PROJECT REPORT

PROJECT NAME :- REACTION TURBINE

This project work is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement

for the award of diploma in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION MUMBAI

SUBMITTED BY

Under the guidance of

Prof . A. Dawand

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, MURTIZAPUR,

DIST: AKOLA
 INTRODUCTION

A reaction turbine is a type of Turbine that develops

torque by reacting to the pressure or weight of a fluid. The operation
of reaction turbines is described by Newton's third law of motion
(action and reaction are equal and opposite).In a reaction turbine,
unlike in an Impulse turbine, the nozzles that discharge the working
fluid are attached to the rotor. The acceleration of the fluid leaving
the nozzles produces a reaction force on the pipes, causing the rotor
to move in the opposite direction to that of the fluid. The pressure of
the fluid changes as it passes through the rotor blades. In most cases,
a pressure casement is needed to contain the working fluid as it acts
on the turbine; in the case of water turbines , the casing also
maintains the suction imparted by the draft tube. Alternatively, where
a casing is absent, the turbine must be fully immersed in the fluid
flow as in the case of wind turbines . Francis turbines  and
most steam turbines
 MAIN TYPES OF REACTION TURBINE

 PROPELLER

A propeller turbine generally has a runner with three to six blades in

which the water contacts all of the blades constantly. Picture a boat
propeller running in a pipe. Through the pipe, the pressure is
constant; if it isn't, the runner would be out of balance. The pitch of
the blades may be fixed or adjustable. The major components besides
the runner are a scroll case, wicket gates, and a draft tube. There are
several different types of propeller turbines.
  BULB TURBINE

The turbine and generator are a sealed unit placed directly in the
water stream.
  Kaplan
 
 
Both the blades and the wicket gates are adjustable, allowing for a
wider range of operation.
  FRANCIS

A Francis turbine has a runner with fixed buckets (vanes), usually

nine or more. Water is introduced just above the runner and all
around it and then falls through, causing it to spin. Besides the
runner, the other major components are the scroll case, wicket gates,
and draft tube.
  Kinetic Turbines

Kinetic energy turbines, also called free-flow turbines, generate

electricity from the kinetic energy present in flowing water rather
than the potential energy from the head. The systems may operate in
rivers, man-made channels, tidal waters, or ocean currents. Kinetic
systems utilize the water stream's natural pathway. They do not
require the diversion of water through man-made channels, riverbeds,
or pipes, although they might have applications in such conduits.
Kinetic systems do not require large civil works; however, they can
use existing structures such as bridges, tailraces and channels.
 APPLICATION OF TURBINES

 Chemical Industry: Providing heat and electricity to drive different

processes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, steam turbines are
integrated in the process of producing power.

 Waste Plants: Steam turbines help generate the power needed to harness
energy from wastes.

 Oil & Gas: Used as a pump drive or a compressor, steam turbines

support dozens of operations in the oil and gas industry

 Sugar Mills: Offering high levels of efficiency and sustainable

operations, steam turbines are used to produce green carbon-dioxide energy
from bagasse
 CONCLUSION

Conclusion The steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential

energy of steam is transformed into kinetic energy, and then transferred into
mechanical energy by the turbine shaft. so it is concluded that the steam
turbine is very useful for mechanical work.
 REFRENCE

Www.google.com
Www.quora.com
Www.wikipidia.com
 INDEX

 Introduction

 Main types of turbine

 Application of turbine

 Conclusion

 Reference