Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Key:
Key:
1. _______ is imperative in your new job. The director disapproves of being late.
A. Having time B. Keeping time C. Being on time D. Taking
time
2. Two students are talking about an upcoming test.
- Mary: “The sociology test seems to be very difficult. I am still not confident about my
performance this Friday. I’ve gone through all the materials, though!”
- Alexis: “_______”
A. You’ve read all the materials, it’s OK for you.
B. I have read all the chapters, but I have not studied the notes from the lectures.
C. That is correct! You are doing really well too, Mary!
D. I do not think that is your problem. It is probably a case of anxiety.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. C
The advances made by humans have made us the (1. DOMINANCE) species on our
planet. However, several eminent scientists are concerned that we have become too
successful, that our way of life is putting an (2. PRECEDE) strain on the Earth's
ecosystems and threatening our future as a species. We are confronting environmental
problems that are more taxing than ever before, some of them seemingly insoluble. Many
of the Earth's crises are persistent and (3. INEXORABLE) linked. Pollution is an obvious
example of this affecting our air, water and soil.
The air is polluted by (4. EMIT) produced by cars and industry. Through acid rain and
greenhouse gases these same exhaust fumes can have a devastating impact on our climate.
Climate change is arguably the greatest (5. ENVIRONMENT) challenge facing our planet
with increased storms, floods, drought and species losses predicted. This will inevitably
have a negative impact on (6. DIVERSIFY) and thus our ecosystem.
The soil is contaminated by factories and power stations which can leave heavy metals in
the soil. Other human activities such as the (7. DEVELOP) of land and the clearing of
trees also take their toll on the quality of our soil; (8. FOREST) has been shown to cause
soil (9. ERODE). Certain farming practices can also pollute the land though the use of
chemical pesticides and fertilizers. This contamination in turn affects our rivers and
waterways and damages life there. The chemicals enter our food chain, moving from fish
to mammals to us. Our crops are also grown on land that is far from (10. SPOIL). Affected
species include the polar bear, so not even the Arctic is immune.
Reducing waste and clearing up pollution costs money. Yet it is our quest for wealth that
generates so much of the refuse. There is an urgent need to find a way of life that is less
damaging to the Earth. This is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and
often life-threatening.
Your answers:
1. 5. 9.
2. 6. 10.
3. 7.
4. 8.
Key:
Line 1 Tourism is now among the world most important industries, generate jobs and profits
2 worth billions of pounds. At the same time, therefore, mass tourism can have dire
3 effects on the people and places they embraces – both tourists and the societies and
4 human environments they visit. We are increasingly familiar with some of the worst
5 effect of unthinking, unmanaged, unsustainable tourism: previously developed
6 coastal villages that have become sprawling, charmless towns, their seas poisoned
7 by sewage, denuded of wildlife, their beaches stained with litter and empty tubes of
8 sun cream. Historical towns, their streets now choked with traffic, their temples,
9 churches and cathedrals seemingly reduced to backdrop for holiday snaps that
10 proclaim, “Been there, Done that”. Some of the world’s richest environments were
11 bruised by the tourist onslaught, their most distinctive wildlife driven to nearly-
12 extinction, with wider environmental impacts caused with the fuel-hungry transport
13 systems used to take holidaying travelers around the world and back again.
Your answers:
Line Mistakes Correction
0 1 world world’s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Key:
Line Mistakes Correction
0 1 world world’s
1 1 generate generating
2 2 therefore however
3 3 they it
4 5 effect effects
5 5 developed undeveloped
6 8 historical Historic
7 9 backdrop a backdrop
8 10 were bruised bruised
9 11 nearly near
10 12 wth by
The paintings of Leonardo da Vinci have always attracted controversy. Only 14 works have
ever been attributed to him and experts have (1) __________ the authenticity of several.
Not even the Mona Lisa is above (2) __________ . The painting is neither signed nor dated
and no (3) __________ of payment to Leonardo has ever been found. Believed to be the
portrait of the wife of Florentine merchant Francesco del Gioconda dating from 1502, it
has been on public display in the Louvre since 1804. Now housed in a bullet-(4) _________
glass case, it has always been surrounded by (5) __________ security.
Even so, on 24th August 1911, it was stolen. Initial leads came to nothing and no
(6) __________ to the thief's motives or the whereabouts of the picture materialised for 15
months. In November 1913, Florentine art dealer Alfredo Geri received a letter from
someone (7) __________ they had the Mona Lisa and were prepared to sell it back to Italy
for 500,000 lire. Geri contacted the director of the Uffizi museum who arranged a meeting
with the alleged vendor.
He turned out to be an Italian carpenter Vincenzo Peruggia, who made the painting's
(8) ____________ wooden box for the Louvre and was able to steal it because he knew the
museum's routine. The Mona Lisa he produced was proclaimed genuine by the Uffizi and
sent back to Paris. But a British conman, Jack Dean, later insisted that he had helped
Peruggia steal the painting but (9) _________ a copy before Peruggia took it to Iatly.
Could it be that the painting seen by thousands of visitors every day in the Louvre museum
is a total (10) __________ ?
1. A. asked B. questioned C. wondered D. enquired
2. A. question B. doubt C. query D. suspicion
3. A. record B. document C. receipt D. bill
4. A. secure B. strong C. guard D. proof
5. A. careful B. accurate C. safe D. tight
6. A. indications B. clues C. hints D. tips
7. A. arguing B. pretending C. claiming D. persuading
8. A. surrounding B. fake C. closed D. protective
9. A. substituted B. replaced C. copied D. taken over
10. A. false B. substitute C. artificial D. fake
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Key:
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. D
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. D
II. Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write
your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (15points)
Simply Entertainment?
Many youngsters (0) these days easily devote more time to the box than they
(1)______________ to any other form of entertainment. Each year children read
less and less and watch television more and more. In fact, a typical child sits
through an average of about four hours of TV viewing a day. They spend more
time on this form of entertainment (2)______________ they spend talking to
parents, playing with friends, attending school or reading books.
According to a recent study, sixty-two percent of television programmes contain
scenes of violence. It would be logical then to assume that watching a steady flow
of violent images on screen cannot (3)______________ seen simply as
entertainment. The bright colours, quick movements and sudden flashes will
always capture a child’s attention and there are certainly very (4)______________
children who find television totally uninteresting.
If we listen to the experts, it seems that viewing large amounts of TV violence
does not necessarily cause a child to act in a violent (5)______________, but can
lead to the view that violence (6)______________ acceptable in everyday life, as
well as possibly creating a fear of being attacked on the streets.
With governments finally (7)______________ measures to improve the quality of
children’s TV, parents must now become aware that (8)______________ many
hours of viewing can have serious effects (9)______________ a child’s behavior
and attitude. Obviously, turning off the set (10)______________ be the best
solution in the end.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Key:
1. do 2. than 3. be 4. few 5. way / manner
6. is 7. taking 8. too 9. on 10. could / might
III. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings
below. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
List of Headings Example Answer
A.
B.
Before television, for example, live matches could only be viewed in person. For the
majority of fans, who were unable to afford tickets to the top-flight matches, or to
travel the long distances required to see them, the only option was to attend a local
game instead, where the stakes were much lower. As a result, thriving social
networks and sporting communities formed around the efforts of teams in the third
and fourth divisions and below. With the advent of live TV, however, premier
matches suddenly became affordable and accessible to hundreds of millions of new
viewers. This shift in viewing patterns vacuumed out the support base of local clubs,
many of which ultimately folded.
C.
For those on the more prosperous side of this shift in viewing behaviour, however,
the financial rewards are substantial. Television assisted in derailing long-held
concerns in many sports about whether athletes should remain amateurs or ‘go pro’,
and replaced this system with a new paradigm where nearly all athletes are free to
pursue stardom and to make money from their sporting prowess. For the last few
decades, top-level sports men and women have signed lucrative endorsement deals
and sponsorship contracts, turning many into multi-millionaires and also allowing
them to focus full-time on what really drives them. That they can do all this without
harming their prospects at the Olympic Games and other major competitions is a
significant benefit for these athletes.
D.
The effects of television extend further, however, and in many instances have led to
changes in sporting codes themselves. Prior to televised coverage of the Winter
Olympics, for example, figure skating involved a component in which skaters drew
‘figures’ in the ice, which were later evaluated for the precision of their shapes. This
component translated poorly to the small screen, as viewers found the whole
procedure, including the judging of minute scratches on ice, to be monotonous and
dull. Ultimately, figures were scrapped in favour of a short programme featuring
more telegenic twists and jumps. Other sports are awash with similar regulatory
shifts - passing the ball back to the goalkeeper was banned in football after gameplay
at the 1990 World Cup was deemed overly defensive by television viewers.
E.
F.
Another change in the sporting landscape that television has triggered is the framing
of sports not merely in terms of the level of skill and athleticism involved, but as
personal narratives of triumph, shame and redemption on the part of individual
competitors. This is made easier and more convincing through the power of close-
up camera shots, profiles and commentary shown during extended build-ups to live
events. It also attracts television audiences - particularly women - who may be less
interested in the intricacies of the sport than they are in broader ‘human interest’
stories. As a result, many viewers are now more familiar with the private agonies of
famous athletes than with their record scores or match- day tactics.
G.
And what about the effects of male television viewership? Certainly, men have
always been willing to watch male athletes at the top of their game, but female
athletes participating in the same sports have typically attracted far less interest and,
as a result, have suffered greatly reduced exposure on television. Those sports where
women can draw the crowds - beach volleyball, for example - are often those where
female participants are encouraged to dress and behave in ways oriented specifically
toward a male demographic.
H.
Does all this suggest the influence of television on sports has been overwhelmingly
negative? The answer will almost certainly depend on who among the various
stakeholders is asked. For all those who have lost out - lower-league teams, athletes
whose sports lack a certain visual appeal - there are numerous others who have
benefitted enormously from the partnership between television and sports, and
whose livelihoods now depend on it.
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading
Passage?
In boxes 8-10, write
8. The average sports fan travelled a long way to watch matches before live
television broadcasts.
9. Television has reduced the significance of an athlete’s amateur status.
10. The best athletes are now more interested in financial success rather than
sporting achievement.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Key:
1. ix 2. ii 3. viii 4. xi 5. vi 6. i 7. iii 8. NO 9. YES 10. NG
IV. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making. Unlike modern
industrial potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using
the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning
their vessels.
The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the
utmost care; often it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency of the
clay was crucial; it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it
entirely even in texture. By careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and
made the clay as plastic as possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot
was built up. When a pot is fired, it loses its water and can crack, so the potter added
a temper to the clay, a substance that helped reduce shrinkage and cracking.
Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the
durability in day-to-day uses, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with
wet hands. Often a wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth
surface. Brightly colored slips were often used and formed painted decorations on
the vessel. In later times, glazes came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of
slip that turns to a glasslike finish during high-temperature firing. When a slip was
not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the external surface was
almost like leather in texture. It was then rubbed with a round stone or similar object
to give it a shiny, hard surface. Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped
decorations.
Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths. The vessels were covered
with fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would fall around the pots and bake
them evenly over a few hours. Far higher temperatures were attained in special
ovens, known as kilns, which would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity,
but also dissolve carbons and iron compounds. Kilns were also used for glazing,
when two firings were needed. Once fired, the pots were allowed to cool slowly, and
small cracks were repaired before they were ready for use.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Why archaeologist study prehistoric pot making
B. How early pottery was made and decorated
C. The development of kilns used by early potters
D. The variety of decorations on prehistoric pottery
2. The word "meticulously" is closest in meaning to
A. heavily B. initially C. carefully D.completely
3. Which of the following was a process used by prehistoric potters to improve the
texture of the clay?
A. adding temper B. removing the water
C. beating on the clay D. mixing the clay with plastic substances
4. Prehistoric potters applied slips and glazes to their vessels in order to do which
of the following?
A. improve the appearance of the vessels
B. prevent the vessels from leaking
C. help the vessels to dry more quickly
D. give the vessels a leather like quality
5. Which of the following was a method used by some potters to give vessels a
glossy finish?
A. smoothing them with wet hands
B. mixing the clay with colored solutions
C. baking them at a very high temperature
D. rubbing them with a smooth hard object
6. The word "incised" is closest in meaning to
A. designed B. carved C. detailed D. painted
7. The word "they" in line 26 refers to
A. kilns B. firings C. pots D. cracks
8. According to the passage, the advantage of kilns over open fires was that the
kilns
A. required less wood for burning B. reached higher temperatures
C. kept ashes away from the pots D. baked vessels without cracking them
9. Look at the terms "temper", "glazes" , "kilns", and "compounds". Which of these
terms is NOT defined in the passage?
A. temper B. glazes C. kilns D. compounds
10. The passage mentions that then pottery is fired under burning wood, the ashes
help
A. prevent the clay from cracking B. produce a more consistently baked pot
C. attain a very high temperature D. give the vessel a glasslike finish
Key:
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B
SECTION D: WRITING (2,5 points)
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it.
1. Something must be done quickly to solve the problem of homelessness.
Urgent…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. We’ve been trying to sell our house for well over six months.
3. In order to make a profit the new leisure centre needs at least 2000 visitors a month.
No fewer …………………………………………………………………………………….
4. What Anna hates most about these school reunions is posing for photos.
1. I’ve considered the advantages and disadvantages and I’ve decided not to go. (weighed)
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Considering that she’s only just started, she’s doing very well. (bearing)
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Although I don’t speak Italian very well, I understood the general meaning of what she said.
(drift)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Key:
Question 1.
1. Urgent action is / Urgent measures are necessary / essential to solve the problem of
homelessness.
Urgent action / Urgent measures must be done to solve the problem of homelessness.
2. Our house has been on market / for sale for well over six months.
3. No fewer than 2000 visitors a month must visit / use the new leisure centre to make a profit.
No fewer than 2000 visitors a month are needed by the new leisure centre to make a profit.
4. There is nothing Anna hates more about these school reunions than posing for photos.
5. Not a great deal/ amount of damage was done (caused) to his car in the collision.
Question 2. Use the word in the brackets to write a new sentence as similar as possible in
meaning to the original one. Don't change the form of the given words.
1. I have weighed up the pros and cons and I’ve decided not to go.
2. Bearing in mind that she’s only just started, she’s doing very well.