See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/321526786

An improved equivalent circuit method for analyzing curved finite frequency

selection surface

Conference Paper · December 2017

CITATION READS

1 193

1 author:

Fang Xiaoxing
Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics
11 PUBLICATIONS   25 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Fast direct solver of method of moments View project

fast iterative solver View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Fang Xiaoxing on 05 December 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 An Improved Equivalent Circuit Method for
Analyzing Curved Finite Frequency Selection Surface
Xiaoxing Fang, Huangyan Li, Zhifeng Jin, Chenchen Yang, Qunsheng Cao*, Yi Wang
College of Electronic Information Engineering
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
Email: qunsheng@nuaa.edu.cn

Abstract—An improvement equivalent circuit method (ECM) for established equivalent circuit is comprised of capacitive and
analyzing finite and curved frequency selection surface (FSS) is inductive elements.
proposed in this paper, double-square-loop FSS has been used in
the curved FSS and the transmission coefficients of both TE and
C2
TM models have been analyzed by the ECM and full wave
method. It has been shown that the improvement ECM has saved
computational time in designing curved FSS, and has verified its L1 L2 L2 L1
feasibility compared with the full wave EM method.
C2
Keywords—equivalent circuit method, finite, curved, C1
frequency selective surface C2

I. INTRODUCTION
Frequency selection surfaces (FSSs) have been used in
many applications, such as spatial filters, absorbers, lenses and
reflect arrays et al. Equivalent circuit method (ECM) as a fast
estimation method has been widely used [1-3]. Normally the
classical ECM can only be used to solve infinite FSS problem,
it is difficult to deal with finite and curved FSS case. Because
the finite and curved FSS has no longer a real periodic
structure, the analysis of a single unit in curved FSS cannot
replace the whole structure.
In this paper, an improvement ECM is proposed and used in
finite or curved FSS. First, infinite FSS impedance Zi-fss is
calculated using the classical ECM, then the first-order
approximation of finite FSS based on the classical ECM is
evaluated through series-parallel network relationship between
the double-square-loop. Finally, the curved FSS impedance Zc-
fss and the transmission and reflection properties of the
difference between finite and curved FSS are analyzed by the
improvement ECM and the full wave simulation.
II. IMPROVED EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT METHOD
As an example, double-square-loop FSS is adopted, the
geometry of two units proposed is plotted in Fig. 1(a), the
two-unit structure is chosen to calculate self-impedance Zs and
mutual impedance Zm between them.
A. Infinite frequency selection surface
As shown in Fig. 1(a), the period of the two-unit array is p,
the widths of outer ring and inner ring are g1 and g2,
respectively. The separations between two outer rings and
outer ring to inner ring are w1 and w2, respectively The length
of outer ring square side is d1 p-w1, and the length of inner ring
square side is d2= d1-2g2-2w1. The electric field, Ei, is incident
normally on the grid as shown in Fig. 1(b). Then the
L1 L2 L2 L1
C2
(a) FSS structure (b) equivalent circuit
Fig. 1 Geometry structure of double-square-loop FSS
In Fig. 1(b), the self-impedance Zs and the mutual
impedance Zm of FSS can be calculated from unit itself and
adjacent unit. To obtain the properties of transmission or
reflection, only one Zs and one Zm are formed Zi-fss. For a
infinite FSS, the lumped L-C-network is presented in Fig. 2(a),
the Zi-fss can be computed with this lumped L-C-network.
B. Finite frequency selection surface
The analysis methods of finite and infinite FSS are different.
Based on the ECM of finite FSS, the effect of the first-order
approximation circuitt in the finite FSS units must be
considered. The interaction of inductance L and capacitance C
with adjacent units in Fig. 1(b) along the direction of Ei are
needed to be considered.
For a n×n finite FSS, we firstly connect the impedance in
series along the Ei direction, and then side-by-side connect
perpendicular to Ei direction shown in Fig. 2(b). Zf-fss is the
lumped L-C network inside the dashed box, The FSS units box
is divided tinto n elements (Zf-1, Zf-2, ..., Zf-n) and the impedance
of FSS in each vertical strip has n element with same value (Zf
= Zf-1 = Zf-2 = ... = Zf-n).
Z f −i = Z s + Z m + ... + Z s + Z m + Z s
= n ⋅ Z s + (n − 1) ⋅ Z m (1)
= (n − 1) ⋅ Z i − fss + Z s
where, Zf-i is the i-th element in the boxes. Zs is self- C. Curved frequency selection surface
impedances and Zm is mutual impedance shown in Fig. 1(b). Two units of a curved FSS are shown in Fig. 3(a), which the
bending angle of each unit is small, so its influence can be
C1
ignored when establishing the unit equivalent circuit. The
C2 
 difference of the unit 1 and unit t is brought by the angle θt ,
 which is between the incident wave k and the normal vector
L1 L2 L2 L1  for the unit t. The incident oblique angle θt of the FSS is stand
   for the unit t. Then its lumped L-C network and the curved
 FSS impedance Zc-fss can be calculated using the method of
C2
 finite FSS to replace each Zs and Zm [4-6].
(a) infinite FSS impedance (b) finite FSS impedance D. Calculation and simulation
Fig. 2 FSS impedance
The geometry sizes in Fig. 1 are listed in Table I. The
transmission coefficients S21 of the infinite and finite FSS are
Then, Zf-fss can be calculated by : plotted in Fig. 4(a) and (b), respectively. The array sizes of
Z f − fss = 1（
/ 1 / Z f −1 + 1 / Z f − 2 + ... + 1 / Z f − n） finite FSS and the curved FSS are both 5×5 shown in Fig. 3(b),
(2) and its bending radius r is chosen as 64mm. From Fig. 4(c)
= Z f / n = ((n − 1) ⋅ Z i − fss + Z s ) / n
and (d), it has found that the curves of S21 of the TE and the
TM models calculated by the proposed method and the full
wave EM simulation are matched approximately, and there are
z
k some curved curve in the figure because the finite and curved
FSS limitation.
#1
k θ TABLE I GEOMETRY SIZES OF FSS (UNIT: MM)
n
Parameter p g1 g2 w1 w2
#t
Value 8.08 0.548 0.369 0.93 0.238

III. CONCLUSIONS
y
In this paper, an improved method of ECM for analyzing
x finite and curved FSS is proposed, the approximation
equivalent circuits for rectangular loop have introduced in
(a)Two units of curved FSS (b) Cylindrical curved FSS detail for infinite, finite and curved FSS. The proposed method
Fig. 3 Curved FSS has increased the applicability of the classic ECM and
simulated results can approximately describe the performance
of finite curved FSS, which is conducive for the fast designing
of curved FSS units.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work is supported by State Key Laboratory of
Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing of Jiangsu
China under grant No.K201720.
REFERENCES
[1] Anderson, I. “On the theory of self-resonant grids,” Bell System
Technical Journal, vol. 54, no.10, pp: 1725-1731, 1975.
(a) infinite FSS (b) 5×5 finite FSS
[2] Jazi M N, Chaharmir M R, Shaker J, et al. “Broadband Transmitarray
Antenna Design Using Polarization-Insensitive Frequency Selective
Surfaces”. Antennas & Propagation IEEE Transactions on, vol. 64, no.
1, pp: 99-108, 2016.
[3] Li H, Yang C, Cao Q, et al. “An Ultrathin Band-pass Frequency
Selective Surface with Miniaturized Element,” IEEE Antennas &
Wireless Propagation Letters, 2016.
[4] Langley, R. J, and E. A. Parker. “Equivalent circuit model for arrays of
square loops,” Electronics Letters, vol. 18, no.7, pp: 294-296, 1982.
[5] Lee, C. K, and R. J. Langley. “Equivalent-circuit models for frequency-
selective surfaces at oblique angles of incidence,” Microwaves Antennas
(c) curved FSS in TE polarization (d) curved FSS in TM polarization
& Propagation IEE Proceedings H, vol. 132, no.6, pp: 395-399, 1985.
Fig. 4 FSS transmission coefficient S21 [6] Costa, Filippo, A. Monorchio, and G. Manara. “An Overview of
Equivalent Circuit Modeling Techniques of Frequency Selective
Surfaces and Metasurfaces,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics
Society Journal, vol. 29, no. 12, pp: 960-976, 2014.

View publication stats