Khilafat Movement

MIAN SHAHID MAHMOOD TEACHER O LEVEL PAKISTAN STUDIES (2059) BMI 03336610587
The Khilafat Movement

Timeline
1918 End of WWI

1919 Treaty of Versailles
First Khilafat Conference
Second Khilafat Conference
1920 Khilafat Leaders meet Viceroy
Treaty of Sevres announced
Non-cooperation policy begins
1920 British adopted policy of
oppression
Hijrat to Afghanistan
1921 Third Khilafat Conference
1922 Chauri-Chaura incident
Gandhi calls off non-cooperation
Sultan deposed by Kemal Attaturk
The Khalifa or Caliph

• The word Khalifa is derived from the Arabic root Khalifa which means to
follow or to come after
• Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) was first elected Khalifa
• Umayyad Dynasty of Damascus created word Khalifa means Ruler or
Monarch
• The Ottoman Turks mixed religious role along with political role of
Khalifa
Khilafat Movement
The movement which was started by Indian Muslims in India to save the system
of Khilafat and fate of Khalifa of Turkey is called Khilafat Movement. It was
started by Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar and Maulana Shaukat Ali (Ali
Brothers)
Reasons for the Formation of the Khilafat Movement
Reasons
The first world

Deep-seated
war and the Khalifa
Muslim Fears
Turkey
Deep-seated Muslim Fears

• Great Game, Britain and Soviet Union, Afghanistan and Persia
• British policy of deliberate Fear of Hindus in Muslim Minds
• Unwillingness of Indian Muslim soldiers in British army to fight against
Turks
• Fall of Muslim Empires by the British
The First World War and the Turkey
• Ottoman Empire fought on the side of Germany against the British but
defeated
• British promised to respect the rights of the Khalifa and the Turkish Empire
would be maintained
• The Treaty of Versailles to decide fate of Germany and Austria
Treaty of Versailles
• Armed Forces of Germany would be greatly reduced
• All colonies would be taken away
• Germany and allies would pay war indemnity
• Germany was divided into two states
• The British PM Lloyd George announced same treatment to the Turkish

Empire
• The Indian Muslims were outraged at this suggestion and began to organize
opposition to the British plan
Khalifa
• The Sultan of Turkey was considered Khalifa, the head of the worldwide
Islamic community
• He ruled over an Empire which included important religious centers such
as Mecca, Jerusalem and Medina
• Khilafat Movement to protect the Sultan
Establishment of the Khilafat Movement
The All India Khilafat

conference
Establishment The second conference
The policy of non-

cooperation
The All India Khilafat Conference

• A conference in Delhi to try to persuade the British to keep their promise
to maintain the Turkish Empire in Nov 1919
• Many prominent Muslim leaders, Maulana Muhammed Ali Jauhar,
Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
• Decided to send a delegation to Britain to inform their attachment with the
system of Khilafat
• Gandhi was also present in the conference and suggested policy on non-
cooperation
Role of Gandhi in the Conference

• Suggested policy on non-cooperation, boycott of
foreign goods
• Advocate of the policy of passive
resistance(Satyagraya)
• Urged the Muslims to join Congress in seeking
swaraj(self-rule)
The Second Conference

• Held in Amritsar in December 1919
• Congress, Muslim League and the Khilafat Conference decided to launch
joint efforts to save Khilafat
• It was decided that Gandhi would take lead in trying to persuade the British
not to punish Turkey
• Unsuccessful visit of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jahuar
The Policy of Non-Cooperation
• Second delegation to Britain in Feb 1920
• Treaty of Sevres in 1920 to decide fate of Turkish Empire
Treaty of Sevres
• The Ottoman Empire would be spilt up as its other allies
• Arabia was made independent
• Other possessions in the Middle East were placed under
the League of Nations and allocated to Britain and
France
• Turkish land was to be given to Greece
• The Muslims in India sent a message to the viceroy that the treat of Sevres
imposed the Muslims would start the non-cooperation movement on June
1920
• Gandhi began a tour of India to rally support for the Khilafat cause on 1
August 1920
The Policy of Non-Cooperation
• Surrendering of titles and resigning from seats in
local bodies
• Withdrawing children from government schools
• Boycotting British courts
• Refusing to volunteer to join the armed forces
• Boycotting foreign goods
• Refusing to stand for elections
The Development of the Khilafat Movement
The
Development
As a general To protect
anti-British and foster
protest Islam
As a general anti-British protest

• The Khilafat Movement turned into a general anti-British protest
movement
• British royal princes were greeted with demonstrations and strikes
• Prince of Wales visited Bombay in 1921, nationwide protests, 53 people
were killed in anti-British rioting
• British carried policy of repression, widespread arrests
• More than 30,000 political prisoners in Indian jails by the end of 1921
To protect and foster Islam
India declared as Dar-ul-Harb (Enemy Territory)
The Hijrat Movement to Afghanistan by Indian Muslims in August 1920
The Hijrat Movement
• 18,000 Muslims set off on a Hijrat Movement to
Afghanistan
• They sold their land and property and began the long trek
with their families
• The emigrants were told that the Afghan government
would welcome them
• The Afghan government refused the entry and forcibly sent
back emigrants to India
• On return there was no jobs for them and the properties
were in the hands of others
• This was very damaging to the movement because many
supporters lost their enthusiasm to carry on
The Khilafat Movement in Difficulty

• Third Khilafat Conference on 8 July 1921
• The khilafat leaders were arrested due to anti-government policies
• Political disturbances all over India due to the Movement
• Moplah uprising in South India
Moplah uprising
• Moplah uprising in South India against the British
and Hindu landlords in August 1921
• 10,000 Moplahs set the police station on fire and took
arms and ammunition at Tirur
• The British had to send troops in to end the uprising
• 4000 Moplahs were killed
Chauri-Chaura Incident
• Chauri-Chaura a village in Gorakhpur district

• A large group of protestors, participating in the non-
cooperation movement clashed with police
• Police opened live fires on the protestors
• Twenty-one policemen were killed after they fired on
a political procession on 5 Feb 1922
• Gandhi called off non-cooperation movement after
the incident
The End of the Khilafat Movement

• The decision to call off the non-cooperation movement weakened the
Hindu-Muslim unity
• New Turkish Government deprived the Sultan of political power
• Kemal Attaturk abolished the Khilafat and exiled the Khalifa, Muhammad
VI
• Consequently, the Khilafat Movement in India also came to an end
Reasons for the Failure of the Khilafat Movement

1. Call off Non-Cooperation Movement
2. The Muslims were more concerned with the fate of Khalifa
3. Lack of coordination between the Indians and the Turkish people
4. Hindu-Muslim Disunity
5. Arrest of Muslim leadership
6. Failure of the Hijrat Movement
7. Violent activities, Chauri-Chaura incident and Moplah uprising
8. Anti-British feelings
The Impact of the Khilafat Movement

1. Political confidence in Indian Muslims
2. Hindu-Muslim unity
3. Exposure of international politics
4. Bases for Pakistan Movement
5. Economic backwardness in Indian Muslims due to Hijrat Movement
6. Communal rioting
7. Unfriendly relations between the Indian and the British
Expected Questions
Q Explain the reasons for the establishment of the Khilafat Movement. [7]
Q Why was the Khilafat Movement founded? [7]
Q Was the withdrawal of Gandhi's support from the Khilafat Movement the most important
reason for its failure? Explain your answer. [14]
Q Why did the Khilafat Movement fail? [7]
Q Was the Chaura Chauri incident of 1922 the most important reason for the failure of the
KhilafatMovement? Give reasons for your answer. [14]
Q Was the Khilafat Movement founded because the Muslims feared the breakup of Turkey
after the First World War? Explain your answer. [14]
Q Explain why the Khilafat Movement had failed by 1924. [7]
Q Was the abolition of the institution of the caliphate in 1924 the main reason for the failure
of theKhilafat Movement? Give reasons for your answer. [14]
Q `The Khilafat Movement failed by 1924 because of poor leadership.' Do you agree? Give
reasons for your answer. [14]
Q Explain the reasons for the failure of the Khilafat Movement. [7]
Q Why was the Khilafat Movement founded? [7]
Q Was the migration to Afghanistan the most important reason why the Khilafat Movement
failed? Explain your answer. [14]
Describe the Hijrat. [4]

Khilafat Movement

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MIAN SHAHID MAHMOOD TEACHER O LEVEL PAKISTAN STUDIES (2059) BMI 03336610587

The Khilafat Movement

1918 End of WWI

The Khalifa or Caliph

Reasons for the Formation of the Khilafat Movement

The first world

Deep-seated Muslim Fears

• The British PM Lloyd George announced same treatment to the Turkish

The All India Khilafat

Establishment The second conference

The policy of non-

The All India Khilafat Conference

Role of Gandhi in the Conference

The Second Conference

The Development of the Khilafat Movement

As a general anti-British protest

The Khilafat Movement in Difficulty

• Chauri-Chaura a village in Gorakhpur district

The End of the Khilafat Movement

Reasons for the Failure of the Khilafat Movement

The Impact of the Khilafat Movement

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