A

PROJECT REPORT ON

HOSTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY :-

• Vinay Vijay More.

• Anwar Javed Shaikh.

THIRD YEAR COMPUTER Science

GUIDED BY

PROF.Kiran Kulkarni.

HOD.Shamakant Deshmukh.

SUBMITTED TO

Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce

For Academic Year
 2020-21

INDEX
CHAPTER TOPICS PAGE.NO
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Existing System
1.2 Need of System
1.3 Scope of System
1.4 Operating Environment – Hardware & Software
1.5 Detail Description of Tools & Technologies Used

2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
2.1 Proposed System
2.2 Objectives of System
2.3 User Requirement Analysis

3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Data Flow Diagram
3.2 Entity Relationship Diagram
3.3 Object Diagram
3.4 Class Diagram
3.5 Use Case Diagram
3.6 Sequence Diagram
3.7 Module Hierarchy Diagram
3.8 Component Diagram
3.9 Deployment Diagram
3.10 Module Specifications
3.11 Table Specifications
3.12 User Interface Design
3.12.1 Input Screens
3.12.2 Output Screens
3.12.3 Validation Screens with Error Message
3.13 Test Procedures and Implementations

4 USER MANUAL
4.1 User Manual
4.2 Operations Manual / Menu Explanation
4.3Program Specification / Flow Charts
4.4 Drawbacks and Limitations
4.5 Proposed Enhancements
4.6 Conclusion
4.7 Bibliography
 Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1/ 1.2 Existing System & Need of System

• The old manual system was suffering from a series of drawbacks.

• Since whole of the system was to be maintained with hands the process of keeping,
maintaining and retrieving the information was very tedious and lengthy.

• The records were never used to be in a systematic order.

• There used to be lots of difficulties in associating any new student and maintaining
particulars student data.

• The existing system does not have the facility to provide reports.

• If any information was to be found it was required to go through the different registers,
documents there would always be unnecessary consumption of time while entering
records and retrieving records.

• Once the records were entered it was very difficult to update these records.

• The existing system has does not use of the any technology.

• The reason behind it is that there is lot of information to maintained and have to be kept
in mind while running the hostel.

• For this reason we have provided featured present system is partially automated
(computerized).

• Actually existing system is quite laborious as one has to enter same information at every
different places.

• Old system does not provide the different types of reports such as generating receipts,
keeping track on students, payment details, rooms details etc.

• In the old system the admin could not view all the details of the hostel such as mess
details, rooms details, expenses details etc.

• This manual system gives us very less security for saving data and may be lost due to
mismanagement.

• In the old system, printed bills didn't work.

• In the old system it used to take a long time to find old information.

• Registering student details is very difficult work because the data can be entered wrong
and it is also a tiresome work.
• So an system is needed that can solve all above problems.

1.3 Scope of System

• The system “Hostel Management System” will be a web application that will be used for
maintain the records in an organized manner and to replace old paper work system.

• This system aims at automating the system of managing and reporting in organization by
automating almost all the activities.

• Updating and modifications will be easily achievable and all the calculations and
accounting work would be accurate.

• However for obvious reasons, Admin will be given more command than User.

• This is an online system that will provide ease to both admin and user.

• User can also edit its profile basic information and can view the record.

• Admin can manage all the activities.

• The Hostel Management System is designed to provide utility for the daily operations
and activities and this software application enable to keep the records of the daily
transactions in an electronically manner which saves a lot of energy, time and money.

• Web-application means that the system will be available for access 24/7 except when
there is a temporary server issue which is expected to be minimal.

• System can be accessible for administrative staff and user.

• Organization admin as well as the hostel staff will be able to use the system effectively.
1.4 Operating Environment – Hardware & Software
Client side-hardware:
• RAM: 2 GB or above

• CPU Speed: 2.4 GHZ

• Hard Disk: 50 GB or above

Server-Side Hardware:
• RAM: 2 GB or above

• CPU Speed: 2.6 GHz

• Hard Disk: 100 GB or above

Client-side Software:
• Any web browser (example Google Chrome)

Development Side Software:

*Front End Development Technology:

• HTML 5.0

• CSS 3.0

• BOOTSTRAP 4.0

*Backend End Development Technology:

• MySQL 4.8.2

• PHP 8.0.3
 1.5 Detail Description of Tools & Technologies Used

• HTML 5.0
• HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.

• HTML is used to create web pages and web applications.

• HTML is widely used language on the web.

• We can create a static website by HTML only.

• Technically, HTML is a Markup language rather than a programming language.

• HTML describes the structure of a web page.

• HTML consists of a series of elements.

• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content.

• HTML elements are represented by tags.

 • HTML tags label pieces of content such as “heading”, ”paragraph”, ”table”, and so
on.

• Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but the use them to render the content of the
page.

Introduction:

HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language, which is the most widely used language on
Web to develop web pages. HTML was created by Berners-Lee in late 1991 but "HTML 2.0"
was the first standard HTML specification which was published in 1995. HTML 4.01 was a
major version of HTML and it was published in late 1999. Though HTML 4.01 version is widely
used but currently we are having HTML-5 version which is an extension to HTML 4.01, and this
version was published in 2012.

Why to Learn HTML?

Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the structure of documents like
headings, paragraphs, lists, and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific information between
researchers.

Now, HTML is being widely used to format web pages with the help of different tags available
in HTML language.

HTML is a MUST for students and working professionals to become a great Software Engineer
especially when they are working in Web Development Domain.

I will list down some of the key advantages of learning HTML:

• Create Web site - You can create a website or customize an existing web template if you
know HTML well.

• Become a web designer - If you want to start a career as a professional web designer,
HTML and CSS designing is a must skill.

• Understand web - If you want to optimize your website, to boost its speed and
performance, it is good to know HTML to yield best results.
 • Learn other languages - Once you understand the basic of HTML then other related
technologies like JavaScript, php , or angular are become easier to understand.

• CSS 3.0

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet.

• CSS is used to design HTML tags.

• CSS is a widely used language on the web.

• HTML, CSS and JavaScript are used for web designing.

• It helps the web designers to apply style on HTML tags.

• CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in

other media.

• CSS saves a lot of work.

• It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.

• External style sheets are stored in CSS files.

CSS is used to control the style of a web document in a simple and easy way. CSS is the
acronym for "Cascading Style Sheet". This tutorial covers both the versions CSS1, CSS2 and
CSS3, and gives a complete understanding of CSS, starting from its basics to advanced concepts.

Why to Learn CSS?

Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language intended to
simplify the process of making web pages presentable. CSS is a MUST for students and working
professionals to become a great Software Engineer especially when they are working in Web
Development Domain.

I will list down some of the key advantages of learning CSS:

• Create Stunning Web site - CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page. Using
CSS, you can control the colour of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between
 paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what background images or colours are
used, layout designs, and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes as
well as a variety of other effects.

• Become a web designer - If you want to start a career as a professional web designer,
HTML and CSS designing is a must skill.

• Control web - CSS is easy to learn and understand but it provides powerful control over
the presentation of an HTML document. Most commonly, CSS is combined with the
markup languages HTML or XHTML.

• Learn other languages - Once you understand the basic of HTML and CSS then other
related technologies like JavaScript, php, or angular are become easier to understand.

Advantages of CSS

• CSS plays an important role, by using CSS you simply got to specify a repeated style for
element once & use it multiple times as because CSS will automatically apply the required
styles.
• The main advantage of CSS is that style is applied consistently across variety of sites. One
instruction can control several areas which is advantageous.
• Web designers needs to use few lines of programming for every page improving site speed.
• Cascading sheet not only simplifies website development, but also simplifies the
maintenance as a change of one line of code affects the whole web site and maintenance
time.
• It is less complex therefore the effort are significantly reduced.
• It helps to form spontaneous and consistent changes.
• CSS changes are device friendly. With people employing a batch of various range of smart
devices to access websites over the web, there’s a requirement for responsive web design.
• It has the power for re-positioning. It helps us to determine the changes within the position
of web elements who are there on the page.
• These bandwidth savings are substantial figures of insignificant tags that are indistinct from
a mess of pages.
• Easy for the user to customize the online page
• It reduces the file transfer size.

Applications of CSS
As mentioned before, CSS is one of the most widely used style language over the web. I'm
going to list few of them here:

• CSS saves time - You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in multiple HTML
pages. You can define a style for each HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages
as you want.

• Pages load faster - If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag attributes
every time. Just write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the occurrences of that tag.
So less code means faster download times.

• Easy maintenance - To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements
in all the web pages will be updated automatically.

• Superior styles to HTML - CSS has a much wider array of attributes than HTML, so
you can give a far better look to your HTML page in comparison to HTML attributes.

• Multiple Device Compatibility - Style sheets allow content to be optimized for more
than one type of device. By using the same HTML document, different versions of a
website can be presented for handheld devices such as PDAs and cell phones or for
printing.

• Global web standards - Now HTML attributes are being deprecated and it is being
recommended to use CSS. So it is a good idea to start using CSS in all the HTML pages
to make them compatible to future browsers.

• BOOTSTRAP 5.0

INTRODUCTION
Bootstrap is a free and open-source tool collection for creating responsive websites and web
applications. It is the most popular HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework for developing
responsive, mobile-first web sites. It solves many problems which we had once, one of which
is the cross-browser compatibility issue. Nowadays, the websites are perfect for all the
browsers (IE, Firefox and Chrome) and for all sizes of screens (Desktop, Tablets, Phablets, and
Phones). All thanks to Bootstrap developers -Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton of Twitter, though
it was later declared to be an open-source project.
 Why Bootstrap?

• Faster and Easier Web-Development.

• It creates Platform-independent web-pages.
• It creates Responsive Web-pages.
• It designed to be responsive to mobile devices too.
• It is Free! Available on www.getbootstrap.com

Why to Learn Bootstrap?

• Mobile first approach − Bootstrap 3, framework consists of Mobile first styles

throughout the entire library instead them of in separate files.

• Browser Support − It is supported by all popular browsers.

• Easy to get started − With just the knowledge of HTML and CSS anyone can get started
with Bootstrap. Also the Bootstrap official site has a good documentation.

• Responsive design − Bootstrap's responsive CSS adjusts to Desktops, Tablets and

Mobiles. More about the responsive design is in the chapter Bootstrap Responsive
Design.

• Provides a clean and uniform solution for building an interface for developers.

• It contains beautiful and functional built-in components which are easy to customize.

• It also provides web based customization.

• And best of all it is an open source.

Applications of Bootstrap:

• Scaffolding − Bootstrap provides a basic structure with Grid System, link styles, and
background. This is overed in detail in the section Bootstrap Basic Structure

• CSS − Bootstrap comes with the feature of global CSS setting, fundamental HTML
elements styled and enhanced with extensible classes, and an advanced grid system. This
is covered in detail in the section Bootstrap with CSS.
• Components − Bootstrap contains over a dozen reusable components built to provide
iconography, dropdowns, navigation, alerts, pop-overs, and much more. This is covered
in detail in the section Layout Components.

• JavaScript Plugins − Bootstrap contains over a dozen custom jQuery plugins. You can
easily include them all, or one by one. This is covered in details in the section Bootstrap
Plugins.

• Customize − You can customize Bootstrap's components, LESS variables, and jQuery
plugins to get your very own version.

• Javascript:

• JavaScript (js) is a light-weight object-oriented programming language which is used by

several websites for scripting the webpages.
• It is an interpreted, full-fledged programming language that enables dynamic interactivity
on websites when applied to an HTML document.
• It was introduced in the year 1995 for adding programs to the webpages in the Netscape
Navigator browser.
• Since then, it has been adopted by all other graphical web browsers.
• With JavaScript, users can build modern web applications to interact directly without
reloading the page every time.
• The traditional website uses js to provide several forms of interactivity and simplicity.
• Although, JavaScript has no connectivity with Java programming language.
• The name was suggested and provided in the times when Java was gaining popularity in
the market.
• In addition to web browsers, databases such as CouchDB and MongoDB uses JavaScript
as their scripting and query language.
Features of Javascript
• All popular web browsers support JavaScript as they provide built-in execution
environments.
 • JavaScript follows the syntax and structure of the C programming language. Thus,
it is a structured programming language.

• JavaScript is a weakly typed language, where certain types are implicitly cast
(depending on the operation).

• JavaScript is an object-oriented programming language that uses prototypes rather

than using classes for inheritance.

• It is a light-weighted and interpreted language.

• It is a case-sensitive language.

• JavaScript is supportable in several operating systems including, Windows,

macOS, etc.

• It provides good control to the users over the web browsers.

Applications of Javascript

• Client-side validation,

• Dynamic drop-down menus, Displaying date and time, Displaying pop-up windows and
dialog boxes (like an alert dialog box, confirm dialog box and prompt dialog box),
Displaying clocks etc.

• MYSQL 8.0

• MySQL is a database system used on the web.

• MySQL is a database system that runs on a server.

• MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications.

• MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use.

• MySQL compiles on a number of platforms.

• MySQL is free to download and use.

 • MySQl is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.

• MySQL is named after co-founder Monty Widenius daughter: MySQL

• The data in a MySQL database are stored in tables.

• A table is a collection of related data, and it consists of columns and rows.

INTRODUCTION

• MySQL is a database system used for developing web-based software applications.

• MySQL used for both small and large applications.
• MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS).
• MySQL is fast, reliable, and flexible and easy to use.
• MySQL supports standard SQL (Structured Query Language).
• MySQL is free to download and use.
• MySQL was developed by Michael Widenius and David Axmark in 1994.
• MySQL is presently developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.
• MySQL Written in C, C++.

Main Features in MySQL

• MySQL server design is multi-layered with independent modules.
• MySQL is fully multithreaded by using kernel threads. It can handle multiple CPUs if they are
available.
• MySQL provides transactional and non-transactional storage engines.
• MySQL has a high-speed thread-based memory allocation system.
• MySQL supports in-memory heap table.
• MySQL Handles large databases.
• MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.
• MySQL Works on many different platforms.

What is Database?
• A database is an organized collection of data, so that it can be easily accessed
and managed.
• You can organize data into tables, rows, columns, and index it to make it easier to
find relevant information.
 • Database handlers create a database in such a way that only one set of software
program provides access of data to all the users.
• The main purpose of the database is to operate a large amount of information by
storing, retrieving, and managing data.
• There are many dynamic websites on the World Wide Web nowadays which are
handled through databases. For example, a model that checks the availability of
rooms in a hotel. It is an example of a dynamic website that uses a database.
• There are many databases available like MySQL, Sybase, Oracle, MongoDB,
Informix, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, etc.
• Modern databases are managed by the database management system (DBMS).
• SQL or Structured Query Language is used to operate on the data stored in a
database. SQL depends on relational algebra and tuple relational calculus.
• A cylindrical structure is used to display the image of a database.

• Nowadays, we use relational database management systems (RDBMS) to store

and manage huge volume of data.
• This is called relational database because all the data is stored into different tables
and relations are established using primary keys or other keys known as Foreign
Keys.
• A Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS) is a software that –
• Enables you to implement a database with tables, columns and indexes.
• Guarantees the Referential Integrity between rows of various tables.
• Updates the indexes automatically.
• Interprets an SQL query and combines information from various tables.

MySQL Database
• MySQL is currently the most popular database management system software used for
managing the relational database.
• It is open-source database software, which is supported by Oracle Company.
• It is fast, scalable, and easy to use database management system in comparison with
Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle Database.
 • It is commonly used in conjunction with PHP scripts for creating powerful and dynamic
server-side or web-based enterprise applications.
• It is developed, marketed, and supported by MySQL AB, a Swedish company, and
written in C programming language and C++ programming language.
• The official pronunciation of MySQL is not the My Sequel; it is My Ess Que Ell.
However, you can pronounce it in your way.
• Many small and big companies use MySQL. MySQL supports many Operating Systems
like Windows, Linux, MacOS, etc. with C, C++, and Java languages.
MySQL is a Relational HYPERLINK "https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-rdbms"Data
HYPERLINK "https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-rdbms"base Management
System (RDBMS) software that provides many things, which are as follows:
• It allows us to implement database operations on tables, rows, columns, and indexes.

• It defines the database relationship in the form of tables (collection of rows and columns),
also known as relations.

• It provides the Referential Integrity between rows or columns of various tables.

• It allows us to updates the table indexes automatically.

• It uses many SQL queries and combines useful information from multiple tables for the
end-users.

• MySQL is released under an open-source license. So you have nothing to pay to use it.

• MySQL is a very powerful program in its own right. It handles a large subset of the
functionality of the most expensive and powerful database packages.

• MySQL uses a standard form of the well-known SQL data language.

• MySQL works on many operating systems and with many languages including PHP,
PERL, C, C++, JAVA, etc.

• MySQL works very quickly and works well even with large data sets.

• MySQL is very friendly to PHP, the most appreciated language for web development.

• MySQL supports large databases, up to 50 million rows or more in a table. The default
file size limit for a table is 4GB, but you can increase this (if your operating system can
handle it) to a theoretical limit of 8 million terabytes (TB).
 • PHP 8.0.5

PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that

can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development.
Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on
the server and generates the dynamic page).

PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the market in 1995. PHP
8.0.5 is the latest version of PHP. Some important points need to be noticed about PHP are
as followed:

• PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor.

• PHP is an interpreted language, i.e., there is no need for compilation.

• PHP is faster than other scripting languages, for example, ASP and JSP.

• PHP is a server-side scripting language, which is used to manage the dynamic content of
the website.

• PHP can be embedded into HTML.

• PHP is an object-oriented language.

• PHP is an open-source scripting language.

• PHP is simple and easy to learn language.

• PHP scripts are executed on the server.

• PHP is free to download and use.

• PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code.

• PHP codes is executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain
HTML.

• PHP files have extension.”.php”.

• PHP can generate dynamic page content.

• PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server.

• PHP can collect form data.

 • PHP can send receive cookies.

• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database.

• PHP can be used to control user access.

• PHP can encrypt data

Why Use PHP?

PHP is a server-side scripting language, which is used to design the dynamic web
applications with MySQL database.
• It handles dynamic content, database as well as session tracking for the website.

• You can create sessions in PHP.

• It can access cookies variable and also set cookies.

• It helps to encrypt the data and apply validation.

• PHP supports several protocols such as HTTP, POP3, SNMP, LDAP, IMAP, and many
more.

• Using PHP language, you can control the user to access some pages of your website.

• As PHP is easy to install and set up, this is the main reason why PHP is the best language
to learn.

• PHP can handle the forms, such as - collect the data from users using forms, save it into
the database, and return useful information to the user. For example - Registration form.
Performance:
PHP script is executed much faster than those scripts which are written in other languages such
as JSP and ASP. PHP uses its own memory, so the server workload and loading time is
automatically reduced, which results in faster processing speed and better performance.
Open Source:
PHP source code and software are freely available on the web. You can develop all the versions
of PHP according to your requirement without paying any cost. All its components are free to
download and use.
Familiarity with syntax:
PHP has easily understandable syntax. Programmers are comfortable coding with it.
Embedded:
PHP code can be easily embedded within HTML tags and script.
Platform Independent:
PHP is available for WINDOWS, MAC, LINUX & UNIX operating system. A PHP application
developed in one OS can be easily executed in other OS also.
Database Support:
PHP supports all the leading databases such as MySQL, SQLite, ODBC, etc.
Error Reporting -
PHP has predefined error reporting constants to generate an error notice or warning at runtime.
E.g., E_ERROR, E_WARNING, E_STRICT, E_PARSE.
Loosely Typed Language:
PHP allows us to use a variable without declaring its datatype. It will be taken automatically at
the time of execution based on the type of data it contains on its value.
Web servers Support:
PHP is compatible with almost all local servers used today like Apache, Netscape, Microsoft IIS,
etc.
Security:
PHP is a secure language to develop the website. It consists of multiple layers of security to
prevent threads and malicious attacks.

Control:
Different programming languages require long script or code, whereas PHP can do the same
work in a few lines of code. It has maximum control over the websites like you can make
changes easily whenever you want.
A Helpful PHP Community:
It has a large community of developers who regularly updates documentation, tutorials, online
help, and FAQs. Learning PHP from the communities is one of the significant benefits.
Characteristics of PHP:

Five important characteristics make PHP's practical nature possible –

• Simplicity

• Efficiency

• Security

• Flexibility

• Familiarity

Common uses of PHP:

 • PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read,
write, and close them.

• PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, through email you
can send data, return data to the user.

• You add, delete, modify elements within your database through PHP.

• Access cookies variables and set cookies.

• Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website.

• It can encrypt data.

PHP Features:

There are given many features of PHP.

• Performance: Script written in PHP executes much faster then those scripts written in
other languages such as JSP & ASP.

• Open Source Software: PHP source code is free available on the web, you can developed
all the version of PHP according to your requirement without paying any cost.
• Platform Independent: PHP are available for WINDOWS, MAC, LINUX & UNIX
operating system. A PHP application developed in one OS can be easily executed in other
OS also.

• Compatibility: PHP is compatible with almost all local servers used today like Apache,
IIS etc.

• Embedded: PHP code can be easily embedded within HTML tags and script.