Dr.

Florentina Pungky Pramesti,

ST., MT.
➔ “bell curve.”
➔ a graph of a specific density function f(x) that describes
the behavior of continuous random variables
➔ (ex: the heights of human beings, the amount of a product
in a container that was filled by a high-speed packing
machine, or the velocities of molecules in a gas).
➔ The formula contains two parameters μ and σ , σ positive.
➔ We will not need to know the formula for f(x), but for
those who are interested it is

 P(x) : probability density

( x − )
2  π≈3.14159
1 −
p(x ) = 2 2 and e ≈ 2.71828
e   : mean
 2   : standard deviation
 Each different choice of specific numerical values for
the pair μ and σ gives a different bell curve. The value
of μ determines the location of the curve, as shown in
 In each case the curve is symmetric about μ
 total area under the curve = 1.
 Hence the value of σ determines whether the bell curve
is tall and thin or short and squat.
 A continuous random variable whose probabilities are
described by the normal distribution with mean μ and
standard deviation σ is called a normally distributed
random variable, or a normal random variable for
short, with mean μ and standard deviation σ.
 Salah satu contoh

Perhatikan area
dibawah normal
kurva yang diarsir
Z-score formula
Z = (X - )/
Z = (X – mean / standard deviation

Note: each side of the mean yields 0.5

or 50%
a Z of 3.9 = 50%

Z score =  of standard deviations from

the mean
For example: Z score = 1.96, the
shaded area is 0.475
 The finished inside diameter of a piston
ring is normally distributed with a mean
of 4.50 cm and a standard deviation of
0.005 cm. What is the probability of
obtaining a diameter exceeding 4.51 cm
 Theresistance of a foil strain gauge is
normally distributed with a mean of 120,0
ohms and a standard deviation of 0.4
ohm. The specification limits are
120,00.5 ohms. What percentage a
gauges will be defective?
 The measurement of the inside of the
diameter of a cast iron pipe is normally
distributed with a mean of 5.01 cm and
standard deviation of 0.03 cm. The
specification limits are 5.00  0.05 cm.
What percentage of pipes is not
acceptable
 Kennedy., J.B., Neville, A.M., Basic
statistical
Methods for Engineers and Scientists, 1964
 https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-
normal-distribution.html
 https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/quincunx
.html
 https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-
normal-distribution-table.html
 http://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/boo
khub/reader/3318?e=fwk-shafer-ch05_s01