tana raters and beams for exponsive alterations 1 stars are stroight and wide Omran © Menon Tine of wake to th FSG Uigngarinan amet Teiegaenigas Minium dimensions for SARE Bg at asm Optimum ie-tortend ® © terete s hand Covered entrenees to ‘lane and apace ‘Should he molaed. few advantages and fate STAIRS Citations forthe construc: Sion of stirs, rampe_ and verde are et out in vaiout ational busing regustons. Inthe Uk. Bxiten Stendards 2nd the Builing Reguistions Should be. consuted I Approved Document). The ‘uicelines hore ae based on Serman standards. Owings with no. more shan two fats must have an fective sar with of eat S800 ana 1729 setostrood rata. Stars whieh ere not Stisly cover By buleing regulations may be 8 ite a8 (80m wide and have a 2121 fata. Stairs governed. by building regulations. must hove 9 width of 1.00m ane 8 ratio of 1728. In igh refs thy must be 125m wide “The tang of stir rune from 2dstepa upto s18 steps. Lending length ~ nts tre length of aide » 7 dopth of sop (e.g, wth raesosroad rato of 1729 = 136834 29 = Seem or 2% 69 + 29 158 mh Saar nina Doors opening into the stairwell must not restret the fective width The time required for ‘complete evacuation must be ‘calculated for staie wicths In public buildings or theatres. Such staircases or front ‘entrance steps are climbed ‘slowly, 80 they can nave 2 more gradual ascent. A Steircase at a side entrance or ‘emergency stairs should make a rapid descent easy. people to pase ‘Measoring the effective flight width tes ot an 2 SUS meatier ase ‘The proportions of tha stair 191STAIRS ‘The experiences one has of ascending and descending stairs varies greatly withthe stair design, for exemple there is. a significant difference between an ‘terior domestic design ‘anda grand flight of ‘entrance steps. Climbing Stairs. takes on everege | seven times as much ‘energy as walking on the fiat. From the physiological point of view, the best use GF ‘climbing offort is with fan angle of incline of 30° and a ratio of rise of rise of step 17 Ss 2 5 —— a | os | a remgeneamens — |e gy iver 778 tee cone Fy < iam = E cme Fs | & a eee B CE ans ce ae q na Be fin [reefs fe fy ere Ef vee genase fim ||") fo Te omen ananver we mma cee (Q) ight ot tease ie a Bel [E | org iS sem we aD alBatew | A Eas a ay 7.) Laka eerie cr CO Segarra po Tad bs se wages eects panera ake eto @ ses wage tray BG IRsa Saletan 1m © - © Mate sem re ec adic astm "Bes oe tole with landings take op the rao of one Hight of sais eee SB - @ Sari a se, Tee tenths sega mew ic ee zl? iy i Wid wind @ Sristante, @ watts Tea” — 192 Srotnding spece — furitore going of sien, 0” 25 The angle of rise is determined by the length of fan adults stride (about G1-64em), To arrive at the ‘optimum rige, which takes the least energy, the following formula can be applied: r+ g = 680m (1 stride) In the dimensioning and design of flights of stars, the function and purpose of the steireage is of primary importance, taking in the factore mentioned above. Not only is the gaining of height important, but also the way that the height is ‘geined. For front door steps {i frequent use, low steps of 416 x 30cm are preferable. However, stairs in a work: place, or emergency stairs Should enable height to be gained rapidly. Every main Staircase must be set in its Own continuous stairwell, which together with its feccest routes and exit to the open air, should be designed and arranged 60 36 10 ensure its safe use a5 fan emergency exit. The ‘with of the exit should be the width ofthe staircase. ‘The stsirwell of at least ‘one of the emergency Staircases or fire exits must bbe ¢ 35m from every part of 2 habitable room oF basement, When several staircases are necessary, they must be pleced so 8S to efford the shortest possible escape route. Stairwell openings to the batement, unconverted lofts, workshops, shops storerooms and similar Fooms must be fitted with self-closing fire doors with 2 fire rating of 30 minutes: ; i i i | | t |