collections to deliver library

services and resources well. When library collections are adequate to

serve the needs of the library users, the municipal public library will be

able to help more library users in search of information.

The findings of the study is in consonance to the public library

services of IFLA / UNESCO Public Library Manifesto which indicated

collections and services have to include all types of appropriate media

and modern technologies as well as traditional. All age group groups

must find material relevant to their needs. Hence, municipal libraries

must redefine their collection development policy to ensure that the

collections are related to the needs of the different age groups.

 35

The findings of the study harmonizes with the IFLA / UNESCO

Guidelines for Development. It stated that it is imperative that collections

continue to be developed on an ongoing basis to ensure that people have

a constant choice of new materials and to meet the demands of new

services and of changing levels of use. The welfare of the people in the

use of information materials must be given big consideration when

developing the library collection because they are the users of the

materials acquired. The acquired information materials must be relevant

to the needs of the people to ensure utilization.

Each library user has his/ her own information needs from

different formats of library collections. The library users were asked how

they find the adequacy of library collections. They found them

inadequate for library users.

The library users responded:

U4: More newspaper. (Library needs to acquire more

newspaper).
U8: Hindi po. Andaming pa pong wala tsaka hindi po
updated.(No. There are a lot of deficiencies and out dated)
U11: Hindi pa mam eh. Kasi meron din minsan walang…
kulang din yong mga books na nadito. Yong mga iba pag may
kailangan kung minsan wala po dito.(It’s not yet. Because
sometimes there’s still lack of….the books here. Some could
not be found here sometimes)
U12: No, it’s not sufficient.

U20: Opo… kasi hindi naman lahat ay nasa book.(

Yes…Because it’s not found all on books)
U26: Haan sa. Kurangen...( No. Inadequate.)
 36

U31:Okay naman kaya lang sana meron po yong…new

edition. (It’s okay but I hope there will be new editions)
U33: Ah, tungkol sa mga books, yong sa present, kulang pa.
Kulang pa sya.( Ah, about the books, the present, still
lacking)
U34: Siguro nasa 80%. So it means, it needs further
enhancement.
U37: Oo dapat lang. Kailangan din madagdagan.( Yes it’s
needed. It’s needs to increase)
U38: Madagdagan. Actually sa computer pa sana.( Add more.
Actually, computers need to be added too)
U39: Yes mam dapat naman talaga madagdagan….( Yes,
ma’am. There’s a need to add.)
U41: Kailangan pa ng dagdag. Yong iba po kasi na
kinakailangan na libro ay wala.(Needs more additional.
Other books needed are not here)
U42: Kailangan pa po ng dagdag. Para pag may gumamit pa
po, syempre sila wala ng magagamit kasi kulang.(Needs more
additional. So if someone will use, they will have no more to
use because it is inadequate)
U45: Mam siguro po hindi kasi baka pag maraming pumunta
don, baka kulang kulang.((Ma’am, probably no because a lot
comes here, probably it’s insufficient)
U49: Ah, mas marami pong dadagdagan kasi mas marami
pong matutulongan.( Ah, the more additional, the more will
be helped)

This means that library collections are not enough to cater to the

needs of the library users. It is important to increase the library

collections by acquiring more relevant and updated books to meet more

of the information needs of the library users. The public library should

collect, acquire, and organized materials in different formats and make

them readily available for access. Obsolete library collections must also

be withdrawn from the bookshelves to give more spaces for future

acquisitions.
 37

It is significant to consider the different age group of library users

in collection building because each age group has their own interest of

materials. Library collections in various formats for each age group must

be acquired to be able to meet and satisfy the needs of the library users.

Adequate library collections cater more library users. Therefore, provide

what the library users needs not what you need.

The finding of this study runs parallel to the statement of Gill

(2001) when he said that it is imperative that collections continue to be

developed on an ongoing basis to ensure that people have a constant

choice of new materials and to meet the demands of new services and of

changing levels of use.

Further, the finding is in consonance to the fifth law of

Ranganathan Laws of Library Science which states that a library is a

growing organism. It means that the library should keep on developing in

all areas of library management particularly in collection building. Books

and other information materials in various formats should be acquired

consistently to ensure that the library collections meet the information

needs of the library users. The library should not stop obtaining updated

and relevant books instead keep on updating its collection.

Physical Facilities give a lasting impression to the library users

whether to continue or stop utilizing the library. How the library users

feel comfortable and convenient of the physical facilities of the library

 38

gives a positive response of continuous library utilization. The municipal

librarians was asked of their assessment to the physical facilities of the

municipal public libraries. Unsatisfactory physical facilities was the

assessment of the municipal public librarians. The respondents

answered:

L1. Mam, makikita nyo naman marami pang kulang like mga
shelves, yong mga computer, hindi pa ano, hindi pa adequate.
Yong mga clienteles namin naghahanap. Kulang ng space. (
You can see several insufficiencies like shelves, computers,
they are inadequate. Our clienteles are finding. Limited space)
L2: There are still need to improve the facility, the furniture
and fixture are not yet enough to ah house some of our
collections and some needs improvement … to better enhance
the physical appearance of our library. We still need ah some
facilities that will make really our library more conducive.
L3: …talagang hindi ito conducive sa ano library, na dapat sa
kinalalagyan ng library.(Personally, this is not a conducive
place for a library)

This entails that the physical facilities of the municipal public

libraries need improvements. The space, furniture like bookshelves,

tables and chairs are no longer enough to house the library resources

and to accommodate library users. The space is a significant component

that requires careful planning and of course, budget to resolve it.

A municipal public library must have its’ own building operating

alone to better deliver library services and collections. The library should

also be accessible to the people. In case the local government officials will

build a library, they should be informed of the proper design and

sections of public library to ensure that the library will have an spacious
 39

environment that can accommodate ideal number of library users.

Tables, chairs, bookshelves and other furniture designed according to the

standard of public libraries give satisfaction and convenience to library

users.

The finding of this study is in line with that of Rabaca and Orlopia

(2015), stating that in terms of building and space, public library must

be centrally located within the community and not to be annexed to

other agencies. A public library shall provide adequate space for reading

areas, stack area, work room, multimedia room, storage room, staff

lounge, and toilets for the library staff and for the public, and space for

other facilities.

Further, this finding of the study harmonizes with the Philippine

Standard for Public Libraries provided guidelines for the physical

facilities of the public library. The guidelines are : The library must be

located preferably in a separate building and shall be accessible to all

users. In the development plan of the LGU the library shall always be

included as a component unit. The library shall provide spaces for the

following: librarian/s and staff , collection , reading , multimedia, other

spaces as may be necessary. Equipment and furniture shall be

sufficiently provided for a conducive learning environment. The library

shall have facilities for information technology and communication

 40

services. At least five (5) computers with internet access shall be provided

(Conti, 2007).

The library physical facilities serve as the face of the municipal

library. It is the first thing that library users notice especially for first

time library users. The physical facilities of the municipal library were

assessed by the library users. They assessed the library to have a

limited space. They said:

U2: Hopefully mam ma-expand kasi as a public library kini-

cater nya ang buong population … (Hopefully ma’am it will be
expanded because a public library caters the whole
population …)
U3: Kailangan din po talagang maexpand. Kasi may mga
times na may dadalaw ganun po. Parang kulang yong space.
( It needs to be expanded because there are times that visitors
come. It seems the space is not enough)
U4: More space
U9: Yong space naman, kita mo naman, medyo masikip na.
…. Kailangan na din ang expansion.( You can see the space,
it’s already dense. Yes it needs to be expanded)
U22: No koma sardinas, siksikan, hot and spicy
pay…hahaha (Like sardines, compacted, hot and spicy
too.hahaha)
U27: Adda koma separate nga building. Hindi siya library
talaga. (Hope there’s a separate building. It’s doesn’t [look
like] a library)

This means that the current space of the municipal library is not

enough to accommodate daily library users and to house the library

collections. When space is limited to accommodate library users, only few

library users will be served. Limited books will also be displayed at the
 41

bookshelves. Library users are not motivated to utilize the library when

the space is inadequate to accommodate them.

This also implies that library space affects the number of library

users. With limited space, only few library users can be accommodated.

On the other hand, with a spacious environment, a good number of

library users will be able to utilize the library at the same time.

Spacious environment to house the library collections, furniture,

and equipment and to accommodate a good number of library users an

important part in the functionality of municipal public library. A

spacious library is a significant place not only for learning but also for

meetings.

The findings of the study synchronizes to the finding of Rabaca and

Orlopia (2015), stating that in terms of building and space, public library

must be centrally located within the community and not to be annexed to

other agencies. A public library shall provide adequate space for reading

areas, stack area, work room, multimedia room, storage room, staff

lounge, and toilets for the library staff and for the public, and space for

other facilities.

Further, the library users also found the municipal library to have

disorganized physical arrangement. They stated:

U8: Sa physical set up parang ano, hindi siya katulad sa mga

library sa school na by section na pag English, English lang,
 42

history, history lang yong libro. Parang dito po ay magulo at

masikip din.
( The physical set-up is unlike the school library that has an
organized section. English for English only. history for history
books only. Seems here is disorganized and narrow too)
U21: Nagulo. Aglalaok ditoyen.Medyo nagulo.
( Messy. It is mixed.)
U39: Kailangang maayos.(Needs to put in order)

This entails that the physical set-up of the municipal library is

disordered particularly the arrangement of the bookshelves. The library

users may be confused of finding the location of the material they need

with the current arrangement of the collections. Other offices occupying

the library space may also make the library disorganized because the

library occupies not only books but other municipal offices. Library users

will also be confused and will not be able to concentrate reading and

researching. Mixed clients with dissimilar purpose using the library

space will also create an uncomfortable atmosphere which may drive

library users away.

The finding of the study conforms to the Standard of Philippine

Public Libraries. It is stated in the Standard that the library shall provide

spaces for the following: librarian/s and staff ; collection ; reading ;

multimedia ; and other spaces as may be necessary. Equipment and

furniture shall be sufficiently provided for a conducive

learning environment (Conti, 2007).

 43

The library users also found the physical environment of the

municipal library as non-conducive. The library users said:

U23: Saan nga conducive to research kasi nga very

scrappy.(It’s unconducive for research because it’s scrappy)
U27: Kailangang malinis.( Need to observed cleanliness)

This denotes that the municipal library is not an encouraging place

to do research. A non-conducive environment fails to invite library users

to utilize the library. Hence, the municipal library needs to prioritize the

convenience of its clients above all else by seeing to it that the physical

environment of the library is conducive for research. The position of the

bookshelves, tables, and chairs must be arranged giving enough space

for the library users. Clean environment makes the library conducive too.

Cleanliness is next to orderliness as they say. When the library is clean,

it also adds good atmosphere to the library environment.

The finding of this study is in consonance to the ideas of Rabaca

and Orlopia, (2015). They said that to create an environment conducive

for the pleasant and effective use of the materials and services,

equipment and furniture shall be appropriate. Furniture shall be well-

designed and in harmony with the architecture of the building.

Equipment shall be selected for the efficient operation of the library to

keep abreast with the time.

Municipal public libraries must adapt technological tools to keep up

with today’s trends particularly in the delivery of information to the

 44

library users. With information technology facilities, public libraries will

deliver its resources and services easier and quicker. The municipal

public librarians were asked how they assess the IT facilities and services

of the municipal library. Inadequate IT facilities came out to be there

general assessment. They stated:

L1:Kulang pa. Yon nga wala kaming adequate na computer

tapos wala kaming e-books. Kulang pa yong…i-upgrade
naming yong internet [speed] namin. Mahina yong anon ng
internet. ( Still inadequate. We do not have adequate computer
and also e-books. We also need to upgrade our internet
[speed].
L4: I think I have an old set of computer which is sometimes,
it is difficult to use. It is because it is not conducive. The
situation of these computers is already not functional.

This denotes that IT facilities need improvement by adding more

computer units to accommodate more library users in need of them.

Internet connectivity must be upgraded too for fast information search.

Information technology facilities like computer and internet connectivity

play a significant role in the delivery of library services. IT facilities are

good tools for information access and delivery. Hence, it is very necessary

for public libraries to acquire IT facilities to better serve the people who

need information access.

Moreover, this finding of the study entails that the welfare of the

information seekers must be given importance by providing adequate

computers with fast internet connectivity. They must not only avail the

free service but they must also feel satisfied utilizing the IT facilities.
 45

In today’s digital age, the advent of ICT (Information and

Communication Technology) challenged public libraries to incorporate

ICT in providing facilities that would efficiently promote and deliver

library services and resources. The traditional card catalogs, circulation

of books, acquisition and cataloguing of information resources have now

changed into digital form through the use of ICT. However, due to lack of

budget, not all public libraries adapt these changes.

This finding of the study conforms to the findings of Carungui

(2014) stating the poor conditions of public library facilities and the need

to improve them like refurbishing the areas, acquiring new computers

with good internet connectivity must be addressed.

Further, this finding corroborates to that of Iwhiwhu & Okorodudu

(2012), who stated that for any public library to perform well and meet

the needs of the users in this modern time, it is necessary for the public

library to embrace the use of information and communication

technology.

With the advancement of different information sources, people

prefer to use IT facilities. The library users were asked of the assessment

of the information technology facilities of the municipal library. The

library users found IT facilities inadequate. The library users said:

U8: Hindi pa po sya… kulang. Parang wala po. Hindi pa siya

updated. Hindi pa naimplement parang ganun po. Wala po
masyadong computers... (It’s not yet…inadequate. Seems
 46

there’s none. Not updated. It seems not yet implemented.

Limited computers.)
U18: Parang ano po kulang po. Opo kasi minsan parang
nagkakaubusan pag pumupunta kami dito. May mga iba na
nakatayo. Dagdagan para mas marami.(Seems it inadequate.
Sometimes it seems not enough if we come her. There are
those standing. Add more)
U23: Yes! Yes addition!
U34: Mas maraming ano, mas maraming computer. Dapat
kailangan talaga ng computer.( More computers. There’s a
need of computers )
U38: The library needs to acquire more computers to be more
functional.

This denotes that the library information technology facilities of the

municipal library particularly the current computers being utilized are

insufficient for the library users. There is a need to acquire additional

computer units for both library users and staff.

Adequate computers will satisfy the information search of the

library users especially when they find available computer units ready to

be utilized. When the municipal library does not provide adequate

computers, library users will go to commercial shops offering access to

information that the municipal public library must be providing to. This

will result to a decline of library users when this happens.

The library users also assessed the IT facilities of municipal public

libraries unsatisfying because IT facilities lack of maintenance and need

to be upgraded particularly internet access. The library users disclosed:

U3: Okay naman mam. Yon lang kailangan ng dagdagan yong

internet access o di kaya’y may wifi mam pero di pa
 47

gumagana,… ( It’s just okay mam. The internet speed must

only be upgraded or the wi-fi but it’s not yet functioning…)
U8: …Kulang. Parang wala pa…hindi pa siya updated…(It’s
not yet…Insufficient… Not yet updated)
U11: Internet access yon po ang problema.( The problem is
internet access)
U21: Diay dadduma nga computer, haan nga gumangana.(
Some computers do not function)
U26: Saanen nga mamen-maintain isunga two units na lang.
(It’s no longer maintained so it’s only two units.).
U27: Poor.(laughed)

It can be noted that the lack of maintenance of computer units and

the need to upgrade the internet speed dissatisfy the library users.

Thinking that the municipal public libraries have adapted technology to

improve their library services delivery it is just but necessary to ensure

these technological tools are functioning well. To deliver library services

satisfactorily, malfunctioning computer units need to be repaired and

replace with new computer unit if it is beyond repair. Internet speed

must be upgraded too to ensure productive information search. The fast

speed of internet connectivity makes the searching and browsing easier

and quicker. By this way, the researchers spend less time of finding their

information needs.

Efficient Delivery of Library Services

The delivery of library services affects the number of library users

utilizing them. With an efficient library services delivery, a good number

of library users will consistently patronize the library services but when it
 48

is unsatisfactorily delivered, library users will not be motivated to utilize

them. The municipal public librarians were asked if the library services

delivered satisfactorily to the library users. They found them

unsatisfactorily delivered. A respondent said:

L1: Hindi pa. Hindi ako satisfied...( Not yet. I’m not yet
satisfied..)

This means that library services are delivered unsatisfactorily.

Some factors affect the efficient delivery of library services that municipal

librarians also want to address. The limited books housed in the

municipal public library do not meet all the information needs of the

library users, thus, discourage municipal public librarians too. Though

how the municipal public librarians longs to resolve the inadequacy but

with limited budget, it will be difficult to do so. This inadequacy which

incapacitated the municipal public library for a satisfactory service

should be planned and if necessary be reported to the local executive to

ask for financial support for the acquisition of additional books. Thus,

the functionality needs of municipal public library services will be

achieved.

Library services provide library users access to information.

Library collections and IT facilities are delivered through the different

library services. It is important then to conduct library services

evaluation annually to discover and enhance which library service is

 49

least utilized. By this way, library services will serve its functions

satisfactorily.

The finding of the study is in consonance with that of Garcia and

Alaya-ay (2013). They reported that in actual practice, utilization of

library services is often selective maybe due to the method by which

library services are delivered, inadequacy of library resources (which

could be due to budgetary constraints), geographical location,

inadequacy of manpower resources, and lack of community awareness or

responsiveness to the services offered.

Further, the finding also connects to Astunkar’s idea (2016) when

he stated that the utilization of books and services can be improved by

the application of Total Quality Management (TQM). Total Quality

Management highlights the need to improve the quality of goods and

services to better utilize the resources of organization. By applying TQM

technique in libraries/information centers, the librarians can not only

satisfy the users consistently according to their needs and requirements

but also improve quality of their services frequently.

The satisfaction of the library users to the delivery of library

services was asked. It came out that they were unsatisfied with the

delivery of library services. The library users said:

U8: Hindi po masyado naa-assist yong… ang mga users. (The

users are not assisted well. When they enter, that’s it.)
U21: (Laughed strongly signifying a ‘not satisfied’ answer)
 50

U26: Wen saan a mapnek ta awan garud iti librarian nga

mangasikaso. Awan ti pagbirokan (laughed). ( Dissatisfied
because there is no librarian that will assist. No source.)
U27: Kayat mi iti agbasa, dita lattan a. Isu met lang ti kua…
kasla dagiti dadduma nga library nga talaga nga kompleto. (
If we want to read, we just stay there.. Unlike other libraries
that it is complete)
U38: Yon yong problema naming eh (laughed). Hindi siya
(municipal librarian) nag-e-stay.( That’s our problem. He
doesn’t stay [there at the library])

This implies that the library services need improvement in terms of

library personnel, delivery of IT facilities, and resources. Lack of library

personnel, insufficient IT facilities, and limited resources were found

needed to resolve to ensure that the municipal public library does its

functions. Available and ready-to-serve librarian or library personnel

deliver library services. Their assistance is has a huge impact to satisfy

the library users. They are the most important persons to do the job.

Without them, library services and collections are worthless for these will

only be useless when these are not utilized. Limited IT facilities and

varied resources also dissatisfy the library users because these are

considered very important sources of information. If these limitations will

be unresolved, library users will be driven away for utilizing the

municipal library. They will prefer staying at home and use their own

gadgets to look for information they need. They will find the municipal

library not a primary place that stores and provide information.

 51

Library personnel, IT facilities and varied resources must be clearly

seen as important components for functional municipal libraries. Library

users will be served satisfactorily when these important components

serve their function well. Further, it is best to review and improve library

policies and regulations in terms of how library services must be

delivered and utilized to ensure that library services are efficiently

delivered.

The finding of this study harmonizes with Gills’ concept (2001) that

public libraries should recognize and exploit the opportunities provided

by the exciting developments in information and communications

technology. With the rapid growth and development of information

technology, a public library should bridge the gap to information. A

public library should select and acquire not only traditional formats but

also technological tools and facilities like computers and internet

connection to access and be updated with information and trends.

Information is very important in the development of the community

people. When they have access to information, people will grow in

knowledge and skills.

The finding of the study conforms to the first law of Ranganathan’s

Five Laws of Library Science which states that books are for use. It is

imperative to ensure library users use the materials we select and

 52

purchase for them. Libraries are not just about storing books, they are

about people having access to books (Bhatt, 2011).

Establishment of Linkages

A strong linkage and networking between libraries help municipal

libraries do their functions. Through linkages, municipal libraries build

connections and collections with other libraries and strengthen each

other’s weakness. The linkages and networking of the municipal public

library was asked. A municipal public librarian responded:

L2: As of now, no. Because we do not have more/enough

resources to be shared with other libraries.

This means that the municipal public library does not have

linkages in terms of resource sharing with other libraries. Thus, resource

sharing is a need of public libraries that requires in-depth planning

because it involves library collections. These are the treasures of the

library to preserve and protect but need to share too. Inadequate books

and other information materials will be strengthened by resource sharing

through library linkages. Resource sharing is a good way to develop

library collections, however, it is not easy to go to resource sharing

between libraries because it also requires mutual agreement between

them.
 53

No public libraries would be left out when they are engaged in

resource sharing. They would equally experience the benefits of

collaboration specifically increase number of relevant collections, less

budget for book acquisition, and more access to collections.

The finding of the study conforms to the linkages, networking and

collaboration Standard of Philippine Public Libraries which states that :

Libraries shall engage in networking, resource sharing and other forms of

partnership. The library shall organize Friends of the Library to support

its activities. One staff member is appointed official friends’ liaison to

ensure friends have all the information they need to effectively carry out

a program of support of the library. The library staff shall pursue

continuing library education and membership to professional

associations to further enhance networking (Conti, 2007).

Further, this finding corroborates to that of Okeagu and Okeagu

(2008) describing networking as a way to gain access to a greater range

of expertise and other resource and avoid duplication of efforts by the

efficient use of available sources. He also explained that networking is

done through the development of linkages with different agencies both

governmental and non-governmental working in related fields.

The researcher asked the library users if they are aware of the

linkages and networking of the library. The library users answered:

U8: … Hindi po. (No.)

 54

U9: Hindi. ( No.)

U10: Hindi pa po. ( Not yet)
U12: No. ( What linkages? No)
U13: We’re not aware
U17: Hindi. Wala. Hindi lang hindi alam. ( No. None. I do not
know)
U19: Ay parang wala pa po akong ano…hindi po.( Seems I do
not have…no)
U43: Hindi ko po alam. Walang sinabi..(I do not know.
Nothing is said)
U44: Hindi po. Wala akong idea.( No. I don’t have idea)

This denotes that the municipal public library linkages and

networking activities are unfamiliar to the library users. The sharing of

resources activity between municipal libraries is anonymous to the

library users. They do not give much attention whether the book or

resources they utilize come from other libraries or not. Therefore, it is

necessary to introduce to the library users about the linkages of the

library especially the sharing of resources between municipal libraries.

When they are informed of the existence of such activity, they will even

more motivated to use the library resources because they know that

there needs of library materials will be met with the help of other

libraries.

In library linkages, sharing of resources or resource sharing

between libraries is the main activity to be applied to. Resource sharing

is an effective tool to strengthen the weakness of other libraries

particularly in collection building because not all libraries have complete

collections to offer to the library users. This library program develops

 55

good relationship and partnership between libraries. Library users are

the number one beneficiaries of resource sharing because the books

shared are for their research, entertainment, and learning.

This finding of the study corroborates to that of Gills (2001) stating

that no collection can hold all the materials that the members of its

public require. With participating to resource sharing, library services

can be greatly improve by providing users access to the library

collections. Resource sharing can be participated by libraries at any

level, local, regional, national and international, involving libraries of a

wide range of organizations with information resources.

Further, this finding conforms to the findings of Gregory (2011)

stating that resource sharing enlarges the pool of materials available to

users through cooperative purchasing. Library users have the choices of

materials helpful and relevant to their information needs. When library

users be informed with this benefit of resource sharing between libraries,

they will take it important for their research.

The functionality needs of municipal public libraries as deduced

from the findings are the promotion of VMGO, provision of qualified

personnel and budget, acquisition and expansion of collections, physical

facilities, and information facilities, efficient delivery of library services,

and establishment of linkages. The model of functionality needs of

municipal public libraries is shown in figure 2.

 56

Figure 2. Model of Functionality Needs of Municipal Libraries

Promotion of VMGO

Provision of
Establishment of qualified librarian
Linkages and budget
FUNTIONALITY
NEEDS OF
MUNICIPAL
LIBRARIES

Efficient Delivery of Acqusition &

Library Services Expansion of
collections,
physical facilities, &
IT facilities
 57

THREE-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN

FOR MUNICIPAL PUBLIC LIBRARIES
2019-2021

Rationale

Based on the findings of the study, the Three-Year Development

Plan for Municipal Public Libraries was crafted to address the

functionality needs of public libraries. It focused on each area of

development found in the study to give direction and guidance on how

public libraries will establish them. Synoptic Planning Theory was

applied in the formulation of the development plan by determining the

goals, identifying of policy alternatives, evaluating and implementing of

the policy.

Public library has important functions to serve the community. Its’

main function is to provide all information in available formats for all

ages of people in the community. It is also the function of the public

library to provide the people a convenient space conducive to learning

and entertainment. Functional public library is measured by its’ entire

operation that includes its’ resources and services. How effective it is

utilized by the community for education, personal development, and

entertainment purposes is a reflection of a functional library.

It could not be denied that municipal public libraries have

functionality needs that must be acknowledged and addressed to operate

 58

functionally. These needs are promotion of vision, mission, goals, and

objectives ; provision of qualified personnel and budget ; acquisition and

expansion of collections, physical facilities, and information technology

facilities ; efficient delivery of library services ; and establishment of

linkages. However, it should not be misunderstood that these

functionality needs are unresolvable. There are good and effective

measures to resolve these functionality needs of the municipal libraries

through a development plan.

The five municipal libraries specifically, Alcala, Sto. Tomas,

Villasis, Pozorrubio, and Sison are key places of free access to

information in the Fifth District of Pangasinan. These Municipal libraries

must address their functionality needs and must adapt the standards

prescribed in the Standard of Philippine Public Libraries to operate

efficiently.

General Objective of the Plan

The general objective of the “Three-Year Development Plan for

Municipal Public Libraries” is to provide a course of actions to address

the functionality needs of municipal public libraries in the fifth district of

Pangasinan.
 59

Areas of Development

The areas of development require the application of acceptable

measures for Philippine public libraries. These are required in order that

the functionality needs of municipal public libraries be addressed and

thus, improve completely. Each area may be selected for implementation

without exceedingly affecting the feasibility of the other components.

Area 1 is about the promotion of vision, mission, goals, and objectives of

the library. Area 2 is the provision of qualified personnel and budget.

Area 3 is all about acquisition and expansion of collections, physical

facilities, and information technology facilities. Area 4 is the efficient

delivery of library services.

Area 1 : Promotion of Vision, Mission, Goals, and Objectives (VMGO)

The vision, mission, goals, and objectives of the municipal library

must be promoted to raise the awareness of the library users because

they are not well informed of it.

1.1 Enabling Objectives

To promote library VMGO to the library users and the community

1.2 Strategies

a. Post the VMGO to conspicuous places like library bulletin board,

municipal bulletin boards, and other bulletin areas in the municipality.

b. Post library VMGO in municipal websites and promote through

social media.
 60

c. Conduct library orientation to Barangays .

1.3 Persons Involved

a. Municipal Librarian & Library Staff

b. Municipal Librarian; Library Staff; IT Staff

c. Municipal Librarians; Municipal Mayor; Barangay Captains; SK

Chairman

1.4 Logistic

a. Php 1,000

b. Php 2,000; 1,000; 1,000

c. Php 10,000; Php 15,000

1.5 Time Frame

a. June 2019

b. October 2019/ January 2020/January 2021

c. January 2020/January 2021

1.6 Success Indicator

1.6.1 Awareness of the library users of the VMGO

1.6.2 Global awareness of the library users of the VMGO

1.6.3 Awareness of the community of library VMGO

 61

Area 2 : Provision of Qualified Personnel and Budget

In the three-year development plan, the municipal public library

needs a qualified municipal librarian, additional library staff, and

adequate budget.

2.1 Objectives

a. To make the library functional by hiring a qualified library

personnel.

b. To acquire sufficient budget for the operation of the library

2.2 Strategies

1a. Open and post hiring of qualified municipal library personnel

1b. Hiring of qualified librarian

1c. Hire additional library staff

2a. Present Development Plan and Yearly Operational Plan to the

Office of Sangguniang Bayan for budget appropriation.

2b. Secure approval of budget appropriation from the office of the

Municipal Mayor

2c. Conduct activities for additional budget

-poster making contest

-bingo

-takbook

2.3 Persons Involved

1a. Local Government Official /Appointing Officer/ HRMO

 62

1b. Local Government Official /Appointing Officer/ HRMO

1c. Local Government Official /Appointing Officer/ HRMO

2a. Municipal Librarian & SB members

2b. Municipal Librarian; Mayor

2c. Local Government Officials; Municipal Librarian

2.3 Logistics

1a. none

1b. Php12,000; Php13,000; Php14,000

1c. Php8,000

2a. none

2b. none

2c. Php5,000; Php 7,000; Php 10,000; Php10,000

2.5 Time Frame

1a. October 2019;

1b. November 2019; January 2020; January 2021

1c. January 2021

2a. November 2019

2b. April 2020

2c. April-December 2021

2.6 Success Indicator

1a. Available position/item for municipal librarian

1b. Hired qualified municipal librarian

 63

1c. Hired additional staff

2a. Approved Development Plan and Operational Plans

2b. Approved Budget for library operation

2c. Additional library budget

Area 3. Acquisition and Expansion of Collections, Physical Facilities,

and Information Facilities

In the three-year development plan, the collections, space,

furniture, equipment, and information facilities are included to improve

because of their insufficiencies.

3.1 Objectives

a. To implement a collection development program

b1. To improve and expand library space

b2. To acquire adequate furniture

c. To acquire information technology facilities

3.2 Strategies

1a. Purchase additional library materials

1b. Solicit library materials from benefactors local and abroad

1c. Apply for available grants to develop library collection

2a. Draft a library floor plan considering all the needed spaces

2ab. Present and seek approval of the floor plan to the authorities

(engineer, SBM, Mayor)

 64

2ac. Execute the floor plan making use of available space and/or

request for additional space

2ba. Request for additional furniture in accordance with the

operational plan

2bb. Solicit needed furniture from benefactors

3a. Acquisition of additional computer units and printer

3b. Acquisition and upgrade of internet connectivity.

3c. Acquisition of library system

3.3 Persons Involved

1a. Municipal librarian

1b. Municipal librarian

1c. Municipal librarian

2a. Municipal Librarian

2ab. Municipal Librarian

2ac. Municipal Librarian

2ba Municipal Librarian ; Budget Officer

2bb.Municipal Librarian

3a. Municipal Librarian ; IT Personnel

3b. Municipal Librarian ; IT Personnel

3c. Municipal Librarian ; IT Personnel

3.4 Logistics

1a.Php3,000; Php 10,000; Php 20,000

 65

1b. None

1c. None

2a. none

2ab. none

2ac. Php100,000

2ba. Php15,000; Php25,000; Php50,000

3a. Php15,000; Php30,000; Php60,000

3b. Php 5,000; Php 3,000; Php5,000

3c. Php 5,000

3.5 Time Frame

1a. November 2019; April 2020; March 2021

1b. November 2019; January 2020; January 2021

1c. January 2020; January 2021

2a. June 2019

2ab. July 2019

2ac. October onwards

2ba. October 2019; March 2020; January 2021

2bb. June 2019 onwards

3a. June 2019; April 2020; July 2021

3b. December 2019; January 2020; January 2021

3c. January 2020

 66

3.6 Success Indicator

1a. New library materials added to the collection

1b. Additional library materials through donations

1c. Improved library collection

2a. Draft library floor plan

2ab. Approved floor plan

2ac. Improved library space

2ba. Additional furniture

2bb. Donated furniture

3a. Computer units and printer

3b. Stable and fast internet connectivity

3c. KOHA Library Integrated System

Area 4 : Efficient Delivery Of Library Services

The three-year development plan improves the unsatisfactory

delivery of library services and utilization.

4.1 Objectives

To improve the delivery of library services

4.2 Strategies

a. Review and improve library policies and regulations

b. Seek approval of library policies and regulations from proper

authorities

c. Ensure availability of library personnel at all time

 67

- digital literary

d. Conduct promotional activities to market the library

-orientation

-story telling programs

-barangay book donations

-reading programs

-senior citizens day

e. Adapt new library services

- e-government portal

- community space

- digital literary

4.3 Persons Involved

a.Municipal librarian; Administrative Officer

b. Municipal Librarian

c.Municipal Librarian; HRMO

d. Municipal Librarian; Concerned personnel

e. Municipal Librarian; IT Personnel; Administrative Officer

4.4 Logistics

a. none

b. none

c. none
 68

d. Php 5,000.00; 7,000.00; 10,000.00

e. Php5,000; 5,000; 2,000

4.5 Time Frame

a. June 2019

b. August 2019

c. June 2019 onwards

d. November 2019; January 2020 onwards

e. January 2019 onwards

4.6 Success Indicator

a. Reviewed library policies

b. Approved policies and guidelines

c. Available library personnel

d. Promotional activities

e. New Library Services

Figure 3 illustrates the Three-Year Development Plan of Municipal

Public Libraries.
 69

Table 2. THREE YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR MUNICIPAL PUBLIC

LIBRARIES
2019-2021
Time
Area of Person Logistics Success Indicator
Objectives Strategies Frame
Development involved P
2019 2020 2021

1. Promotion of To promote Post the VMGO to Municipal 1,000.00 June Awareness of

the vision, library VMGO conspicuous places Librarian library users of
mission, goals, to the library like library bulletin Library Staff library VMGO
and objectives users and the board, municipal
of the library community. bulletin boards, and
other bulletin areas in
the municipality. Post
social media account Global
of the library with Municipal 2,000.00 Oct awareness of
VMGO too. Librarian 1,000.00 Jan library VMGO
IT Staff 1,000.00 Jan
Post library VMGO in
municipal websites
and promote through Municipal 10,000.00 Jan Awareness of
social media. Librarian 15,000.00 Jan the community
Municipal of library
Conduct library Mayor VMGO
orientation to Barangay
Barangays Captains
SK
Chairman

2. Provision of:

2.1. Qualified To make the a. Open and post Local Oct Available
personnel library hiring of qualified Government position/item
functional by municipal library Officials for municipal
hiring a personnel Appointing librarian
qualified library Officer
personnel. HRMO

Time
Area of Person Logistics Success Indicator
Objectives Strategies Frame
Development involved P
2019 2020 2021

b. Hiring of qualified Local 12,000.00 Nov Hired qualified

librarian Government 13,000.00 Jan municipal
Officials 14,000.00 Jan librarian
Appointing
Officer
HRMO
 70

c. Hiring of additional Local 8,000.00 Jan

library staff Government Hired additional
Officials staff
Appointing
Officer
HRMO

2.2 Budget To acquire a. Present Municipal Oct Oct Oct

sufficient Development Plan Librarian Approved
budget for the and Yearly SB Development
operation of the Operational Plan to Members Plan and
library the Office of Operational
Sangguniang Plans
Bayan for budget
appropriation. Dec Dec Dec
Municipal
b. Secure approval of Librarian Approved
budget Mayor Budget for
appropriation from library operation
the office of the 5,000.00 Nov
Municipal Mayor Local 7,000.00 April
Government 10,000.00 April Additional
c. Conduct activities Officials 10,000.00 Dec library budget
for additional Municipal
budget Librarian
-poster making
contest
-bingo
-takbook

Time
Area of Person Logistics Success Indicator
Objectives Strategies Frame
Development involved P
2019 2020 2021

3. Acquisition
and expansion
of:

3.1 Library To implement a a. Purchase additional Municipal 3,000.00 Nov New library
collections collection library materials Librarian 10,000.00 April materials added
development 20,000.00 March to the collection
program
b. Solicit library Municipal Nov Jan Jan Additional
materials from librarian library materials
benefactors local through
and abroad donations
Municipal Jan Jan
c. Apply for available librarian Improved
grants to develop library
library collection collection
 71

3.2 Physical To improve and Municipal June

facilities expand library a. Draft a library floor Librarian
space plan considering all Draft library
the needed spaces floor plan
Municipal July
b. Present and seek Librarian
approval of the Approved floor
floor plan to the plan
authorities
(engineer, SBM, Municipal 100,000.0 Oct
Mayor) Librarian 0 onwar
ds
c. Execute the floor Improved
plan making use of library space
available space
and/or request for
additional space

Time
Area of Person Logistics Success Indicator
Objectives Strategies Frame
Development involved P
2019 2020 2021
To acquire a. Request for Municipal 15,000.00 Oct Additional
adequate additional furniture Librarian 25,000.00 March furniture
furniture in accordance with Budget 50,000.00 Jan
the operational plan Officer

b. Solicit needed June Donated

furniture from Municipal onwar furniture
benefactors Librarian ds
3.3
Information To acquire 15,000.00 June
Technology information a. Acquisition of Municipal 30,000.00 April Computer units
Facilities technology additional Librarian 60,000.00 July and printer
facilities computer units and IT Personnel
printer 5,000.00 Dec
Municipal 3,000.00 Jan Stable and fast
b. Acquisition and Librarian 5,000.00 Jan internet
upgrade of internet IT Personnel connectivity
connectivity. 5,000.00 Jan
Municipal KOHA Library
Librarian Integrated
c. Acquisition of IT Personnel System
library system

4. Efficient To improve the a. Review and Municipal June Reviewed

Delivery of delivery of improve library librarian library policies
Library library services policies and Administrati
Services regulations ve Officer

Municipal Aug Approved

b. Seek approval of Librarian policies and
library policies and guidelines
 72

regulations from
proper authorities Municipal June
Librarian onwar Available
c. Ensure availability HRMO ds library
of library personnel personnel
at all time
Municipal 5,000.00 Nov Jan owards
Librarian 7,000.00
d. Conduct Concerned 10,000.00 Promotional
promotional personnel activities
activities to market
the library
-orientation
-story telling
programs
-barangay book Municipal 5,000 Jan
donations Librarian 5,000 onwars
-reading programs IT Personnel 2,000 d
-senior citizens day Administrati New library
e. Adapt new library ve Officer services
services
- e-government portal
- community space
- digital literary
 73

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions and

recommendations of the study.

Summary

This study aimed to determine the functionality needs of Municipal

Public Libraries as a basis for Three-Year Development Plan. Specifically,

it determined the functionality needs of the Five Municipal Public

Libraries of the Fifth District of Pangasinan namely Sison Municipal

Library, Pozorrubio Municipal Library, Villasis Municipal Library, Sto.

Tomas Municipal Library, and Alcala Municipal Library ; and the

Validated Three Year Development Plan.

Phenomenological research approach was used with two sets of

validated researcher made-interview questions administered to five (5)

municipal librarians/officer in-charge and fifty (50) library users as

respondents. Video and audio documentations, personal observation,

and interview analysis were used to gather and treat data.

Findings

Based on the data gathered, the salient findings of the study are:

1. The functionality needs of Municipal Public Libraries were the

promotion of vision, mission, goals, and objectives ; Provision of qualified

personnel and budget ; Acquisition and expansion of library collections,

 74

physical facilities, and information technology facilities ; efficient

delivery of library services ; and establishment of linkages.

2. The Three-Year Development Plan was highly valid.

Learning

The following are the learning drawn from the findings of the

study:

1. The functionality needs of municipal libraries are resolvable with

the aid of local government legislative officials and municipal public

librarian. The Three-Year Development Plan is timely and implementable.

Recommendations

In the light of the findings and conclusions, the following

recommendations are forwarded:

1. The Three-Year Development Plan should be adopted by all

Municipal Public Libraries in the Fifth District of Pangasinan to improve

and raise the bar of functionality of Municipal Public Libraries.

2. Each Municipal Library should prepare an action plan to

implement the development plan

3. The Municipal Public Library VMGO should be consistently

promoted through varied means to make library users aware of it.

4. The Municipal Public Librarian should be a professional

librarian. The Municipal Public Library should be supported and

allocated with adequate budget.

 75

5. The Municipal Public Library should have a collection building

or development plan. The space, furniture, and equipment of the

Municipal Public Library should be improved. The information

technology facilities and service should be continuously upgraded.

6. The delivery of services of the Municipal Public Library should

be planned and evaluated by the librarian.

7. The Municipal Public Library should engage in linkages with

other libraries.

8. A study should be conducted to determine the effectiveness of

the development plan.

 76

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CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : Aydee Gagelonia Gaoaen

Address : Labayug, Sison, Pangasinan

Date of Birth : August 8, 1977

Place of Birth : Sison, Pangasinan

Civil Status : Widow

Religion : Wesleyan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary : Saint Louis College

City of San Fernando, La Union
Bachelor in Library and Information
Science
Cum Laude
2009-2013

Wesleyan Bible College

Rosales, Pangasinan
Bachelor in Theology
1994-1999

Secondary : Benigno V. Aldana National High School

Pozorrubio, Pangasinan
1990-1994
 82

Elementary : Labayug Elementary School

Labayug, Sison, Pangasinan
Third Honors
1984-1990

ELIGIBILITY

Board passer of the Licensure Examination for Librarian

November 3-4, 2013

WORK EXPERIENCES

School Librarian
Family Child Development School
August 2017 – January 2018

College Librarian
Rosales Wesleyan Bible College
May 2014 – March 2017

SEMINARS ATTENDED

 “Qualitative Approach for Graduate School Researches,” Saint

Louis College Graduate School, Saint Louis College, City of San
Fernando, La Union, November 11, 2017.

 “The Millenial Readers,” Philippine Librarians Association, INC.-

Ilocos Region Librarians Council (PLAI-IRLC), Saint Louis College,
City of San Fernando, La Union, October 14, 2016.

 “Building Research Capabilities for Quality Graduate Education”

Sponsored by Philippine Association for Graduate Education
Region 1, Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando, La Union,
September 17, 2016.

 “Be Prepared…Preserve and Inform,” Philippine Librarians

Association, Inc.-Ilocos Region Librarians Council (PLAI-IRLC),
Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation, San Carlos City,
Pangasinan, August 26, 2016.
 83

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

 Philippine Librarians Association, Inc.

 Philippine Librarians Association, Inc.-Ilocos Region Librarians

Council (PLAI-IRLC)

 Philippine Association for Graduate Education (PAGE) Region 1

HOBBIES AND INTEREST

 Reading books
 Playing guitar
 Singing
 Social Media