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Ucsp-Module 7 - Political and Leadership Structures
Ucsp-Module 7 - Political and Leadership Structures
III. DISCUSSION:
A. INTRODUCTION
Can you imagine life without leaders or governments? You may wonder if that scenario is
even possible. In this module, you will learn how other societies organize their political lives that may
be distinct from what you are aware of.
This module is divided into four (4) main parts. The first part discusses the types of political
organizations created by humans. The second part discusses the types of authority and legitimacy
present in human societies that allow for the rise of leaders. The third part discusses the State and it’s
four (4) elements (people, territory, government and sovereignty) which technically pertains on how a
state is defined and differentiated from other related concepts, how is it created or originated and
how it manifests its duties and responsibilities to the citizen. The last part discusses the government and
its forms which pertains on the meaning, functions and duties of the government to the political
community. Ultimately, an activity will follow at the very last part of this module.
2. Traditional Authority – is a form of leadership legitimacy that highlights the right of a leader
to rule based on the inheritance of the title.
People under the leadership of a ruler with
traditional authority accept the latter’s exercise of
power as it has been the status quo in the society
since their forefathers. E.g. Rule of Monarchs.
▪ DOCTRINE OF PARENS PATRIAE - means father of the country. This doctrine has been defined as
the inherent power and authority of the state to provide protection to the persons and property
of the persons non-sui juris. Non-sui juris persons are those who lack the legal capacity to act on
his own behalf like the child or the insane persons.
c) Government - It refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed
and carried out.
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 11/12
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
Question: Can a state exist without government? “A state cannot exist without a government
(since you cannot call it as a state if one element is missing), but it is possible to have a
government without a state (situate the separatist movements or the rebels who wants to create
their own government separate from the established Philippine government).”
d) Sovereignty – is referred to as the supreme, absolute and uncontrollable power by which any
state is governed. It has two manifestations:
1. INTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY - The power of the state to command, and enforce obedience to its
will from the people, within its territorial jurisdiction;
2. EXTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY - The power of the state to carry out its activity without interference
from other states. External sovereignty is often referred to as independence.
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common
good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality,
and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
B. AS TO CENTRALIZATION OF POWERS
i. Unitary Government – the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or
national government (e.g. Philippines)
ii. Federal Government – the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one
for national affairs and the other for local affairs (e.g. USA)
C. AS TO DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS
Category i. Parliamentary ii. Presidential
Head of State/ Prime MInister President
Government
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 11/12
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
D. AS TO LEGITIMACY
i. De jure - (government of law) is an organized government of a state which has the general
support of the people.
ii. De facto - (government of fact) is a government which actually exercises power or control but
without legal title.
GOV’T SUPPORT PEOPLE SUPPORT
i. DE JURE ✓ ✓
ii. DE FACTO ✓ X
IV. ASSESMENT:
A. Provide examples of world leaders for each of Max Weber Tripartite Classification of Authority. 10
points; 3 points each +1.
a. Traditional (3 leaders): provide 1-2 sentence/s of justification
b. Charismatic (3 leaders): provide 1-2 sentence/s of justification
c. Rational-legal (3 leaders): provide 1-2 sentence/s of justification
C. Make a research about the application of checks and balances in the Philippine government.
Cite concrete situations where it can be clearly seen that the three branches of government
observe the said principle.
D. Make a research about the origin of formation of Filipino statehood, then answer the question:
How did the establishment of Spanish and American colonial governments in the Philippines
hasten the formation of Filipino state?
Rubrics for C and D:
Content Knowledge 3 points
Consistency of Thought & Application 2 points
Total 5 points each
V. REFERENCES:
• Aguilar, M., et al. (2016) Society, Culture and Politics. Quezon City: The Phoenix Publishing
House Inc.
• Alejandria-Gonzalez, M. (2019) Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Module. Second
Edition. Makati City: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC.
• Carlos.et al., Politics and Governance, Manila: REX Book Store. 2010
• De Leon, H. Philippine Constitution. REX Book Store. 2014
• Melegrito et. al., Philippine Politics and Governance, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
2016