Enthalpy change SL practice [31 

marks]
1. [1 mark]
Questions 13 and 14 are about an experiment to measure the enthalpy of combustion, ΔHc,
of ethanol, using the apparatus and setup shown.

What is the enthalpy of combustion, ΔHc, of ethanol in kJ mol−1?

Maximum temperature of water: 30.0°C
Initial temperature of water: 20.0°C
Mass of water in beaker: 100.0 g
Loss in mass of ethanol: 0.230 g
Mr (ethanol): 46.08
Specific heat capacity of water: 4.18 J g−1 K−1
q = mcΔT
 
 −100.0× 4.18 × (10.0 × 273 )
A.   0.230
×1000
46.08
−0.0230 ×4.18 × 10.0
B.   100.0
×1000
46.08
−100.0× 4.18 ×10.0
C.   0.230
×1000
46.08
−100.0× 4.18 ×10.0
D.   0.230
46.08
2. [1 mark]
Which quantity is likely to be the most inaccurate due to the sources of error in this
experiment?
A.  Mass of ethanol burnt

B.  Molecular mass of ethanol

C.  Mass of water

D.  Temperature change

3. [1 mark]
What is the enthalpy change of the reaction?
C6H14 (l) → C2H4 (g) + C4H10 (g)
A.  + 1411 + 2878 + 4163

B.  + 1411 − 2878 − 4163

C.  + 1411 + 2878 − 4163

D.  − 1411 − 2878 + 4163

Product – Reactant, since all exothermic so can be reverted
4. [1 mark]
Which equation represents the N–H bond enthalpy in NH3?
A.  NH3 (g) → N (g) + 3H (g)
1 1
B.   NH3 (g) → N (g) + H (g)
3 3

1 3
C.  NH3 (g) → N2 (g) + H2 (g)
2 2

D.  NH3 (g) → •NH2 (g) + •H (g)

5. [1 mark]
When equal masses of X and Y absorb the same amount of energy, their temperatures rise
by 5 °C and 10 °C respectively. Which is correct?
A. The specific heat capacity of X is twice that of Y.
B. The specific heat capacity of X is half that of Y.
C. The specific heat capacity of X is one fifth that of Y.
D. The specific heat capacity of X is the same as Y.
6. [1 mark]
What is the enthalpy change of reaction for the following equation?

A. x + y + z
B. −x − y + z
C. x − y − z
D. x − y + z
 
7. [1 mark]
Which is correct for the reaction?
2Al (s) + 6HCl (aq) → 2AlCl3 (aq) + 3H2 (g)         ΔH = −1049 kJ
A. Reactants are less stable than products and the reaction is endothermic.
B. Reactants are more stable than products and the reaction is endothermic.
C. Reactants are more stable than products and the reaction is exothermic.
D. Reactants are less stable than products and the reaction is exothermic.
8. [1 mark]
Consider the following equations.
3
2Al (s) + O2 (g) → Al2O3 (s)    ΔHƟ = −1670 kJ
2
Mn (s) + O2 (g) → MnO2 (s)    ΔHƟ = −520 kJ
What is the standard enthalpy change, in kJ, of the reaction below?
4Al (s) + 3MnO2 (s) → 2Al2O3 (s) + 3Mn (s)
A. −1670 + 520
3
B. (−1670) + 3(520)
2
C. 2(−1670) + 3(−520)
D. 2(−1670) + 3(520)
9. [1 mark]
Methane undergoes incomplete combustion.
2CH4 (g) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO (g) + 4H2O (g)
What is the enthalpy change, in kJ, using the bond enthalpy data given below?

 
A. [2(1077) + 4(463)] − [2(414) + 3(498)]
B. [2(414) + 3(498)] − [2(1077) + 4(463)]
C. [8(414) + 3(498)] − [2(1077) + 8(463)]
D. [2(1077) + 8(463)] − [8(414) + 3(498)]
10. [1 mark]
When equal masses of X and Y absorb the same amount of energy, their temperatures rise
by 5 °C and 10 °C respectively. Which is correct?
A. The specific heat capacity of X is twice that of Y.
B. The specific heat capacity of X is half that of Y.
C. The specific heat capacity of X is one fifth that of Y.
D. The specific heat capacity of X is the same as Y.
11. [1 mark]
What is the enthalpy change of reaction for the following equation?
C2H4 (g) + H2 (g) → C2H6 (g)
C2H4 (g) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)        ΔH = x
7
C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l)    ΔH = y
2
 1
H2 (g) + O2 (g) → H2O (l)                           ΔH = z
2
 
A. x + y + z
B. −x − y + z
C. x − y − z
D. x − y + z
12. [1 mark]
Methane undergoes incomplete combustion.
2CH4 (g) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO (g) + 4H2O (g)
What is the enthalpy change, in kJ, using the bond enthalpy data given below?

A. [2(1077) + 4(463)] − [2(414) + 3(498)]

B. [2(414) + 3(498)] − [2(1077) + 4(463)]
C. [8(414) + 3(498)] − [2(1077) + 8(463)]
D. [2(1077) + 8(463)] − [8(414) + 3(498)]
13a. [1 mark]
Powdered zinc was reacted with 25.00 cm3 of 1.000 mol dm−3 copper(II) sulfate solution in
an insulated beaker. Temperature was plotted against time.
Estimate the time at which the powdered zinc was placed in the beaker.
100s

13b. [1 mark]
State what point Y on the graph represents.
The reaction ended

13c. [2 marks]
The maximum temperature used to calculate the enthalpy of reaction was chosen at a point
on the extrapolated (dotted) line.
State the maximum temperature which should be used and outline one assumption made
in choosing this temperature on the extrapolated line.
 
Maximum temperature:
Assumption:

13d. [1 mark]
To determine the enthalpy of reaction the experiment was carried out five times. The same
volume and concentration of copper(II) sulfate was used but the mass of zinc was different
each time. Suggest, with a reason, if zinc or copper(II) sulfate should be in excess for each
trial. Copper II sulfate should be in excess to make sure zinc is completely reacted

13e. [2 marks]
The formula q = mcΔT was used to calculate the energy released. The values used in the
calculation were m = 25.00 g, c = 4.18 J g−1 K−1.
State an assumption made when using these values for m and c.
M: the energy is completely transferred Density of solution is same as water, mass of zinc is
negligible,
C: there is nothing other heated
13f. [1 mark]
Predict, giving a reason, how the final enthalpy of reaction calculated from this experiment
would compare with the theoretical value.
Theorectical value will be higher less exothermic since energy will be loss during the
reaction to the atmospehre

14a. [2 marks]
A student carried out an experiment to determine the concentration of a hydrochloric acid
solution and the enthalpy change of the reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide and
this acid by thermometric titration.
She added 5.0 c m3 portions of hydrochloric acid to 25.0 c m3 of 1.00 mol d m−3 sodium
hydroxide solution in a glass beaker until the total volume of acid added was 50.0 c m3 ,
measuring the temperature of the mixture each time. Her results are plotted in the graph
below.
The initial temperature of both solutions was the same.
By drawing appropriate lines, determine the volume of hydrochloric acid required to
completely neutralize the 25.0 c m3 of sodium hydroxide solution.

14b. [2 marks]
Determine the concentration of the hydrochloric acid, including units.
14c. [1 mark]
Determine the change in temperature, ΔT .

14d. [3 marks]
Calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ mol −1, for the reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide solution.

14e. [1 mark]
The accepted theoretical value from the literature of this enthalpy change is −58 kJ mol−1.
Calculate the percentage error correct to two significant figures.
14f. [2 marks]
Suggest the major source of error in the experimental procedure and an improvement that
could be made to reduce it.

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