GABRIELA DUMBRAVA

LIMBA ENGLEZA
CURS PRACTIC PENTRU iNcTTAToRI
 LESSON I

HELLO!

Hello! My name is Martin Smith. I am twenty years old and I am a student

at the
universitv in our town" My brother, Cliff, is twelve ancl ie is a schoolboy. In general
he is a
nice kid, although sometimes he is very annoying, like the boys and girls
of his age.
Our parents are very proud nf. y... We are proud -of their, too because they
are
wonderful people. My father, Henry Smith, is forty - two. He is a tall and
handsome man. He
is a manager in a big firm in our town. He has a very interesting job. My mother,
Helen
Smith, is thirty - nine. She is a very pretfy woman. She is short and thin.
She is an economist
at the same firm. Actually, she is a very goocl economist, and her colleagues
like her, but T
think they envy her a little.
must tell you that we have a d9g, too. It is a big, white dog, with long
ears ancl a
short tail. It is very funtty and we love him very much. I-n fu.t, he ii-a
real member of the
Tamrlv_

Grammar

r The Indefinite Article a I an (Articolul nehotirAt)

limba englez6, articolul nehotirdt are doui forme: a gi an. Spre deosebire de limba
^ -inacesta este invariabil (nu face
romdni, distinclie de gen): rom. o masd l.ng. a table; rom. un
copil - eng. a child. Articolul nehotirit in limba englezdse utilizeaza dupd
Jum urmeaz6:
- a [a] inaintea cuvintelor care ?ncep cu o consoan[ sau o semivocald: a desk, a
chair, a tahle, a window, a universily;
- an [dn] inaintea cuvintelor care incep cu o vocald": an apple, an elephant, an
airplane.
* Obsewafie:
In limba englezd", substantivele care denoti nume de meserii, funcfii sau
ocupafii sunt
intotdeauna precedate de articol nehotirit.
Exemplu: rom. Sunt medic eng.I am a doctor
El e,ste inginer - He i.s an engineer

Exercise I

Put a or anbefore the followins words:

1. ('L mountain 11. 6( mouse

2. i't tl ashtray 12.a1_umbrella
3. a.naeroplane 13. u. clock
4. .t woman 14. e. train
5. c cigarette 15. a,t oldperson
6. lL man 16. cl,l empty glass
7. -qlegg 17.
^rt young man
8. ... dog 18. i:" nice dress

1
I
9. ct-_ ice - cream 19.c,. t'i alarm clock
l0;1 : I e!€ 20. -, good student

oThe Verb To Be (Verbul a fi)

Present Tense - Affirmative

Iam We are
You are You are
He is
She is They are
It is

Exercise 2

Put in the correct form of the verb to be'.

1. Iuolll' astudent.
2. You j?"u2( a teacher.
3. Mr. Smith (",) 4 rntto.
4. Mrs. Smith {j a woman.
5. Mary r\ agirl.
6. Cliff 1., mybrother.
7. It l: a big cat.
8. We J',ri' good friends.
9. You c"< students at the university.
10. They c.,'rt our Parents.

oThe Verb To Have (Verbul a avea)

Present Tense - Affirmative

I have We have
You have You have
He has
She has They have
It has

Exercise 3

Put in the correct from of the verb to have:

I lv.,'Y a pencil in my hand.

My brother is a good student. He I'rr,., very good marks.
 3. We hor"r a big house.
4. Helen h-;":, long hair.
5. They h,;,: a new car.
6. I lu.,,p bad news for you.
7. Our dog hc,": long ears.
8. The sfudents jr.,"".: classes every day.
9. The teacher 1,.,: a book on her desk.
10. My friends jr.-Jla nice flat

r The Plural of Nouns (Pluralul substantivelor)

in limbaenglez6, pluralul substantivelor se formeazd prin adiugarea termina{iei -s.

care se va pronunlalzl,la forma de singular a substantivului respectiv:
sg. boy- pl. boys
table -tables
in cazul substantivelor terminate in [s], lzl, [l], [g], [tj],[d.], pluralul va fi marcat prin
terminafia -es, care se va pronunla liz]: sg. blouse - pI. blouses
rose roses
brush brushes
garage garages
watch watches
judge judges

* Observa{ie:
Substantivele terminate la singular in v precedat de o consoand primesc la plural
terminafia es, y transformdndu - se in i: sg. countlv - pl. countries
lady - ladies

Exercise 4

Give the plural for the following nouns:

1. letter ., I 1 . glass
2. star 12. branch € \
3. tree 1 I 3. heach ( (
4. pencil \ 14. class i .,
.5. eye S 15. box (
6. king 16. bush t.:
7. name -) 17. possibility_ir. r
8. room ( 18. nationali\ ; :
e. k"\_rg_:_ 19. responsibility, i', .l
10. taK_jg:_ 20. hab\ r '-.';
 . The Adjective (Adjectivul)

Spre deosebire de limba romini, in limba englezd, adjectivul preced[ substantiwl pe

care il determin6
gi nu variazr in funcfie de numirul gi genul acestuia.

Exemplu: rom. mdr rogu, eng. red apple

mere rogii red apples
masind noud - new car
maqini noi neut cars

Exercise 5.

Translate into English :

1. un b[rbat inalt
2. o femeie slabi
3. o carte interesantd
4. un ciine r6u i.i. hrr
5. o pisic[ albe c..r i('i't h ;?,,i.
6. o poveste amuzant[ e., lc, rv :i, ,', ,
7 .
trandafiri rogii ; '., ,
i:^ >r/,.
8. studenfi buni c:,rart,.l
9. magini negre l^'|rt t{, ,'in.,r,,..
10. case mari

Vocabulary

o The Cardinal Numeral Q.{umeralul cardinal)

Numeralele de la 1 la 10: Numeralele de la 1I la20: Zeclle:

1-one I 1. - eleven 10. - ten
2-two 12. - twelve 20. - twenty
3 - three 13. - thirteen 30. - thirty
4 - four 14. - fourteen 40. - forty
5-five 15. - fifteen s0. - fifty
6-six 16. - sixteen 60. - sixty
7 - seven 1 7.
- seventeen 70. - seventv
8 - eight 18. - eighteen 80. - eighty
9 - nine 19. - nineteen 90. - ninetv
l0-ten 20 - twentv I 00. - one hundred

* Dup[ cum se obseltr, numeralele de la 13 la 19 se formeazd prin addugarea

termina{iei -teen la numeralele de la 3 Ia 9, in unele caztsn existdnd qi modificari de
ordin ortografic;
** Numeralele dintre zeci sunt rezultatul combinafiei dintre zeci qi numeralele de la 1
la lo. Exemplu: twenty - one (21), thirfy - two (32), fortv - five (45), sixtv - eight (6g) etc.
 Exercise 6

write the following numhers in letters: 8, 1 I , 22, 47 , gl ,36, g3, 33, 12, 59, 40,75.

r phrases (Expresii)
Actualllt/ Infact ...sunt folosite pentru a sublinia o idee pe care vorbitorul o consideri
importanti: You arc my friend. Actuallv,you are my best friend.

Conversation
Greetings:
Hello! i n {u ,{ Good - bye!
Hi! y o, (i , -t Bye - hyet
Good morning! See you (later)!
Good afternoon! Good night!
Good evening!

Wat your nameT

is My nameis ......
Wat'.t ltour nam.e? I am..........
How old are you? I am ........... (years old)
Wat is ltour joh? I am a/ an
 LESSON 2

HOME ALONE

Martin and his little brother are alone at home because Mr. and Mrs. Smith are out of
town. They are so happy! The bad thing is that they must cook their breakfast, lunch and
dinner, and this is not easy for the two brothers. The big question is where are the things in
the kitchen?
Martin: "I want to make some tea. Where is the kettle? Is it in the cupboard?"
Cliff: "It isn't in the cupboarcl. Look! It's here, on the stove, but where are the cups?"
Martin: " I think they are there, in the cupboard."
Cliff: "Ok! They are here, on the shelf. What about the plates? Are they in the cupboard,
too?"
Martin: "I suppose they are. Look on the other shelf, above the cups."
Cliff: "Here they are. Now we need butter, cheese and ham to make our sandwiches."
Martin: "This is easy! They are in the refrigerator, and the bread is in the pantry. And bring
some biscuits, too. They are near the corn flakes box."
Cliff: "Here is the bread, but the biscuits aren't here."
Martin: " Let's look on the fridge. Here they are!"
After hreaffast:
Martin: "Now we must wash the dishes and clean the kitchen."
Cliff: "All right. Where is the dish detergent?"
Martin: "I'm not sure. Look there. under the sink. Is it there?"
Cliff: "Yes, it is here. Now I can wash the dishes."
Martin: "If you wash the dishes, I can clean the kitchen floor. Where is the broom?"
Cliffi "T think it's there, near the window. Take it and start cleaning!"
Martin: "Ok! Let's start!"

Grammar

r
The Verb To Be
Present Tense - Tnterrogative and Negative

Tnterrogative Negative

am I? are we? I am not/ I'm not we are noV aren't

are you? are you? you are not/ aren't you are not/ aren't
is he? are they? he is not/ isn't thev are not/aren't
is she? she is no/ isn't
io i+? it is noil it isn'il it's not

* Interogativul verbului to he se formeaz6 prin inversiune (A: he ls; I: ls he?), iar negativul
prin utilizarea nega[iei not.
Exercise ].

Make questions and answer in the affirmative:

Model: you/ a ,student he/ a tenni,s player
Are you a student? Is he a tennis player?
Yes, I am. Yes, he is.

1. Paul Newman/ an actor

2. your friends/students
3. you/ an English teacher
4. itl a good film
5. she/ your mother
6. your father/ a doctor
7. your classmates/ football fans
8. she/ an actress
9. they/ singers
I 0. you/ punctual

Exercise 2

Write the negative of the following sentences:

Model: Thi.s i,s an apple - Thi.s i.sn't on apple.

l. She is an economist
2. Tt is a dog
3. This is a flower
4. He is mv little brother
5. They are waiters
6. They are white cats
7. It is a cigarette
8. They are good friends
9. You are an engineer
10. They are my neighbours

o Must

Verbul modal must arat5 obligafia: You must be at the o.ffice at 8.

Children must go to hed early.
Interogatiwl se formeazl, ca qi in cazul verbului to be, prin inversiune:
Must you be at the ffice at 8 ?
Must children go to bed earll;?
Negatiwl se formeaz[ prin adlugarea nega[iei not
Atenfie! La negativ, must nu exprime absen{a obligafiei, ci interdicfie:
You must not/ mustn 'l smoke here = Nu ai voie sd fumezi aici.
children must not/ mustn't play there: copii nu au voie sd se joace acolo.
Exercise 3

Write sentences to express obligation:

Model: you/ shut the door
You must shut the door.

1. she/ open the window

2. you/ buy a new jacket
3. hel make the bed
4. they/ leave now
5. we/ tell her the truth
6. you/ water the flowers
7. she/ read this book
8. they/ stay there
9. Il talkto him
10. you/ look at this photo

Exercise 4
a) Turn the sentences fro 1 to 10 into the interrogative.
Model: You must shut the door. - Must you shut the door?
b) Turn the sentences from I to l0 into the negative to express interdiction.
Model: You must shut the door. - You mustn't shut the door.

o The Imperative
Imperatiwl este identic cu forma de infinitiv scurt a verbului (verbul la infinitiv fhrd
particula lol; Come here!
Go there!
Look at the picture!
Imperatiwl negativ se formeazd cu don't: Don '/ come here!
Don't go there!
I)on't look at the picture!

Exercise 4

Tum into the negative:

1. Come in!
2. Write the letter!
a
J. Drive fast!
4. Help your brother!
5. Stand up!
6. Sit down!
7. Send them a telegram!
8. Tell me about it!
9. Put it on the desk!
10. Take two books!
 o Here - There indicE ideea de apropiere, respectiv depirtare a vorbitorului fafd de
obiectul la care se refer6. Aceste adverbe de loc se folosesc in strdnsi leg[turtr cu
pronumele demonstrative this- that: This is my book. It is here.
That is our house. lt is there.
*De re{inut c\ this that nu variaz6 in funcfie de gen: This is my dog.
Si
This is my cat.
That is a nelv flat-
That is a new car.

Exercise 5

Fill in the blanks with the correct word:

1. Look! This is my new pen. It's _, in my hand.

2. Bring me _ plate, please. Tt's there, on the shelf.
3. Is _ your car? No, my car is there.
4. is my friend, Henry. Let's go and talk to him.
5. Hurry up! Your taxi is

Vocabulary
o The meals of the day (mesele zilei)
- brealcfasf: We have breakfast in the morning.
- lunch: We have lunch at noon.
- dinner'. We have dinner in the evening.
* in limba englezl se foloseqte verbul to have pentru a reda ideea de a lua masa.

e Phrases
I think, I suppose se utilizeaz[ pentru a introduce o afirmafie de care vorbitorul nu este
foarte sigur: I'm not sure.1 thinkyour books are there.
T don't know. I suppo,se you are right.

I want to se folosegte pentru a exprima o dorin![ a vorbitorului: I want to talk lo you.

Negatilul se formeazd cu don't: I don't want to talk to you.
^So
seutilizeazd pentru a introduce o concluzie sau o consecinf[:
I'm afraid they are not here. So, we must come tomorrow.
He is very ill, so he must take this medicine.

r Prepositions

In, On: The milk is ir the bottle.

The bottle is or the table.
Above. (Jnder: The vase is on the table.
The carpet is under the table.
Near: When it is cold, people sit ne.ar the fire.

9
Conversation

Let's varianti de imperativ, care se folosegte pentru a exprima o sugestie sau un indemn
este o
la persoana I plural: Let's try again!
Let's listen!
What aboul...se foloseqte in urmitoarele cazuri:
- pentru a solicita o informa{ie: The plates are here. What about the glasses?
- pentru a solicita plrerea interlocutorului cu privire la o anumit6 acfiune propus[ de
vorbitor. In acest caz, expresia va fi urmati de un verb la care se adaugd terminafia
-ing: Wat about going to afilm tomorrow?
Wat ahout trying again?
Ok!, All right

10
I,ESSON 3

THE HOUSE WHERE WE LIVE

nice district of our town. It is a nice house and there

We live in a new house, in a very-Behind
the house there is a Eaftge where we keep our
is a garden full of flowers in front of it.
car' roor]r, the clining - room' the
All in all, there are eight rooms in our house: the sitting - upstairs.
plus another bathroom
kitchen and a bathroom dowristairs, and three bedrooms
When we are at home, we spend a lot of time inthe
living - room' It-is our favourite
room, because it isle.y comfortable.and the
TV set is here! So' let me tell you about our
the windows are large' there is much
living - room. rr',is ..oio is very spacious and, because
with a lot of books in it' On the left side'
light here. On the ,ighi sia. tfteie is lUig Uoof.case
middle of the room there is a big couch' with t'wo
on a small table, the"re is the TV set. Tn tie
armchairs on each side and another small table
in front of it' under the couch' the armchairs
many plants in our living room' too' Actually'
and the table there is round carpet. There are
there are plants in every comer of the room'
This is the room where we receive our guests and
it is really elegant!

Grammar

r There is/ There are

englezdpentru verbul a fi, at|nci cdnd

Aceast6 construclie este echivalentul din limba
acasta se poate inlocui cv existd, se afld'
Prin urmare, aceasta nu se va traduce cuvfint cu
De refinut c6 aceast[ construcfie se foloseqte
cuv6nt, ci cu una din , variantete echivalente.
in contextul respectiv:
afurci cdnd subiectul propoziliei este nou introdus
There is a red carpet on thefloor' (sg)
There are red carpets on thefloor'(pl)

Exercise 1

Changethefollowingsentencesusingthereisorthereare..
in the room'
Modei: A box is in the room' - There is a box
Three letters are on the table. - There are three letters on the table'
1. A dictionary is on the shelf'
2. A lot PeoPle are outside'
of
3. A stranger is in the living - room'
4. A sandwich is on the Plate'
5. Two girls are in the hall'
6. ManY boYs are at the door'
7. A public garden is in the citY'
8. Ten books are on the desk'
g. Black clouds are in the skY'
10. Beautiful flowers are in the garden'

11
tl
 1 Ver-v, really

Cu ajutorul acestor adverbe construim superlatiwl absolut al adjectivelor. Ca gi in

limba romdnf,, aceste adverbe preced adjectivele pe care le determind :
tall - very tall; really tall
interesting - very interesting; really interesting

Exercise 2

Translate into English using very or really'.

1. Casa noastrd este foarte frumoasE.

2. Garajul unde finem maqina este foarte mare.
3. Camera de zi este camera noastr[ preferati pentru ci este foarte spafioasd.
4. Canapeaua aceea este foarte veche.
5. Scrisoarea aceasta este foarte lung[.

o EacW Every(fiecare)
Degi in(elesul lor este acelaqi qi ambele se folosesc cu substantive la singular, diferenfa
dintre adjectivele nehotlrdte each gi ever,v este urmitoarea:
Each se referl la un numfu de doui persoane sau lucruri luate individual:
There are hvo students in the room. Each student has a book in his hand.
Every se foloseqte tot cu substantive la singular, dar se refer[ la un numir mai mare de
persoane sau lucruri luate individual.
There are plants tn every corner of the room.

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with each or every:

1. There are two vases on the table. There are flowers in _ vase.
2. All the sfudents are in the classroom. _ shrdent has a notebook on his desk.
3. We have two cars, but they are very old. _ car is ten years old.
4. There are a lot of houses on street in our town
5. classroom in the school must have enough light.

o Much, Many, A lot of

Much (mult/ multli) se foloseqte cu substantive la singular:
We spend much time here.
There is much bread in the cupboard.
Maryt (multil multe) se folosegte cu substantive la plural:
There are many rooms in our house.
Many children are ill.

11
 lot of se foloseqte atit pentru singular, cdt gi pentru plural:
We spend much/ a lot oftimehere.
Many/ a lot of children are ill.

Exercise 4
Fill in the blanks with much, many, a lot of.

1. There 41s )rtr_1,\ people in this rogm.

2. Don't go shoppii!! We have r))rrLr[L of food in the ftdge.
3. Children mustn't eat chocolate. It's bad for their teeth.
4. There are .)l)r\. \\'\ newspapers on the table. Choose one of them.
5. The tea is too swedt. There is sugar in it.
6. students work during the holiday.
7. You need water to wash you car.
8. There are trees in their garden.
9. TV programs are very boring.
10. We have free time on Sundav.

Vocahulary
r Phrases
Infront of - behind
Up s t air s -d ow n,s t a ir,s
On, in
On the right, on the le.ft, in the middle of...

Exercise 5
Make up sentence using there is/ there are and the phrases above.

Conversation

Exercise 6
Choose a partner and practise the following conversation pattern:
Were is it?/ Where are they? - It is.../ they are...
Model:
A: "Where is the blackboard?" A: "Where are the pencils?"
B: "Tt is in front of you." B: " The pencils are on the desk"

Exercise 7
Describe your room using the new words and phrases in lesson 3.

l?
LESSON 4

A BUSY FAMILY

We are a busy family indeed. Everybody has a lot of things to do. But let's begin with
the first moments of the day:
In the morning, I wake up at a quarter to seven. Actually, everybody wakes up at
seven sharp, except my brother, who is very lary and always sleeps too much. After we wash
and dress, we have breakfast. Finally, my brother wakes up but he doesn't have time to have
breakfast because it's already late. So, he just drinks a cup of coffee with us and we leave the
house in a hurry. This usually happens at half past seven. I walk to the university every
morning and my brother walks to school, too. We are lucky to live very near to our schools.
The firm where my parents work is far from our house, so they go there by car. Actually, my
father drives hecause mother doesn't have a driving license.
We come back from school at about two o'clock. My parents arrive at four and we
have lunch together. This is really an exciting moment! My brother doesn't like soup and he
often quarrels with mother about it. Besides, he always wants two pieces of cake for desert.
Mother gets angry and scolds him, but it is useless.
After lunch, from five to eight, I study for the next day, I go out to meet my friends, I
read my favourite magaz.ine or I watch TV. My brother doesn't want to do his homework
alone and I usually waste about an hour helping him. I hate him for this!
At half past eight we have dinner and the show begins again: my brother refuses to
drink his milk, mother gets anry again, father tries to stay calm and I am happy to see Cliff
punished!
Anyway, everything is over soon because, at a quarter past nine, everybody is too tired
to quarrel anymore. So, we watch TV for an hour or two and then we go to hed because
tomorrow is another dav!

Grammar

r The Simple Present Tense (Prezentul simplu)

1. Forma

Prezentul simplu se formeaz[ pornind de la infinitivul scurt al verbelor. avdnd ca

echivalent in limba romdni tot timpul prezent.
AFIRMATIV INTEROGATIV NEGATIV
I take Do I take? I do noV don't take
You take Do you take? You don't take
He takes Does he take? He does not/ doesn't
She takes Does she take? She doesn't take
It takes Does it take? It doesn't take
We take Do we take? We do not/ don't take
You take Do you take? You don't take
They take Do thev take? They don't take

l4
 La aftmativ, la persoana I qi a
{I; a singular, precum gi la perso ana a III - a plural,
forma de prezent simplu a verbelor este identic6 cu forma de infinitiv scurt: La persoana
a III
- a singular, regula generald este aceea de a adiuga terminafia -s la forma de infinitiv scurt a
verbului: work - works, drive - drives, start starts.
-
Excepfie fac verbele terminate il -o,
.-c!r,
-sh, -dge, -ss, care primesc terminalia *s:
go - goes, watch - watches, brush brushes, judge
* Observafie: - - judges, dress - dresses.
- verbele care la infinitiv se termini in -y precedat de consoan6 se supun
urm6toarei reguli: -y se transformd in
-i gi apoi se adaugd terminalia -+s: try -
tries, cry * cries. Dacd -y este precedatde vocali, veibele se supgn regulii
generale (adaugi terminalia -s): say says, play _ plays.
-
2. Utilizarea
Prezentul simplu se folosegte in urmitoarele situafii:
a. pentru areda acfiuni obignuite sau care se repeti in mod regulat;
astfel de .acfiuni sunt insofite de adverbe de timp pri.u-
usualllt, alwalts, ort"n, never (care sunt agezate intre subiectul gi
predicatul propozifiei) sau de compupi ai lui every; everyv da1,,
everv week, every year etc (care stau la sfrrgitul propozigiei)
Exemplu: I usually drink coffee in the morning.
We wake up at7 every day.
b. pentru a exprima acfiuni cu caracter permanent:
Exemplu: He works in a hospital.
Thev live in London.

Exercise 1

Write the following verbs in the third person singular:

1. drink
2. wash
3, study
4. go-
5. buy-
6- eat .-----
7. miss
8. hurry
9. try .--
10. live
I l. get
12. stay
13. brush
14. read,
15. come

l5
 Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present:

1. I (get up) at 7 when the alarm - clock (ring).

2. I (eat) breakfast in a hurr,v, not to be late for school.
3. Dad (leave) early to the firm where he (run) a business.
4. Mum (drive) to school at 8.
5. Unfortunately she (teach) at the school where I (learn).
6. I (travel) to school with her in the car'
7. Classes (start) at 9 sharP.
8. The break eventually (arrive) after three classes'
g. After school I (go) home with my mother in her car again.
10. She (prepare) luneh and we all (eat) at 4.

Exercise 3

Turn the following sentences into the interrogative and negative:

l. He knows the answer.

2. They drive very carefullY.
3. The train leaves at 7.
4. John plays chess with his friends.
5. They agree with you.
6. Children like sweets.
7. I know him very well.
8. He reads German books.
9. She wants a new dress.
10. They play football every Friday.

Exercise 4

Make the sentences negatlve:

Model: I playfootball/ tennis. He drinl<s tea/ coffee'

I plaltfoothall but I don't play tennis.He drinks tea hut he doesn't drink coffee.

l. You like novels/ short stories.

2. She plays the piano/ violin.
3. He drinks wine/ beer.
4. T speak English/ SPanish.
5. Mv father likes football/ tennis.
6.We open the windows every morning/ the door-
7.We watch films on TV/ football matches.
8. He rides a carlbicycle.

1A
 9. It rains a lot in spring/ in summer.
10. My mother teaches English/ French.

Vocahulary
o The parts of the day:
We wake up in the morning.
We have lunch at noon.
We drink tea in the afternoon.
We watch TY in the evening.
We sleep at night.

o Phrases

except....
in a hurr,v
near to -farfrom
besides

Conversation

r Telling the time (exprimarea orei)

What time is it?/ What's the time?

It is...../ it's.....

* in limba englezLora se exprim6 in felul urmtrtor:

It is +\- a quarter (un sfert)/ + \ ,,/+ ora

\ half (umltate) ,/ rto
ffird)'
Exemplu: 8 gi 20 :tewnt,v (minutes) past eight
8 fEri 20: twent,v (minutes) to eight
7 qi jum[tate = hafpast seven
:
9 fdr[ un sfert a quarter to nine

Exercise 5

Write the following times using the model above:

1. 3 qi 25
2. 5 ftrd2O
3. 2 qi jumltate
4. 10 fbr[ un sfert
5. 12 qi 10
6. 7 9i un sfert

I7
7. 9 fdrl l0
8. 11 9i jumltate
9. 6 fi,ulun sfert
10. 8 9i 20

1a
 LESSON 5

WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

We are alone at home again. Our parents are visiting some friends and I must look
after my litle brother. In the meantime, I am trying to finish this exciting SF story. But wait a
minutei What's this terrible noise? It seems to me it's coming from the bathroom... oh, no! I
hope Cliffis not doing something again. But T'd better go and see what is going on. Of course,
the door of the bathroom is closed.
Martin is lvtocking at the door. Here is the dialogte hetween the two hrothers:
Martin: "Cliff, what are you doing in there?"
Cfiff: " Nothing much. T'm washing something. Go away,you are disturbing me."
Martin: " You are disturbing me with the noise you are making."
Cliff: " T'm not making any noise. Tt's Benny. I think he doesn't like this shampoo."
M: "What? Do you mean you are washing the dog in the bathtub? Open the door!"
C: " Ok! Come in."
M: " Let's take the poor dog out of that foam. But isn't that my tooth brush in your hand?"
C: " Well, you see..."
M: " You are washing the dog with my toothbrush! I'm getting mad!"
C: " Don't worry! Here you are. T'm giving it back to yotl-"
M: " No, thanks! You can keep it. Oh God, this is making me sick!"

Grammar

r The Continuous Present Tense (Prezentul continuu)

1. Forma

Prezentul continuu se formeaz[ cu ajutorul auxiliarului to be la prezent, urmat de un verb

la care se adaugI terminafia -ing.

AFIRMATIV INTEROGATTV NEGATIV

I am talking Am I talking? T am not/ I'm not talking

You are talking Are you talking? You are not/ aren't talking
He is talking Is he talking? He is not/ isn't talking
She is talking Is she talking? She is not / isn't talking
Tt is talking Is it talking? It is not/ isn't talking
We are talking Are we talking? We are not/ aren't talking
You are talking Are you talking? You are not/ aren't talking
They are talking Are they talking? They are not/ aren't talking

t9
r Reguli de ortografie:

Atunci cdnd primesc terminalia -ing, verbele suport[ urmitoarele modificdri de ordin
ortografic:
1. verbele terminate in --e igi pierd vocala finali: make - making, take - taking;
2. verbele monosilabice terminate in consoani sau verbele bisilabice a cdror consoan6
final[ se afl6 in silaba accentuat[ iqi dubleaz6 consoana final6: to sit - sitting, to begin
- beginning;
3. verbele terminate in -l igi dubleaz6 consoana finali: travel - travelling.

2.Utllizarea

in general, Prezentul continuu se foloseqte penhu a reda o acliune in curs de

desfEgurare in momentul vorbirii: We are learning English now:He is sleeping at the moment:

Exercise 1

Put the verbs in brackets into the Continuous Present:

l. Mary (plan) aparty for Saturday night.

2. They (move) the cupboard.
3. Father (carry) a box.
4. Daniel (pat) the dog.
5. Our friends (travel) to the country.
6. They (play) handball now.
7. She (put) some flowers in the basket.
8. Aunt Emily (make) a pie.
9. Alice and Peter (buy) a new house.
10. f (tr"v) to answer your questions.

Exercise 2

Turn the following sentences into the interrogative:

1. Martin is reading the morning paper.

2. Helen is washing a carpet.
3. Tom and Alice are watching TV.
4. They are enjoying the program very much.
5. I am writing a letter.
6. Grandmother is knitting a pullover.
7. Grandfather is smoking a pipe.
8. They are sitting near the fire.
9. He is working in the garden.
10. The children are thinkins about the holiday.

2A
Exercise 3
Make negative sentences according to the model:
Model: my mother/ read a booH a magazine
My mother is not reading a book; she is reading a magazine.

L my sister/ go to schooV to the cinema

2. you/ wear a coat today/ jacket.
3. we/ watch the news/ cartoons
4. they/ live in a house/ a flat
5. the students/ use dictionaries/ textbooks
6. the,v/ play chess/ cards
7. I/buy a dress/ a pair ofshoes
8. she/ put the box on the floor/ on the table
9. Mr. Smith/ speak to you/ to me
10. *'el have dinner/ lunch

o The Possessive Adjective (Adjectivul posesiv)

Formele adjectivului posesiv

Persoana Get Numlr Exemple

Sinsular Plural
I my - meu, mea our - nosuu mv book - cartea mea
noasfr6 our book -cartea noastre
il your - t6u, ta your - vostru your watch - ceasul tdu
voastri vour watches - caesurile voastre
M his - lui his car - magina lui
m F her - ei their *lor her dress - rochia ei
N its its door - u$a ei (a casei)
their flat - apartamentul lor

Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjective:

1. I live in a house together with ......parents.

2. Tell .Iane not to forget . . . .. .. train tickets at home.
3. He lives in Paris with ....... wife and .......son.
4. They always leave . .... .. car in the garage.
5. Excuse me, is this . . ... .. pen?

2l
 6. The camera is in ....-.. Place.
7 .
Don't forget to take ..-..--.k"y when you leave'
8. I can't lend you ........car till the end of the week'
g. She is inviting all . - . . - -..friends to the part"v'
10. Mike and Andrew are at the cinema with ' ' ' ' ' "parents'

Vocabulary
o Phrases

- to look after

- in the rneantitne

- it seems to rne

- I'd better....

Conversation
Do you mean....?
What do you mean?
You see....
Here you are

1''
 LESSON 6

PARTY IN THE FA]\4ILY

It's finally Sunday. This is my favourite day of the week, and I'm sure you know what
T mean. Resides, it is a fine summer day. We are in .Iuly and the weather is so beautiful! We
usually go to the mountains on Sunday, but today is a special day. It's my mother's birthday.
So, we are staying home to prepare the garden party.Although she is the one who always
spoils us, today we are spoiling her: father is preparing her breakfast and coffee, while my
brother and I are trying hard not to quarrel, at least for one day. T am cooking hreakfast for
both of us, not to disturb mother. And imagine that Cliff, who always refuses to drink his
milk, is drinking the whole mug now, without a word of protest! This is really a miracle.
It's already ten o'clock. We are wrapping our presents because we want to surprise
mother when she comes downstairs. My father's gift is a nice gold bracelet, Cliffls present is
a silk scarf, and my present is a leather suitcase. As you can imagine, we are not very good at
wrapping presents, so this job takes us more than twenty minutes.
It's almost eleven and we have so much work to do. We are expecting guests and
everything must he perflect. My father seldom cooks, but today he is making an exception: he
is preparing the appetizers and the barbeque, while my brother and I are preparing the salad.
Ok! Everything is ready.... and just in time, because the guests are coming: our
grandparents, my mother's brother, uncle Tim, my father's sister, aunt Sarah, and our good
neighbours, the Browns. T'm so glad they are not bringing their kids; I hate them because they
always make so much noise!
Now everything is ready and everybody is here, except mum.... She is always
spending so much time in front of the mirror!...No, there she is! She is coming down the
stairs and she is wearing such a beautiful dress! The partv can begin now!

Grammar

r The Present Tense Simple and Continuous (Revision)

*Pe ldngi regula generaltr de utilizare a Prezentului continuu menfionati in lecgia anterioari,
acest timp verbal se mai folosegte gi in urmltoarele situa{ii:
- penfiu a reda o acfiune intimpl[toare sau temporard, chiar daci aceasta nu se
petrece in momentul vobirii: He usually drives to his work but today he is
walking;
- impreunl cu adverbe de timp care indicl frecvenfa (alwa,vs, constantly, all the
time), pentru a indica o actiune care il deranjeazd pe vorbitor prin repetare
exageratd: He is alwa"vs pla"ving the piano at this time of night.

**Observalie:

in limba englez|., exist6 unele verbe care nu se folosesc la forma continud. in acest
caz, Prezentul continuu se va inlocui cu Prezentul simplu, chiar daci acliunea respectivd se
petrece ?n momentul vorbirii.
Verbele care nu se folosesc la forma continui se impart in urmitoarele categorii:

23
 - verbe de percepfie: to see (I see somebody in front of the house), to hear (I
hear music), to smell (This coffee smells very good), to taste (The soup tastes
delicious), to ,sound (This melody sounds great), to look (You look wonderful
today);
- verbe cognitive: to know (He knows the answer), to under.stand (I understand
what you are saying), to think (I think you are right), to imagine (I imagine it is
very cold in the mountains);
- verbe de atitudine: to like, to dislike, to love, to hate (He likes this film), ro
want (They want to leave now), to wislt (We wish you good luck), to prefer (I
prefer to wait here), to refuse (She refuses to talk to you now);
- verbul to be (a[tnci cind denot[ o stare de fapt obignuit[ - Tom is at school.
He is a pupil) gi verbul to have (atunci cind exprimd posesia - She has a book
in her hand);
- alte verbe: to forget, to rememher, to notice, to recognize (I'm sure it's John. T
recognize his car), to cost (This coat costs a lot of money), to deserve (They
deserve to be punished,\, to mean (What do you mean?l What does this word
mean?) to hope (We hope to pass our exams).

Fvarni ca 1

Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous:

1. Daniel (live) in London. At present her (live) in Paris.

2. The wind (blow) hard outside. Tt often (blow) like this in auturmn.
3. The play (begin) now. Plays on TV always (begin) at 8.15 pm.
4. Mr. Brad (write) historical novels. Right now he (write) a new novel.
5. Monica (try) to finish her work early today. She (go) to the theatre in the evening.
6. We (spend) this week at the seaside. We (enjoy) ourselves very much.
7. I (wake up) early every morning. On Sunday mornings I (sleep) late.
8. Today I (not read) the newspaper T usually (read).
9. On my way to school l usually (meet) many people who (go) to their work.
10. Our neighbours always (interfere) in other people's affairs!
11. When it (rain) people usually (stay) indoors.
12. The sun (rise) in the east and (set) in the west.
13. He always (lose) his temper if you (try) to contradict him.
1a. ft $e) a fine spring day. The sun (shine) and a light wind (blow).
15. He must hurry because he (meet) his girlfriend at 5 o'clock and she (not like) to be
kept waiting.

Exercise 2
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or Continuous, paying attention to the verbs
that carnot be used in the continuous form:

1. Who is he? I (not remember ) his name.

2. I (see) a car in front of our house. Look, Paul (get) out of the car! He (come) to visit
us.
3. T (hear) a terrible noise upstairs. My neighbour (practise) the violin again!

24
 4. Don't give me any advice. I (know) what I (do).
5. This tea (taste) very good. Give me another cup, please.
6. I'm afraid I (not understand) what you (say).
7. He (not like) the dress I (wear) today.
8. "I (want) to speak to your boss right now!" "I'm sorrlr, sir. He is busy. He (talk) with
annfhar nrrc'inmar l'
gllvLttvl vuJlvrttvt.
9. I (hope) you (not wait) for somebody else to do your job.
10. {Infortunately, she (not know) what you (mean).

r The 's Genitive/ The Synthetic Genitive (Genitir,ul sintetic)

Genitiwl sintetic consti in adiugarea unui 's la substantiwl care denumeqte

posesorul. Ordinea cuvintelor este urmetoarea: P + 6s * OP
P = substantiwl care denumegte posesorul
OP = substantiwl care denumeqte obiectul posedat
Exemplu: the student's dictionary - dicfionarul studentului
John's house - casa lui John.

* tn general, acest tip de genitiv se folosegte cind posesorul este o persoanS. Atunci cdnd
posesorul este un obiect, se utilizeaz\ vn alt tip de genitv (Genitivul analitic) care se
construiegte cu ajutorul prepoziliei of. Ordinea cuvintelor va fi urm[toarea:
The+oP+of+The+P
Exemplu: the door of the house - u$a casei
the streets of the town - strlzile oragului
the walls of the room - perelii camerei

Exercise 3

Translate into English using the synthetic or analyic Genitive:

1. pirinlii lui Dan

2. camera copilului
3. profesorul fiului meu
4. sora lui Sam
5. oragele acestei tiri
6. ferestrele casei mele
7. dic{ionarul fratelui meu
8. u$a garajului
9. rochia fetei
10. industria oragulut

?{
Vocabulary
o The days of the week:
- Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
* De refinut ci, in limba englez6, zilele s[ptimdnii se scriu cu majusculd, iar prepozilia
asociat[ este on: They usually sleep late on Sunda,v.

o The months of the year:

- January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October,
November, December.
* De refinut c[, la fel ca gi zilele sipttrmdnii, lunile anului se scriu in englezd cu majuscul[,
prepozilia asociatil fiind in: Many people go to the seaside in August.

26
 PROGRESS TEST r (LESSONS I- 6)

1. Fill in the blank with the correct tense:

She can't talk to vou now. She
a. has c. have
b. is having d. had

2. Fill in the blank:

Many people are already at the gate. . ...... about fift52 persons.
a. afe c. it is
h fhoro i" z{ fharp
u. arov
llrvt v gl

3. Fill in the blank:

...a National Theatre in this toun.
a. there is c. it is
b. it does d. it isn't

4. Fill in the blanks:

This is not my penci'|. T think it is .........pencil.
a. he c. him
b. his .l hoto

5. Choose the correct word:

T need . . ... pen to sign this paper.
a. an c.a
hir d. one

6. Choose the correct words:

. ..dress over here is very elegant.

a. that c. it
b. this d. an

7. Choose the correct plural form:

Many ....participate to the Olympic Games.
a. countris c. countryes
b. countrys d. countries

8. Fill in the blank:

What time .to the office?
a. you go c. do you go
b. go you d. does you go

9. Fill in the blank:

Tt's very late. Why ............?
a- aren't you sleeping c. you aren't sleeping
b. you don't sleep d. you isn't sleeping

27
10. Mark the correct form:
\\rhat
a. Ann is eating b. eats Ann
b. eat Ann d. is Ann eating

11. Fill in the blank:

" ..... ...at school?'o "Yes. he is."
a. your son is b. is your son
c. there is your son d. it is your son

12. Fill in the blank:

Children. .play with matches.
a. need not b. must not
c. do not have to d. haven't to

13. Fill in the blanks:

How many people ..... in this room?
a. thereare b. there is
b. are there d. they are

14. Choose the correct word:

We neeel .....time to visit all these places.
a. much b. many
c. lot d. mcst

15. Fill in the blank:

.....
T ..to school every day.
a. walk b. am walking
c. walks d. are walkine

16. Fill in the blank.

.
He ..the answers to all the questions.
..

a. know b. knows
c. is knowing d, are knowing

17. Fill in the blank.

.....ten past eight.
a. is b. there is
c. it is d. are

18. Choose the correct word:

.....stuclent must write a paper at the end of the term.
a. every b. each
c. much d. manv

19. Fill in the blanks:

They are very late. ...leave without them.
a. must b. do
c. let's d. shall

te
20. Fill in the blanks:
Ilnfortunat"ly, .. .....enough food for everybody.
a. isn't b. there isn't
c. it isn't C. this isn't

21. Fill in the blank:

". . "... . ...is your brother?" "He is fine, thanks."

a. how old is b. how is

b. rvhat is d. rvho is

22.Fill in the blank:

Open the door. I ..somebody knocking.
a. hears b. am hearing
c. hear v. rlnn ttu haq.
n uvrt tlvol

23. Fill in the blank:

What ........?
a. does he want b. want he
c. wants he .l
u. rln rrv
uv ho.tront
vv 4llt

24.Flll in the blank:

\f,fhere ',
a. do you work b. are you working
c. work you d. you are working

25. Choose the correct word:

T suppose this is ..... house.
a. they b. them
c. their d. they's

to
 LESSON 7
MY BEST FRTEND'S WEDDING

Last Saturday I went to Tom's wedding. I was so excited! Tom is my best friend. We
used to play together when we were kids and we studied at the same highschool. I enjoyed the
party very much. I met a lot of friends and we had a great time.
I think Tom is a luckv man. His wife, Helen, is not only a very prettv woman, but also
very clever and sociable. I didn't believe when they told me that everything happened because
of a cat:
Helen lived in the house next to Tom's. and Tom was soon in love with her. He looked
at her over the garden fence; he talked to her a little one day; he drove her to her office once;
and one evening, he went to a Christmas party and danced with her.
Then, one day, about six months ago, he went out in the garden and saw Helen on the
other side of the fence, very unhappy and worried.
"What's the matter?" asked Tom.
"My cat climbed that tree an hour ago and it is still there. I think it is afraid to come
down" she answered.
"Did you try to call it?" he asked.
"T tried a thousand times but the poor eat is too seared to come down" she said.
Tom looked up and saw Helen's cat high up in the tree. Then, he jumped over the
fenee, climbed the tree anel earried the cat down. Helen was so pleased to see her cat safe
again, that she put her arrns around Tom and gave him a kiss. At that time, he didn't imagine
that this was the beginning of their love story...

Grammar

o The Simple Past Tense (Trecutul simplu)

1. Forma

AFIRMATIV INTEROGATIV NEGATIV

I walked Did I rvalk? I did not/ didn't rvalk
You walked Did you walk? You did not/ didn't walk
He walked Did he walk? He did not/ Cidn't walk
She walked Did she walk? She did not/ didn't walk
It v;alked Did it rvalk? It did not/ didn't walk
We walked Did we walk? We did not/ didn't walk
You walked Did you walk? You did not/ didn't walk
They walked Did they walk? They did not/ didn't walk

* tn cazul verbelor regulate, forma de trecut afirmativ deriv[ din aceea de infinitiv scurt, la
care se adaugi terminatia {e)d: I walked in the park yesterday. La addugarea terminafiei -
(e)d, au loc urm[toarele modificiri de ordin ortografic:
- verbele terminate la infinitiv in -y precedat de consoanl iqi transform[ terminafia -
y in -/ to cry - cried; to try -tried;
- verbele monosilabice terminate in consoand iqi dubleazd consoana finald: to stop -
stoppe.d;

?n
 - verbele terminate in -/ irsi dubleazl consoana final[: to travel - travelled
Interogativzrl se formeazL cu ajutorul auxiliarului did, urmat de subiectul propozi{iei qi de
verbul din context, care ipi va relua forma de infinitiv scurt: Did you walk in the park
yesterday?
Negativul se formeaz[ cu ajutorul auxiliarului did la negativ (did not) urmat de infinitivul
scurt al verbului: I did not/ didn't walk in the park yesterday.

* in cazul verbelor neregulate, care au trei forme de baz6, cea de - a doua formi reprezint[
forma de trecut afirmativ.
Exemplu: to go, went, gone
I went to the park yesterday.
Interogativul negativul verbelor neregulate se construiesc dupl aceleaqi reguli ca in cazul
gi
verbelor regulate (cu auxiliarele did/ did not gi cu verbul la infinitiv scurt): Did yougo to the
park yesterday?;I didn't go to the park yesterday.

2.Utllizarea

Trecutul simplu se folosegte pentru a reda o acfiune desfdgurat[ gi incheiatd intr * un

moment trecut. Prin urmare, adverbele de timp asociate cu acest timp verhal sunt: yesterday
(ieri), the dalt before yesterdoy (alalt[ieri), last week/ month (luna/ sdptimina trecutd), ten
minutes/ two dalts/five vears ago (acum zece minute/ doud zilel crnci ani). Trecutul simplu se
folosegte pi atunci cdnd nu se precizeazi momentul in care a avut loc acfiunea, dar contextul
indicd foarte clar c[ aceasta s - a consumat lntr - un moment trecut: I bought this dictionary
in London; How did you catch that bigfish?; Wat time/ when did you get there.?

Exercise 1
Write the Simple Past of the following regular verbs, paying attention to the spelling changes:

l. look - 11.ask-
2. carry - 12. study -
3. wait - 13. wash -
4. open - 14. mend -
5. cry- 15. finish -
6. play - 16. watch -
7. want - 17. drop -
8. work - 18. listen -
9. stay - 19. decide -
10. live - 20. need -

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with appropriate regular verbs into the Simple Past from the list above:

1. I _ my hands and my face ten minutes ago.

2. Tt was hot yesterday and we all the windows.
3. The bovs football last Sundav.

- 3l
 4. The baby was hungry and _ all night.
5. Frank a long time for the hus last night.
6. The lesson was easy, but some students a lot of questions.
7. Emily was ill yesterday and _ at home.
8. I _ my work an hour ago.
9. Th"y _ French last year.
10. When they were young, they _ in the country.

Exercise 3

Put the irregular verbs in brackets into the Simple Past. Consult the list of irregular verbs at
the end of the book:

1. I (hear) the news on the radio last night.

2. The teacher (come) into the classroom and (shut) the door.
3. I (forget) to post the letter yesterday.
4. The Bartons (sell) their car last year"
5. I (find) a watch in the street yesterday.
6. We (think) you needed help. That's why we (ring) you up.
7. The boy (catch) a cold last week.
8. My father (teach) me how to ride a bicycle two years ago.
9. I (see) a good film last night.
10. They (keep) the money in the safe.
11. We (choose) a new president last month.
12. Alice (wear) her new dress at the paft"v.
13. The little girl (fall) on the ice yesterday and (hurt) herself badly.
14. The patient (lie) in bed all day yesterday.
15. Our team (win) the match last night.

Exercise 4

Make questions and answers in the Simple Past using the given words. Consult the list of
irregular verbs if necessary:
Model: whatldrink for breakfast/ tea
Wat did you drinkfor brealgfa'tt?
I drank tea.

1. where/ live/ Glasgow ?

2. where/ work/ in an office ?
3. what time/ get up/at six ?.
,l
4. how/get to work/ by bus
5. when/ come/ last week
6. what/ do last night/ stay home
l. how long/ sleep/ for one hour
8. where/ spend your vacation/ in Paris

32
Exercise 5

Complete the following sentences according to the model:

Model: I _ the house, but I the garage. (paint)

I paintedthe house, butl didn't paint the garage.

l. She _ the fire department, but she an ambulance. (call)

2. I _ my aunt Martha, hut I my uncle Harry. (visit)
3. We the book, but we the film. (enjoy)
4. He _ his hands, but he his face. (wash)
5. I the front door. but I the back door. (lock)
6. I _bread, but I sugar. (buy)
7. She _ the newspaper, but she the magazine. (read)
8. He the documents, but he the money. (bring)
9. I to mv brother. but I to my sister. (write)
10. They the first game, hut they the second. (win)
1 1. He a coat, but he a sweater. (wear)
12.1 him my umbrella, but I _ him my car. (lend)
13. She the first exercise, but she the second. (understand)
14. He a beautiful dress for his wife, but he the right color.
(choose)
15. He the first race, but he the second one. (lose)

Vocabulary

o Phrases

- used to....se folosegte pentru a exprima o acfiune obignuiti in trecut.

Exempfu: We used to play together when we were kids Q{e jucam fmpreund cdnd
eram copii)
- to haye a good time/ to havefun (a se distra): They had a good time/fun at the.
part,v last night.
- not on|y......, hut also.... (nu numai....., dar 9i....)
Exemplu: She is not only pretty, but also very clever (Ea este nu numai drdguld,
dar qi foarte deqteaptd)

Conversation
What's the matter?/ What happened?
 LESSON 8
BIG SURPRISE...

My little brother is so full of surprises! Here is what he did to us yesterday:

In the aftemoon, I was upstairs in my room and T was studying for an exam T had the
next day, when my mother rushed into my room, scared to death.
"Martin, where is your hrother?" she asked.
"I don't know. Did you look in his room?"
"I looked everywhere. An hour ago he was playing in the garden, but now he isn't
there" she answered.
"Was he playing with Tommy? Perhaps they went to his house."
"He is not there. I phoned Tommy's mother and she said Tommy was at home. but
Cliff rvasn't there."
"Wait a minute! If he wasn't playing with Tommy, maybe he went out with his
bicycle. Did you look on the street?"
"I told you I looked everywhere. God, where is he?"
So, I left the house and went to the park to look for my little brother. But he wasn't
there. I was trying to stay calm, but I was really worried. Finally, I decided to go back home,
although I didn't know what to tell Mother. And then, the miracle happened: just when I was
entering the garden, Tommy appeared out of nowhere.
"My God, what happened to you? You scared all of us!" T shouted.
"Why?" Cliff asked. "I was down in the basement."
"Tn the basement?! What were doing there? Were you hiding from us?" I asked.
"Not at all. I wasn't doing anything wrong. My bike was broken and I was trying to
repair it by myself. I wanted to surprise you all" he answered.
"Well, I must say you really surprised us ... especially Mum. Did you manage to
repair it?"
"Not really. I took out some parts and now I can't put them back. But at least I
+n oA tt

'oYes, you are right. Now let's tell Mum the whole story and then let me help you with
your bike" T said.
"Ok, Martin! Cliff answered. Sometimes you are a great big brother!"
No comment....

Grammar
The Continuous Past Tense (Trecutul continuu)

1. Forma

AFIR.MATIV INTEROGATIV NEGATIV

I was eating Was I eating? I was noV wasn't eating

You were eating Were you eating? You were not/ weren't eating
He was eating Was he eating? He was not/ wasn't eating
She was eating Was she eating? She was not/ wasn't eating
Tt was eating Was it eating? It was not/ wasnot eatins

34
We were eating Were we eatins? We were not/ weren't eatins
You were eating Were you eating? You were not/ weren't eating
They were eating Were they eating? They were not/weren't eating

Trecutul continuu se formeazl cu ajutorul auxiliarului to be la trecut, urmat de verbul

principal la care se adaugd termina{ia -ing.
Interogativul se formeazl prin inversiune, iar negativul prin negarea auxiliarului (.was not/
wasn't; were not- weren't)

2.Utllizarea

Trecutul continuu se vtilizeazl pentru areda o acfiune aflati ?n curs de desfXqurare ?ntr
- un moment trecut: We were eating when the phone rang.

Exercise 1

Put the verbs in brackets into the Continuous Past:

1. She (to write) a letter to her friend.

2. We (to watch) TV when you came.
3. Beth and Bob (to have) a friendly talk.
4. They (to wait) in the rain.
5. The students (to practice) in the laboratory.
6. The wind (to blow) when we arrived.
7. She was scared because it (to get) dark.
8. When T met.Tulia she (to study) painting.
9. Linda (to play) the piano when I came home.
| 0. The fire (to burn) in the fireplace.

Exercise 2

Use the words below to make questions in the Continuous Past:

Model: you/ have breakfast/ at 8 o'clock yesterday
Were you having hrealcfast at 8 o'clock yesterdaSt?

1. you/ work/ at this time yesterday

,l
2. your parents/ watch TVi when T phoned
3. you/ sleep/ at 10 o'clock last night
4. your desk matelsing/ when you came ln ?
5. vou/ walk home/ when you saw them
6. thev/ swim in the sea/ this time last vear ?
7. your parents/ live here/ when you were born ?
8. hel read.lwhen the phone rang
9. you/ give atestlthis time last week
| 0. she/ work in the sarden/ when the rain started

35
Exercise 3

Give negative answers to the questions above:

Model: Were you having hreak"fast at I o'clock yesterday?
I wasn't having hrealcfast at 8 o'clock ye.sterday.

Exercise 4

Put the verbs in brackets into the Simple or Continuous Past:

1. While I (wait) for the bus, the rain (stop).

2. When I (meet) Alice she (live) in the country.
3. We (write) in our notebooks when the teacher (leave) the classroom.
4. They (talk) about you when you (come) into the room.
5. Alice (worQ as a hotel receptionist when I first (see) her.
6. While she (wateh) TV, the milk (boil) over.
7. As he (cross) the street, a car (hit) him.
8. Mary (ook) out of the window when the accident (happen).
9. He (try) to fix his car when I (pass) by his house.
10. The children (pluy) in the park when the storm (start).

Vocabulary
o Perhapsl Maybe (Poate cd...) indic[ faptul cd vorbitorul nu este foarte sigur de
afirmafia pe care o face:
Exemplu: "Where is Tom?"
"T'm not sure. Perhaps/mayhe he is in his room."
r Phrases
- to rush into/ to: The kids were so scared that they rushed into their father's arms;
He rushed to the phone to call the police.
- to look for: "What are you doing?"
"T lost my keys and now I'm looking for them all over the house."
- out of nowhere: unexpectedly (pe neagteptate, din senin): Black clouds appeared
out of nowhere and a violent storm started.
- not at all: "Am T disturbing you?"
'No, nol at all. Sit down, please."

Conversation

Wait a minute!- se folosegte atunci cdnd vorbitorul este nedumerit sau iritat de o replicd a
interlocutorului, atunci cdnd doregte si sublinieze o idee care i se pare importantd etc:
"Wait a minute! How do you know all these things?"
"Wait a minute! How dare you speak to me like this?"
"Wait a minute! I think I found the solution!"

36
 LESSON 9

PLANS FOR THE SUMMER HOLIDAY

The summer holiday starts tomorrow and Martin is talking with one of his friends
about how they will spend the next three months:
Martin: "It's great! I can't believe school is over. And we shall have three months with
no classes, no tests, just freedom and fun!"
Bob: "Do you have any plans for the holiday? Where will you spend it?"
Martin: "Certainly not at home. First, I shall go on a summer camp in the mountains.
The bad news is that I must take my little brother with me, so imagine what fun it will be.
Anyway we shall stay there for two weeks, and then, in August, my parents and Cliff will go
to the country and I shall spend three wonderful weeks at the seaside, with a group of friends.
[Jnfortunately, that will be all because when T return I shall start working. I took a part time
job at the gas station in the neighbourhood, to earn some money. I do this every summer to
help my parents pay for my studies. What about you? T hope you will not spend you holiday at
home."
Bob: " Of course T won't spend it at home. As a matter of fact, I must go home and
pack my luggage, because I am leaving tomorrow. My plane takes off at half past ten
tomorrow morning. T shall spend fwo great weeks in Miami, with my uncle. You know he is a
rich guy, and he offered to pay for my holiday there. After I come back, my family and I will
go on a trip to Europe. This will be so exciting! T shall send you a postcard from Paris."
Martin: " Great! Have a nice holiday!"
Bob: "Thanks. You too."

Grammar

r The Simple Future (Viitorul simplu)

AFIRMATIV INTEROGATIV NEGATIV

I shall take Shall I take? I shall nc/ shan't take
You will take Will you take? You will not/won't take
He will take Will he take? LJa rvill nnf/ rrrnntf folzo

She will take Will she take? She will noV won't take
It lvill take Will it take? It rvill notl rvon't take
We shall take Shall we take? We shall not/ shan't take
You will take Will you take? You will not/ won't take
They will take Will they take? They will not/ won't take

Viitorul simplu se formeazd cu ajutorul auxiliarului shall (pentru persoana I singular qi

plural) gi will (pentrr,r celelalte persoane), insofite de infinitivul scurt al verbului de conjugat.
Pentru ambele auxiliare forma scufte este 'll: I'l/ take; he'll take
Interogativzl se formeazd.pnn inversiune, iar negativul prin negarea auxiliarului (shall
not/ ,shan't: will not/ won't)

a-
 Obseruafie: Sub influenfa englezei americane, auxiliarul will s -
* a generalizat la
toate persoanele in englezabritanici'noibig. Prin urmare,
nu sunt greqite formele I will leave;
*" riil read,ins1tn slhl oficial se respect[ alternanla celor sou[ auxiliare.

2.Utllizarca

Viitorul simplu se foloseqte penffu a teda o acfiune sau stare viitoare fa!6 de momentul
timp
vorbirii, situarea in timp'a acesteia fiind uneon precizata, alteori nu. Adverbele de
associate cu acest timp ierbal sunt: tomoruow (mdine), the day
after tomorrow (poimdine)'
next year (anul viitor)'
soon (curind), next wiek/ month (luna/ slptamina viitoare),
Exemplu: Miriam will come to see me next year'
He will tell You the news tomorrow'
MY mother will he Your teacher'

Exercise I

Put the verbs in brackets into tlre Simple Future:

1. We (to finish) the experiment at the end of the month'

2. My son (to be) very happy to meet you at the airport'
3. Father (to go) fishing on SundaY'
4. The weather (to be) cloudy and rainy tomorrow'
5. I and my friends (to spend) our winter holidays in Switzerland next year.
6" r (to goj to the market to buy some fresh vegetables next Friday.
7. The milkman (to come) later tomorrow'
8" James (to walk) the dog in the evening'
g. I'm sure she (to help) you if you ask her'
10. She (to wait) for them at the bus stop'

Exercise 2

Turn the sentences above into the interrogative'

Exercise 3

Form questions for the following answers:

Model: Yes, the hotel will be ftill'
Will the hotel he full?

1. Yes, you will have a very good seat'

2. Yes, ihere will be a lot of people at the theatre'
a
J. Yes, Margaret will visit her aunt tomorrow'
4" Yes, you will find him here.
5. Yes, the rain will stoP soon.

2e
 6. Of course I shall send them a postcard.
7. Yes, Helen will do the shopping tomorrow.
8. Yes. the Bartons will be there. too.
9. Yes, he will repair your car tomorrow.
10. Of course they will be huppy to see us.

Vocahulary
o Phrases
- anway
- that's all/ that will be all
- in the neighbourhood
- to earn
- to take off

Conversation

- (It's) great!
- I can't believe...
- As a matter offact,...
- Have a nice. holiday!/ Have a good time!

39
LESSON 10

SHOPPING WITH MOTHER

Last week I went shopping with my mother. I hate these things, but I had no choice.
She asked me to help her pick up some clothes for my little brother because school begins
soon. It was very boring because Mother was so undecided about what to buy. Fortunately,
the shop assistant hacl a lot of pa-tience. Here is what happened at the store:
" Good morning! Can I help you?" said the shop assistant with a big smile on her face.
" Yes, please. T would like to buy some clothes for my younger son" Mother said.
" How old is he?" asked the shop assistant.
" He is twelve, but he is taller than the kids of his age" Mother answered with pride.
" All right. What would you like to buy fitst?"
" I'd like to pick up some shirts and T - shirts first."
" Let's look for the right size. Do you think these will fit him?"
" What do you think of these shirts, Martin?" Mum asked me.
" I think they are the right size and the material is good, but the colours are too dark
for his age. A boy of twelve needs brighter colours. T think these two are better" I answered
like an expert.
" T suppose you are right. Now let's choose some nice T-shirts. What do you think of
these?" she asked me again.
o'How much are they" I asked the shop assistant.
" These are $15" she said.
" They are nice, but don't you think they are a little too expensive?" I asked Mother.
" It's true that these are more expensive than the others. Actually they are the most
expensive" said the shop assistant. "But I can show you other models that are of good quality
and they are cheaper as well. Here you are."
" Yes, I think these three are perfect. And they are nicer than the others, too." Mother
said. Now we shall choose a jacket and a pair of jeans. What can you suggest?" she asked the
shop assistant.
" Yes, we have many models ofjackets, just the size of your son. You can choose one
from here."
" I really like the red one. How much is it, Miss?'n Mother asked.
" That one is $60" the woman said.
" What do you think, Martin?" Mother asked me again.
" T think the colour is nice, but he needs a thicker jacket. Soon, the weather will be
colder. I think this one is more suitable, even if the other is less expensive" I said.
" All right. Let's buy the thicker one" Mother answered. Now, please pick up a pair of
jeans for your brother."
I chose a pair ofjeans and showed them to Mother.
" I think these will be too short for him. Don't forget he is the tallest kid in his class.
Will you look for a pair of longer ones?" she asked.
" Sure. These are a little longer. They will certainly fit him. Now, can we please
leave?" T asked in despair.
" Just a moment, honey... Miss, will you wrap these clothes for us and tell us how
much they are."
" Certainly, right away, Here you are. That will be $l-50. Have a nice da;z and thank
you for shopping in our store."

40
Grammar

e The Comparison of Adjectives (Comparalia adjectivelor)

Ca gi in limba rominl, adjectiwl in limba englezd are trei grade de comparafie:

a. gradul pozitiv;
b. gradul comparativ (d. superioritate, de egalitate, de
inferioritate);
c. gradul superlativ (relativ gi absolut)
L The Synthetical Comparison (Comparalia sinteticd)

Comparafia sintetictr vizeazd adjectivele scurte (de una sau doud silabe). Comparativul de
superioritate (The Comparative of Superiorit,v) se formeazi prin adiugarea terminafiei --er la
forma de pozitiv a adjectivului, iar .ruperlativul relativ(The Relative Superlative) prin
antepunerea articolului hot6rit the qi adlugarea terminafiei -est la forma de pozitiv a
adjectivului:

Pozitiv Comparativ de superioritate Superlativ relativ

tall - inalt taller mai inalt

- the tallest - cel mai inalt
short scurt shorter - rnai scurt the shortest - cel mai scurt

* Reguli ortografice
- adjectivele monosilabice terminate in consoani precedatl de o vocald scurti igi dubleazi
consoana finalE: big - bigger - the biggest
hot - hotter - the hoffest
- adjectivele monosilabice terminate in --e adaugd doar -r pentru comparativ de
superioritate gi -st pentru superlativ relativ: large - larger - the largest
rvide - u.ider - the r',,idest
- in canil adjectivelor terminate in -y precedat de consoani, terminafia se va modifica in -i
inaintea terminatiilor de la comparativ gi superlativ: dry - drier - the driest
happy - happier - the happiest

2. The Analytical Comparison (Compara[ia analitici)

Comparalia analiticd se aplici in cazul adjectivelor lungi (formate din cel pufin trei
silabe). Pentru aceast[ categorie de adjective, comparatiwl de superioritate se formeazd cu
more qi superlativul cu the most, ambele aqezate in fafa adjectivului la gradul pozitiv:

Pozitiv Comparativ de superioritate Superlativ relativ

interesting more interesting the most interesting

expensive more expensive the most expensive

4l
 The Comparative of Equality (Comparativul de egalitate) se formeazd (la toate
adjectivele, indiferent de numirul de sitabe) cu ajutorul construcliei as + adjectiv la gradul
pozitiv + as (la fel de ..... ca):
My house is as big as their house.
The film is a,s interesting as the book.
The Comparative of Inferiorit"v (Comparatiwl de inferioritate) se formeazd,la toate
adjectivele, cu construcfia not so/ as + adjectiv la gradul pozitiv * as (nu atit del la fel de
..... ca):
My house is not so large as their house.
The film is not so interesting as the book
*Observalie:
Adjectivele lungi pot forma comparatiwl de inferioritate gi cu construcfia less + adjectiv la
gradul pozitiv * than (mai pufin ..... decflt): The film is /ess interesting than the book.
The Absolute Superlative (Superlativul absolurl se formeazd,la toate adjectivele, cu
+
very adjectiv la gradul pozitiv (foarte ....): The girl is very pretty;The book is very
interesting.
The lrregular Comparis on (Comparalia neregulatd)
Exist6 anumite adjective care formeazl gradele de comparafie in mod neregulat, ele
avdnd forme distincte pentru fiecare grad de comparafie. Iatd cdteva dintre ele:

Pozitiv Comparativ de superioritate Superlativ relativ

good better the best

bad v!'orse the worst
many more the most
much
little less the least

Eercise 1

Give the comparatives and the relative superlatives of the following adjectives:

1. long
2. difficult
3. near
4. pretty
5. thin
6. ugly
7. pleasant
8. cold
9. easy
1 0. hard

42
Exercise 2

Choose the correct form of the adjectives given in brackets:

L John is 17 years old. He is 3 years than his brother. (old)

2. Who is person in your office? (old)
3. Jerry is student in his group. (tall)
4. My project was _ than Henry's. (good)
5. I think this book rs of all the books you have. (interesting)
6. Tn winter we wear clothes than in autumn. (thick)
7. She has manv dresses but the red one ts of all. (elegant)
8. His speech was than we expected. (long)
9. They are all good students but Jane is _. (good)
10. T'm sure the gold ring is than the silver one. (expensive)

Exercise 3

Rephrase the following sentences using the comparative of inferioritv or equality:

Model: Your composition is good, but her composition is better.

Your composition is not as good as her composition.
This book is interesting. The other book is interesting, too.
This book is as interesting as the other book.

1. The weather in this country is cold, but the weather in that country is colder.

2. Alice is tall, but her brother is taller.

3. They are happy. Their friends are happy, too.

4. This cake is sweet, but that one is sweeter.

5. His car is expensive, but his father's car is more expensive.

6. Our travel was long. Their travel was long, too'

7.My house is large, but Henry's house is larger.

43
8. The tea is delicious. The coffee is delicious, too

9. Cats are intelligent, but dogs are more intelligent.

10. This hill is high, but that mountain is higher.

Vocahulary

- to go shopping: I always go shopping on Friday.

- to fit This coat is just your size; it fits you very well.
- to pick up : to choose: There are a lot ofbooks here. Pick up/ choose the one you
need.

- Phrases
Would you like to....(ailati dori s[...?): Would you like to sit down?
I would like to .... (ag dori s6...): I would like to talk to you.
will you.,.. (vrei s6...,?) This bag is so heavy! willyou (please) help me carry it?

Conversation

Can I help you?

What do you think of....?
How much is itl are they?
Here you are!
Have a nice day!

44
 Test II (Lessons 7 - 10)

1. Fill in the blank:

Tn my childhood T ..........,......a very naughty boy,
a. were b. was
c. be d. Am

2. Fill in the blank:

The children ................"....so noisily that we couldn't sleep.
a. play b. did play
c. were playing d. are playing

3. Choose the correct form:

How old ."... when you finished school?
a. was you b. were you
c.you were d. you was

4. Choose the correct form:

I can't give you the book because I ........................ tomorrow
a. shall need b. am needing
c. needed d. was needing

5. Fill in the blank:

He was hit by a car while he . ... .. . .. ..the street.
a. crosses b. was crossing
b. cross d. crossed

6. Fill in the blank:

How . .....the truth?
a. did you find out b. you found out
c. you did finrl out d. you finded out

7. Fill in the blank:

I ............Iate if I don't take a taxi.
a. am b. shall be
c. was d. must be

8. Choose the correct form:

He is a hrilliant student. He is . ...... in his group.
a. the best b. better
c. gooder d. the goodest

9. Fill in the blank:

.here in time?
a. they will be b. they shall be
c. will they be d. shall they be

45
10. Fill in the blank:
I asked the nurse where the doctor
a. is b. was
c. are d. was beins

11. Choose the correct comparative form of the adjective angry:

a. angrier b. angryer
c. more angry d.angrer

12. Fill in the blank:

He bought .....furniture he could find:
a. the expensivest b. the most expensive
c. the expensiver el. more expensive

13. Fill in the blank:

She ...,..... here two months ago.
a. were b. was
c. was being d. is

14. Choose the correct form:

He ... .......anything when T saw him.
a. didn't do b. wasn't doing
c. weren't doing d. was doing

15. Choose the correct comparative forms of the adjective beautiful:

beautiful
a. rnore b. beautifuller
c.beautifuler d. beautifulest

16 Choose the correct superlative form of the adjective old:

a. older b. the rnost olC
c. the oldest d. more old

17. Fill in the blank:

\,Vhen ..abroad?
a. did you go b. you did go
c. you went d. did you went

18. Fill in the blank:

T.ast week we all .....fishing.
a.go b. went
c" gone d. did go

19. Fill in the blank:

..on you last night?
called
a. did John b. did John call
c. John called d. John Cid call

46
20. Fill in the blank:
I ...........myselfwhile was cutting the bread.
T
a. cut b. cutted
c. did cut d. did cuffed

21. Choose the correct comparative of the adjective cheap:

a. cheaper b. cheapper
c. eheaperer d. more eheap

22. Choose the correct superlative form of the adjective big:

a. bigger b. the bigest
c. the biggest d. the most big

23.Fill in the blank:

When T . . ".. .. . .....hack, nohody was there.
a. comed b. came
c. camed d. did come

24.F1ll in the blank:

Tf she doesn't hurry, she . . . ... .arrive in time.
a. won't b. didn't
c. shall not d. don't

25. Choose the correct form:

They . .....to finish their work yesterday, but they couldn't.
a. try b. tryed
c. tried d. didn't trv

47
 Minimal List of Irregular Verbs

Long Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Translation

to be was/ were been afi
to become became become a deveni
to beat beat lraatan a bate
to begin began begun a incepe
to bite bit bitten a mu$ca
to blorv hlcrrt blorvn a sufla
to break broke broken a spulrge
to bring brought brought a acluce
to buy bought bought a cumpf,ra
to catch caught caught a prinde
to choose chose chosen a alege
a veni
to cut cut cut atdia
to do did done q fqop

to drink drank drunk a bea

to drive rl.^r ro driven q nnnr{rrna
4 VVITUUVV
tn a4f ate eaten a mdnca
to fall fell fallen a cddea
to feel felt felt a (se) simfi
to find found found a gdsi
to forget forgot forgotten a uita
to forgive forgave forgiven a ierta
to get got got(ten) a obfine
to give gave given ada
to go went gone a merge
to grow grew grown a cregte
q qllFq
to have had had
to hear heard heard a auzi
to hiele hid hidden a (se) ascuncle
to hurt hurt hut a rlni
to keep kept kept a fine, a p6stra
to leave left left a pleca
to lenel lent lent a imprumuta
to lose lost lost a pierde
to make made made a face
to put put put a pune
to read caqA taoA a citi
to run ran run a tugi
to say said said a z.ice
to see saw seen a vedea
to sell sold sold a rrinr{a

to send sent sent a trimite

to shut shut shut a inchide
to sleep slept slept a dormi
to sing sang sung a cdnta

48
to sit sat sat a sta (agezat)
to spend spent spent a petrece (timpul)
a cheltui
to stand stood stood a sta
(in picioare)
to steal stole stolen a fura
to take took taken o lrrq
to teach taught taught a invdfa (pe
cineva)
to think thought thought a (se) g0ndi
a crede
to throw threw thrown a arunca
to understand understood understood a inlelege
to wear wore wom a purta
to win won won a cigtiga
to write wrote written a scrie

49
to sit sat sat a sta (aqezat)
fn sncnrl enefll q nafrc^a ttfimnrrl\

a cheltui

(in picioare)

to teach taught taught a invifa (pe

to think thought Tnnrr oht a (se),gdndi

to understand understood understood a infelege

q nrrffq

to win won won a cAgtiga

 BIBLIOGRAFIE

I. ECKCTSICY, C. 8., ESSENTTAL ENGLISH FOR FOREIGN STI]DENTS. ETIituTa

Vox, Bucuregti, 1998;
2. Fassman, Paula
suzanne Sezmour Tavares GALLERY, oxford lJniversity press, l99g;
3. Gdllfeanu, Georgiana, SINTEZEDEGRAMATICA ENGLEZL,EDp, Bucureqti,
1982:
4. Hulban, Horia coMpETENTA $I PERFORMANTA, Editura griin{ificn 9i
Enciclopedici, Bucuregti, I 983.

<n