Morphology of vertebrates

SUBMITTED BY: MARYAM RAZA

Uw-17-BIS -BS-048

BS V “B”

TRIP DATE: 16/12/2019

REPORT: ON VISIT TO MEUSEUM OF NATIONAL HISTORY

PAKISTAN

SUBMITTED TO: MA’AM HUMA AYUB

UNIVERSITY OF WAH
HISTORY OF MUSEUM:
Pakistan Museum of Natural History (PMNH), hooked up in 1976, is a public herbal history
museum situated in Islamabad, the federal capital of Pakistan. It has famous and galleries which
display and offer statistics about the ecology, geology and palaeontology of the country.

The museum also acts as a research center:

Exhibits and galleries

 Biological gallery: Displays and discusses wild vegetation and fauna, portrayed in their
respective habitats.
 Ecological gallery : An academic segment where ecological cycles, habitats
andenvironmental troubles are mentioned through visuals and audios.
 Gemstones gallery : Indicates a spread of gem stones in-the-raw in addition to reduce
and polished forms.
 Palaeontology gallery : Presentations fossils at the side of their studies. Anthropology is
likewise discussed thru art work and writings, inclusive of a skull of Australopithecus.
Wall artwork depict the pre-historic technology.
 Tethys gallery : Presents records approximately oceanology, petrology, pedology and
mineralogy of Pakistan. It presentations a three-dimensional diorama of seascapes as well
as a skeleton of a whale. Different components of the salt Range are also studied in
element.
  Virtual Orientation Gallery : it permits traffic to take virtual tours of all the above
galleries with out actually on foot around the entire museum. This new gallery become
introduced in 2016.

VISIT:
We go to museum on Monday in college buses .While we reach the meuseum we buy tickets and
then the geologist present there start elaborating us the history and the inspiration of the museum.
Then he tells us approximately the fauna which was present their. He tells that every one the
animals which have been gift there are amassed only from Pakistan and there is big series of the
animals present there . They degrees especially from the BEEDLES to large
BLAUCHITHERIUM . Then we begin traveling the museum.

Then we saw the following fauna and also sum fauna of Pakistan also noticed the opposite
famous of the museum:

GEMSTONE GALLERY:
In this gallery various precious and semi-precious stones have been displayed along with the
information about their natural deposits in different areas of Pakistan. The gems are displayed in
raw form/mother rocks as well as cut and polished forms.
ECO GALLERY:
Pakistan Museum of Natural History as an informal educational institution is using modern
technologies to make the learning process enjoyable. PMNH is doing so by making displays
relevant to the public intrest. This gallery is serving the purpose in an affective manner to
enhance the knowledge of visitors about the natural wealth of Pakistan.

Bio gallery:
The Bio Gallery provides information to the visitors about the flora and fauna of Pakistan. This
3-D Gallery has been divided into two sections. One provide information about aniall and other
provide different environmental problems they are facing.
TETHYS GALLERY
The "Tethys Gallery" provides information and visuals about

 Salt Range
 Ocean
 Minerals and Rocks
 Salt Range
The Salt Range is one of the best geological sites in the world for collection of rocks, fossils and
minerals for research..

 Ocean
This diorama provides information about the ocean geological distribution from coast,
continental shelf, continental slope and to the deep sea geysers

 Minerals and Rocks

This diorama has been created to highlight the significance of Minerals and Rocks of Pakistan,
which is comprised of three main sections; igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic
rocks. In these three sections the minerals and rocks collected from different region of Pakistan
are showcased according to their relevant geological environment. Information about the
chemical properties, composition, occurrence of major deposits, and their industrial uses has
been provided through bilingual write-ups. Pakistan has a variety of rock formations, minerals
deposits especially world’s third largest deposits of copper-gold and gemstones.
GHARIALS:

Gharials are one of the most critically threatened crocodilians. Their primary threats include
habitat loss due to human encroachment, unsustainable fishing practices and hunting. The specie
came to extinction .This species is native to the northern part of Indus River in Pakistan. It has
dark or light olive like dark cross-bands and speckling on the head, body and tail. Its extremely
long, thin jaws, are an adaptation to catch fish. Males reach up to 6m in size with an average
weight of around 160kg.

BEEDLES AND BUTTERFLIES:

Variety of beedles and butterflies were also seen there . They are of various colours and
patterns. Every colour looks owsome with great bariety of patterns have been seen there. A very
wonderfull arrangement and very sefly secure all beedled and butterfly place on exact same
places with their information place just at the bottom of each specie.

VIRTUAL ORIENTATION GALLERY:

The Virtual Orientation Gallery   (VOG)   is a creative achievement of PMNH in the field of
information technology and consists of informative software on the Natural History of Pakistan.
VOG runs on a network of computer systems located in the PMNH Display Centre using  touch
screen systems for an interactive learning experience. It is an important project of
Pakistan.Museum of Natural History, based on informal education regarding the natural history
of Pakistan. VOG aims at providing interactive electronic based information kiosk for students
and general public on the natural resources i.e. flora, fauna, minerals and fossils. VOG
complements the existing information and awareness related activities and features of PMNH
including dioramas in various galleries, film shows, posters, brochures, workshops, seminars
and lectures.

World of birds :
Birds are a group of endothermic, egg-laying vertebrates, characterized by feathers, toothless
beaked jaws, high metabolic rate, four-chambered heart, and strong skeleton with hollow
bones.They have worldwide distribution. The first fossil record of birds is “Archaeopteryx”
which wa evolved 150 million years. The smallest bird is hummingbird 5 cm in size, while the
largest one is ostrich of :

Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) is the national bird of Pakistan.

Mammalian trophy:
The Mammalian Trophy at PMNH is one of its kinds in the country and evolution of life in
geological time.

Evolution of life in geological time:

Following is the diagram of how the life originates? . how man survive in the ancient life ? here
is the description of the life starting first of all unicellular animals were present they evolved into
fishes than amphibian than into reptiles and in these lsrge animals DINOSAUR which means
DINO ”horrible ” and “sauras means “lizards “than they came to extinction than vegetation
grows and human came than era will be displayes there like PALEOZOIC ,MESOSOIC . n
Pakistan no dinosaur were present . Elephant were present in Pakistan . than the Darwin theory
were also elaborated there and as we are muslims we not follow darwin theory.

MENDIBLE OF ANIMALS:
Reptiles (snakes &tortoise):
Many species of the snakes were present there and also some species of turtle or tortoise were
also present :

Skeleton of elephant and giraffe:

Following are the skeleton of giraffe and giraf:
WHALE SHARK:
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is the largest known fish in the world. This is a slow-moving
filter feeding shark belonging to the class Chondricthyes (cartilaginous fishes). It is a rare species
and has been declared as "vulnerable" by IUCN, because its population is decreasing at an
alarming rate. It is called whale shark as it attains huge size and it’s feeding habit resembles to
whales. The displayed whale shark specimen is about 40 feet long and weighed approximately
16 tones at the time of capture and displayed in PMNH for educating the general public and
students.
Fish gallery :
Fishes of many types were also present there and skeleton of other fishes also present . These are

also of various types:

Blue whale :
A large fish skeleton were also present there The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a
marine mammal. At up to 29.9 meters (98 ft) in length and with a maximum recorded weight of
173 tonnes (190 short tons), it is the largest animal known to have ever existed.

Pakistan climate display:

Various display of the climatic conditions of various areas of the country and this will be
displayed as follows:

MUSHROM VARIETY:
FOREST VIEW:
Forest view also display there:
INDIVUAL CONNECTION WITH BIOSPHERE:
Relation of indivual with biosphere:

The greatest mammal (BLAUCHITHERIUM):

Baluchitherium is one of the largest land mammal (Rhino) lived about 30 millions ago. It is
called Baluchitherium (“Baluchi” for Balochistan: “therium” for Beast) literally means the “beast
of Balochistan” and was named so because it was first discovered from the Bugti Hills,
Balochistan. The average height of an adult Baluchitherium is estimated to be 18 feet at the
shoulder, and approximate weight is 20 tons.

FORM OF WOOD:
Variuse type of wood were present at there and a very unique type of wood were place.The
internal section clearly diected and easy to observe.
ECO GALLERY
Pakistan Museum of Natural History as an informal educational institution is using modern
technologies to make the learning process enjoyable. PMNH is doing so by making displays
relevant to the public intrest. This gallery is serving the purpose in an affective manner to
enhance the knowledge of visitors about the natural wealth of Pakistan.

BIO OILS AND ESSENTIAL OILS:

CAVE LIFE:
Ancient life and there modes of life has been display there:

ECNOMIC PLANT AND TIMBER WOOD:

BEAKS OF ANIMALS:

EVOLUTION OF CRANIUME:
Zebra display:

DIGITAL SYSTEM:
DAMAN-E-KOH: