SRI SATHYA SAI VIDYA VIHAR,

INDORE
2021-2022

A CHEMISTRY PROJECT RESEARCH ON

Determination of Content of Cold Drinks

Submitted to:    Submitted by: 

Shilpa Bhatia Ma’am Soumy Kumawat

Certificate
 This is to certify that the project entitled

“Determination of Content Of Cold Drinks”

Submitted by ‘Soumy Kumawat’ of class- XI– ‘A ’

Class Roll No: 30 appearing for the All

India Senior Secondary Certificate Examination in the year

2020-21, is successfully completed. It may be accepted as

a partial fulfillment of the practical course.

Date of submission: 05-01-2021

Internal Examiner Principal

Ms. Punita Nehru

School Seal

Acknowledgement
The success and final outcome of this project required a
lot of guidance and assistance from many people and I
am extremely privileged to have got this all along the
completion of my project. All that I have done is only
due to such supervision and assistance and I would not
forget to thank them.

I respect and thank Ms. Shilpa Bhatia ma’am, as well as

our principal ma’am Ms. Punita Nehru ma’am who gave
me for providing me an opportunity to do the project
and giving us all support and guidance which made me
complete the project duly.

Which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and I

came to know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and

friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time frame.
Contents
Introduction
Theory
Aim
Apparatus
Chemicals Required
Detection of pH
Test for Carbon Dioxide
Test for Glucose
Test for Phosphate
Test for Sucrose
Result
Precautions
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction*
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization in India marked its beginning with the
launching of Limca and Gold spot by parley group of
companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly
profitable and luring, many multinational companies
launched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke. Now
days, it is observed in general that majority of people
viewed Sprite, Fanta and Limca to give feeling of lightness,
while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate pulse and brain.

*Theory*

Cold drinks of different brands are composed of

carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions
etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth,
lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked
by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for
the formation of froth on shaking the bottle. The
carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form
carbonic acid which is also responsible for the
tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally
occurring organic compounds and are major
source of energy to our body.
General formula of carbohydrates is CX
(H2O)Y. On the basis of their molecule size
carbohydrates are classified as: -
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and
Polysaccharides.
Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula
C6H12O6.

It occurs in Free State in the ripen grapes in

bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about
0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful
disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in
flowers of many plants. The main source of
sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20
% sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17
% sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is
C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of
glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature
whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a
bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be
measured by finding their pH value. The pH
values also depend upon the acidic contents such
as citric acid and phosphoric acid
.
*Aim*

Comparative and Quantitive analysis of contents of

following cold drinks:-
1. Coca Cola
2. Limca
3. Sprite
4. Fanta
5. Mountain dew

*Apparatus*

 Test Tubes
 Test Tube Holder
 Test Tube Stand
 Stop Watch
 Beaker
 Bunsen Burner
 pH Paper
 Tripod Stand
 China Dish
 Wire Gauge
 Water Bath

*Chemicals Required*
 Iodine Solution
 Potassium Iodide
 Sodium Hydroxide
 Lime Water
 Fehling’s A & B Solution
 Concentrated Nitric Acid
 Benedict Solution
 Ammonium Molybdate
*Detection Of pH*

Experiment Small samples of cold drinks of different

brands were taken in a test tube and put on the pH paper.
The change in color of pH paper was noticed and was
compared with standard pH scale.
Sr no. Name of Cold Drink Color Observed pH value
1 Coca Cola
2 Limca
3 Sprite
4 Fanta
Mountain Dew

Inference
Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
pH values of cold drinks of different brand are different due
to the variation in amount of acidic content.
*Test For Carbon Dioxide*

Experiment

As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples

were passed through lime water. The lime water turned
milky.

Sr. No Name of cold Time taken Conclusion

drink (in seconds)
1 Coca Cola
2 Limca
3 Sprite
4 Fanta
5 Mountain
Dew

Inference

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in

water. The carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form
carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.
Chemical Reaction Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) +
H2O(l)
*Test For Glucose*

Experiment

Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected

by the following test:-

1. Benedict’s Reagent Test

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were
taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent
were added. The test tube was heated for few seconds.
Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of
glucose in cold drinks.
Sr. no Name of Cold Observation Conclusion
Drink
1 Coca cola
2 Limca
3 Sprite
4 Fanta
5 Mountain Dew

Inference

All the samples gave positive test for glucose with

Benedict’s reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.

2. Fehling’s Solution Test

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were

taken in a test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution
and Fehling’s B solution was added in equal amount. The
test tube was heated in water bath for 10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of
glucose in cold drinks.
[Same as Benedict’s observation]
Inference

All samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s

(A & B) solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain
glucose.
*Test For Phosphate*
Experiment

Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in

separate test tubes and Ammonium Molybdate followed by
concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added to it.
The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow
precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in
cold drinks.
Sr. no Name of observation Conclusion
Cold drink
1 Coca cola
2 Limca
3 Sprite
4 Fanta
5 Mountain
dew

Inference

All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate
ions. Hence all the cold drinks contain phosphate.
*Test for Sucrose*

Experiment

5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in

separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until
changes occur. Black colored residue left confirmed the
presence of sucrose in cold drinks.

Sr.no Name of observation Conclusion

cold drink
1 Coca cola
2 Limca
3 Fanta
4 Sprite
5 Mountain
dew

Inference

All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount

of sucrose varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contains
highest amount of sucrose.
*Result*

After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the

different brands of cold drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
5. Mountain Dew
All contains glucose, sucrose, phosphate and carbon
dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature.
On comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola
is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four
brands taken.
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has
the maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and
Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon
dioxide.
*Precautions*

Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are

–
 Concentrated solutions should be handled with
immense care.
 Hands should be washed thoroughly after
performing each experiment.
 If possible, one should wear hand gloves to
prevent from any possible damage.
 If chemicals come into contact with your skin or
eyes, flush immediately with copious amounts of
water.
 Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off
whenever you leave your workstation.
 Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are
heating at yourself or your neighbor.
*Conclusion*

DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution.

As they contain sugar in large amount which cause
problems in diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with
the body’s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they
are also harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of
2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial
truck must use the hazardous matter place cards reserved
for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are
very harmful to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to
remove grease from clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.

*Bibliography*

Following books and websites were a source for my

project.

www. Google.com
www.Wikipedia.com
www. Icbse.com
www. Unoregon.edu
Coca Cola
The Coca-Cola formula is The Coca-Cola Company's secret recipe
for Coca-Cola syrup that bottlers combine with carbonated water to
create its line of cola soft drinks. As a publicity, marketing,
and intellectual property protection strategy started by Robert W.
Woodruff, the company presents the formula as a closely held trade
secret known only to a few employees.
The primary ingredients of Coca-Cola syrup include either high
fructose corn syrup or sucrose derived from cane sugar, caramel
color, caffeine, phosphoric acid, extract, lime extract, vanilla,
and glycerin.[citation needed] High fructose corn syrup or sucrose are
overwhelmingly the major added ingredients: one 600 ml bottle
(≈20.29 U.S. fl. oz.) of Coca Cola contains the approximate
equivalent of 15 teaspoons of sugar. However, contrary to what is
implied by the "cola" name, Coca-Cola syrup does not contain
any kola nut extract.
Sprite
Sprite is a colorless, lemon-lime flavored, caffeine-free soft drink,
created by the Coca-Cola Company. It was developed in West
Germany in 1959 as Fanta Klare Zitrone ("Clear Lemon Fanta") and
introduced in the United States as Sprite in 1961. This was Coke's
response to the popularity of 7 up. It comes in a primarily silver,
green, and blue can or a green transparent bottle with a primarily
green and blue label.

Fanta
Fanta is a global brand of fruit-flavored carbonated soft
drinks created by The Coca-Cola Company. There are over 100
flavors worldwide. The drink originated in Germany in 1941.[1] In India,
Fanta entered the market as a substitute for the then-popular Indian
soft drink Gold Spot. When Coca-Cola re-entered the Indian market
in 1993, it bought Gold Spot from Parle and withdrew it from the
market in order to make space for Fanta.
Limca
Limca is a lemon and lime flavored carbonated soft drink made
primarily in India and certain parts of the U.S. Prior to 1988 the
original formula of Limca contained brominated vegetable oil (BVO).
After worldwide reports of ill effects of BVO - the use of BVO in soft
drinks was banned in India. As a result of this ban - the formula for
Limca was changed and BVO was removed from the concentrate for
Limca. Limca also publishes the Limca Book of Records, a record
book similar to the Guinness Book of Records, started originally by
Mr. Ramesh Chauhan. The Limca Book of Records details feats,
records and other unique statistics from an Indian perspective.
Mountain dew
Mountain Dew (stylized as Mtn Dew in the United States) is a
carbonated soft drink brand produced and owned by PepsiCo. The
original formula was invented in 1940 by Tennessee beverage
bottlers Barney and Ally Hartman and was first marketed in Marion, 
Between the 1940s and 1980s, there was just one variety of
Mountain Dew, which was citrus-flavored and caffeinated. Diet
Mountain Dew was introduced in 1988, [3] followed by Mountain Dew
Red, which was introduced and subsequently discontinued in 1988.
[4]
 In 2001, a cherry flavor called Code Red debuted.