INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT FOR Maria Tanumihardja

TOOTH PREPARATION
 Hand Powered

INTRODUCTION instruments cutting

equipments

Cutting Non-cutting Dental Other cutting

Instruments are needed Handpieces equipments
for efficient removal and
shaping of tooth
structures and restorative Burs Lasers
materials.

Blade cutting Air abrasives

Diamond
abrasive

Finishing and
polishing
HAND INSTRUMENTS
• It was first classified by GV Black
• Categorized as:
• Cutting
• Non-cutting

• Design of hand instruments is composed of three parts

(a) Blade or nib (for non-cutting)

(b) Shank
(c) Handle or shaft
BEVELS
• Single bevel instruments
• Made in pairs based on the sides of the primary cutting edge
• Two types: right-left and mesial-distal

• Bi-beveled instruments has addtitonal cutting edges, ie: hoes and hatchets
• There is also double ended instruments, with right and left blade is on one single
instrument
EXCAVATORS
Four subdivisions:
• Ordinary hatchets
• For anterior teeth to prepare retentive
areas and sharpening internal line angles

• Hoes
• For planning tooth preparation walls and
forming line angles. Class III and V to
remove unsupported enamel

• Angle formers
• For sharpening line angles and creating
retentive features in dentin and to place
bevel on enamel margins

• Spoons
SPOON EXCAVATORS
Use: for removing soft carious
tissue and carving amalgam
or direct wax patterns
CHISELS
Types:
• Straight, slightly curved or bin-angle
• Enamel hatchets
• Gingival margin trimmers

Use: cleaving, planning, and lateral scraping of enamel

Force: Straight thrust or pushing motion
NON-CUTTING HAND INSTRUMENTS
• Cement spatulas
• Plastic filling instruments
• Condensers
• Amalgam carriers, carver, and burnisher
• Composite resin-instruments → maybe coated with teflon
DENTAL HANDPIECES
Also known as powered rotary cutting
instruments
There are two types
 Air-turbine
 Electric handpiece

Three speed ranges (reported in rotations

per minute/rpm) are recognized:
 Low or slow speed (< 12.000 rpm)
 Medium or intermediate speed (12.000 – 200.000
rpm)
 High or ultrahigh speed (> 200.000 rpm)
OTHER POWERED CUTTING INSTRUMENTS
• Laser equipment
• Air-abrasion techniques
ROTARY CUTTING INSTRUMENTS
Consists of three parts:
• Shank
• Neck
• Head

Consists of 2
categories:
• Blade cutting
• Abrasive cutting
HAND INSTRUMENT TECHNIQUE
• Modified Pen Grasp
• Inverted Pen Grasp
• Palm-and-Thumb Grasp
• Modified palm-and-thumb grasp
FINGER RESTS
• Intraoral
• Conventional
• Cross-arch
• Opposite Arch
• Finger on finger

• Extraoral
• Palm up
• Palm Down
BLADE CUTTING DENTAL BURS
Materials used:
• Stainless steel burs
• First developed
• For low speeds
• Use for cutting soft carious dentin and finishing
procedures

• Tungsten carbide
• For high speed
• Cut dentin and metal well but can produce
microcracks on the enamel
DIAMOND ABRASIVE DENTAL BURS
Consists of three parts:
• Metal blank
• Powdered diamond abrasive
• Metallic bonding material that holds the
diamond powder onto the blank
DIAMOND BUR SHAPES
FINISHING AND POLISHING BURS
Function:
 to remove excess restorative material
 to make restoration surface smoother

Types:
• Finishing burs/discs
• Finisihing strip
• White stone
• Abrasive rubber/resin discs
• Flexible discs
HAZARDS WITH CUTTING INSTRUMENTS

Pulpal Soft tissue Eye

precautions precautions precautions

Ear Inhalation
precautions precautions