Professional Documents
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VIDYASHRAM
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Model United Nations 2013
Delegates,
It’s that time of year again! Join us as we embark on the fifth edition of CVMUN summit. This year,
CVMUN hopes to outdo its previous conferences with the addition of new houses of the UN, expansion
in terms of scale of the conference, and addressing issues such as tackling racism and management of
nuclear wastes that need to be tackled as efficiently as possible.
Why MUN?
We, the organizing committee of the MUN, find it befitting that we let students debate on issues that
concern our world today, for the simple reason because, we, the youth of today, are the leaders of
tomorrow. And what better way to prepare ourselves than discuss the issues at hand and come up with
viable and effective solutions to tackle these, and forthcoming obstacles? Through a MUN, students are
required to research, discuss, and debate extensively on the agendas at hand, thus creating a sense of
awareness among our future leaders.
We sincerely hope that CVMUN 2013 proves to be an enriching experience to all its participants.
GOOD LUCK!!
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Table of Contents
Committees /councils and Agendas…………………………………………………………………………………….4
Country Profile…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6
Content
Dates for submission
Presentation
Position Paper……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8
Format
Dates for Submission
Sample FPS
Resolutions………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11
Format
Sample resolution
Conduct of business…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..18
Motions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..20
Code of conduct…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
Contact Details………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….23
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Committees /councils and Agendas
Environment Committee(UNEP)
1) Addressing the urgent need to diversify and enhance the availability of clean energy with core
attention on increasing the efficiency of Government machinery.
2) Addressing the need for efficient and effective post disaster/damage cleanup technologies and
steps toward reviving deteriorated environments( disaster preparedness, oil spill cleanup,
certification of such technologies and maintaining gene banks/ artificial backup populations of
endangered species)
Security Council(SEC)
1)The issue regarding post-conflict stabilization and reconstruction with inclusion of DDR (Disarmament,
Demobilization and Reintegration) and SSR (Security sector reform)
2) The question regarding the secession movement in the world leading to the demands of new countries
with special emphasis on ethnic conflicts
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World Health Organisation(WHO)
1) Concerns over the escalating arsenic content in food, water and other articles of consumption and
its implications.
Country Profile
History
Geography
Standard of Living
Annual income
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Literacy rate of total population (include year and definition)
Birth Rate (include year)
Death Rate
Sex Ratio (include year)
Infant mortality rate (include year)
Unemployment rate (include year)
Major ethnic or cultural issues
Current refugee/IDP concerns
Politics
Political allies/blocs
Conflicts: past and present
Do citizens freely participate in the political process (vote, hold office?Etc)? At what age?
Is there freedom of speech and of the press in this country?
Does this nation regularly hold national elections?
What are the active political parties, and is more than one party tolerated?
Economy
Military
Military expenditures (% Gross National Product (GNP) spent on defense; include year)
Major weapons, arsenal, nuclear capability, etc.
Is this nation threatened by neighboring nations? Do these border nations have nuclear weapons?
UN Relations
Date admitted to UN
UN dues payment status
Has this nation signed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
Has the UN ever had to intervene in any conflict involving this nation? If so, what conflict(s)?
To be submitted when?
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Each delegation must hand over their Country Profile on day one of the Conference i.e., the 20 th
of July, 2013.
Presentation
Delegates are requested to be as creative as possible with their country profiles
withoutdetracting attention from the content. So, bring out your inner Van Gogh, just refrain
from the Mickey Mouse stickers!
Position Paper
A position paper is essentially a summary of a country’s position on a topic, written by a delegate before
a Model UN conference. Before attending the conference, it is necessary to have a clear understanding
about the workings of your country, as well as its positions on the issues that are being discussed.
Position papers should contain your country’s relation to the topic, as well as its suggestions for how to
solve the issues discussed.
Position papers are usually one to one side of an A4. Your position paper should include a brief
introduction followed by a comprehensive breakdown of your country’s position on the topics that are
being discussed by the committee.
A brief introduction to your country and its history concerning the topic and committee;
How the issue affects your country;
Your country’s policies with respect to the issue and your country’s justification for these
policies;
Statistics to back up your country’s position on the issue;
Actions taken by your Government with regard to the issue;
Conventions and resolutions that your country has signed or ratified;
UN actions that your country supported or opposed;
What your country beliefs should be done to address the issue;
What your country would like to accomplish in the committee’s resolution; and;
How the positions of other countries affect your country’s position
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When do I turn it in?
Delegates are required to mail their position papers to their respective executive board(mail id’s given at
the end of the file) on or before Saturday, the 6th of July by 15:00 hrs, failing which, position papers from
the delegation will not be accepted.
I’ve gone through the literature, but I’m not quite sure what my
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states, no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment. Although this doctrine was adopted in 1948, the world has fallen quite short of this goal. Violence against women
pervades all states and it is the duty of the international community to ensure that all persons are afforded equality and respect.
Despite cooperative efforts at combating gross human rights abuses, such as the adoption of the Declaration on the Elimination of
Violence against Women, the United Nations has not been able to alleviate the injustice women worldwide experience daily.
The Kingdom of Denmark believes that in order to end violence against women, nations must look to empower women in all aspects
of society. This includes promoting equal gender roles in government, civil society, education and business. However, Denmark also
recognizes the need to combat human rights abuses against women as they occur, and no nation is immune to gender violence.
In 2002, the Danish Government launched an extensive action plan to combat domestic violence against women. The plan includes
measures to help treat abused women, identify and prosecute the perpetrators, and incorporate professional medical and
psychological staff into the rehabilitation process. The action plan currently reaches out to both governmental and nongovernmental
The Danish Centre for Human Rights in Copenhagen, Denmark's foremost national human rights institution also promotes and
protects human rights. Based on the Centre's research, Denmark's parliament can promote human rights-based legislation and
education/awareness programs throughout the nation. The Centre also addresses the UN Commission on Human Rights annually
regarding human rights developments in Denmark and internationally. Denmark has no record of committing major human rights
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violations, most importantly any targeted at women. In its 2003 Annual Report, Amnesty International also found no human rights
Women are invaluable to Denmark's society and have achieved significant economic and social gains in the 20th century.
Currently, 75 percent of medical students in Denmark are women.
Denmark is confident that this Commission can bring about an end to violence against women without compromising the
sovereignty of member states. Education remains perhaps the most useful tool in protecting victims of gender-based violence.
Governments, UN agencies, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can plan a coordinated campaign that educates national
populations on the various ways women are violently targeted. Similarly, harmful traditions, such as honor killings and female genital
mutilation, must be stopped by reforming traditional views of women in society. Children of both sexes need to be taught at an early
age to value the rights of women in order to prevent such violence in their generation.
Another way to stop gender violence would be to reproach member states that consistently violate treaties such as the Convention
on Political Rights of Women (1952), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), and
the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993). Although this Committee cannot impose sanctions, it can
pass resolutions verbally condemning states that commit human rights violations. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
can also meet with representatives of governments that violate the above treaties to discuss possible solutions.In order to prevent
gender violence, nations must work together to build a culture of support, equality and community. As such, the Kingdom of
Denmark looks forward to offering its support, in whatever form possible, to nations firmly committed to ending violence against
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Resolutions
The final results of discussion, writing and negotiation are resolutions-written suggestions for addressing
a specific problem or issue. Resolutions, which are drafted by delegates and voted on by the committee,
normally require a simple majority to pass. Only Security Council resolutions can compel nations to
takeaction. All other UN bodies use resolutions to make recommendations or suggestions for future
action.
Draft Resolutions
Draft resolutions are all resolutions that have not yet been voted on. Delegates write draft resolutions
alone or with other countries. There are three main parts to a draft resolution: the heading, the
preamble and the operative section.The heading shows the committee and topic along with the
resolution number.
It also lists the draft resolution’s Main Submitters and signatories. Each draft resolution is one long
sentence with sections separated by commas and semicolons. The subject of the sentence is the body
making the statement (e.g., the General assembly, or Security Council). The preamble and operative
sections then describe the current situation and actions that the committee will take. The first word in
each clause should be underlined. All operative clauses end with a semicolon except the final clause,
which ends with a period.
A draft resolution must always gain the support of a certain number of member states in the committee
before the main submitters (the delegates who created the resolution) may submit it to the chair. A staff
member will read the draft resolution to ensure that it is relevant and in proper format. Only when the
chair formally accepts the document and assigns it a number can it be referred to in formal debate.
(HEADING)
(PREAMBLE)
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The preamble of a draft resolution states the reason for which the committee is addressing the topic and
highlights past international action on the issue. Each clause begins with a present participle (called a
perambulatory phrase) and ends with a comma.
Operative Clauses
Operative clauses identify the actions or recommendations made in a resolution. Each operative clause
begins with a verb (called an operative phrase) and ends with a semicolon. Operative clauses should be
organized in a logical progression, with each containing a single idea or proposal, and are always
numbered. If a clause requires further explanation, bulleted lists set off by letters or roman numerals
can also be used. After the last operative clause, the resolution ends in a period.
Fear not first time MUNers, we know the feeling. All you have to do is go through this sample
resolution,understand the format, and you’re good to go.
Reminding all nations of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, which recognizes the inherent dignity, equality and inalienable rights of all
global citizens, [use commas to separate preambulatory clauses]
Reaffirming its Resolution 33/1996 of 25 July 1996, which encourages Governments to work
with UN bodies aimed at improving the coordination and effectiveness of humanitarian
assistance,
Noting with satisfaction the past efforts of various relevant UN bodies and nongovernmental
organizations,
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Stressing the fact that the United Nations faces significant financial obstacles and is in need of
reform, particularly in the humanitarian realm,
1. Encourages all relevant agencies of the United Nations to collaborate more closely with
countries at the grassroots level to enhance the carrying out of relief efforts; [use semicolons to
separate operative clauses]
2. Urges member states to comply with the goals of the UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs
to streamline efforts of humanitarian aid;
3. Requests that all nations develop rapid deployment forces to better enhance the coordination
of relief efforts of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies;
4. Calls for the development of a United Nations Trust Fund that encourages voluntary
donations from the private transnational sector to aid in funding the implementation of rapid
deployment forces;
5. Stresses the continuing need for impartial and objective information on the political,
economic and social situations and events of all countries;
6. Calls upon states to respond quickly and generously to consolidated appeals for humanitarian
assistance; and
AMENDMENTS, I don’t quite agree with part of this resolution, what do I do?
Approved draft resolutions are modified through amendments. An amendment is a written statement
that adds, deletes or revises an operative clause in a draft resolution. The amendment process is used
to strengthen consensus on a resolution by allowing delegates to change certain sections. There are two
types of amendments:
A friendly amendment is a change to the draft resolution that all sponsors agree with. After the
amendment is signed by all of the draft resolution’s sponsors and approved by the committee director
or president, it will be automatically incorporated into the resolution.
An unfriendly amendment is a change that some or all of the draft resolution’s sponsors do not support
and must be voted upon by the committee. The author(s) of the amendment will need to obtain a
required number of signatories in order to introduce it (usually 20 percent of the committee). Prior to
voting on the draft resolution, the committee votes on all unfriendly amendments.
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Ultimately, resolutions passed by a committee represent a great deal of debate and compromise. They
are the tangible results of hours if not days of Model UN debate. As a result, it is important to become
familiar with the resolution process and practice drafting resolutions using the proper structure and
wording.
SAMPLE OF AN AMENDMENT
Committee: General Assembly
Requests the expansion of preventive actions and assurance of post conflict assistance through
reconstruction and development.
Opening Phrases;
These phrases are to be used at the beginning of your clauses to stress the nature of the clause.
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Welcoming
It is sometimes helpful to think of a Model UN conference as if it were a play in which delegates are the
actors and Secretariat members are the directors. The storyline of a stage show is similar to what Model
UNers call the “flow of debate” – the order in which events proceed during a Model UN conference. Just
like scenes in a theatrical performance, debate unfolds in several different parts. The chart below shows
the various stages of debate that take place during a Model UN simulation. Being familiar with how the
action will proceed, from the first “scene” to the last, is an important way to prepare yourself for a
Model UN conference.
Roll Call
The Chairperson will announce each country’s name. After delegates hear their country, they should
answer "present." Delegates must specify whether “present and voting”, implying that they must
participate in voting procedures either for or against the resolution/clause/amendment. Delegates
indicating “present and voting” will be suspended from session if they do not vote during the
procedures. Delegates who wish to abstain from voting must simply confirm their presence for session.
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Setting the Agenda
When Model UN committees have more than one topic available, the body must set the agenda to begin
working on one of these issues. At this time a delegate typically makes a motion, stating "The country of
[name] moves to place [topic A] first on the agenda, followed by [topic B] and then [topic C]." Once the
motion has been made, three delegations must speak in favor of the motion, and three other
delegations will speak against it. These speeches should alternate between those in favor and those
opposed. Once these six speeches have been given, a vote is taken. Setting the agenda requires a simple
majority vote.
Debate
Formal Debate: Formal debate revolves around a Informal Debate: Informal debate involves
speakers list. The Chair begins by asking all discussion outside of the speakers list. During
delegates interested in addressing the other moderated caucuses, the Chair calls on
members to raise their placards. The Chair then delegates one-by-one so that each can address
chooses delegates to be placed on the speakers list. the committee in short speeches. During
A country may only be on the speakers list once, unmoderated caucuses, the committee breaks
but delegates may add their country to the end of for a temporary recess so that delegates may
the list after their speech. meet with each other and discuss ideas.
1. When the session begins, speeches focus on 1. After several countries state their positions,
stating country positions and offering the committee breaks for caucuses (often in
recommendations for action. blocs) to develop regional positions.
2. After blocs have met, speeches focus on 2. Writing begins as countries work together to
describing bloc positions to the entire body. compose draft resolutions.
3. Delegates now make statements describing their 3. Countries and groups meet to gather support
draft resolutions to the committee. for specific draft resolutions.
4. Delegates try to garner more support through 4. Delegates finalize draft resolutions.
formal speeches and invite others to offer their
ideas.
Close of Debate
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Once the speakers list is exhausted, the committee automatically moves to voting. Also, once a delegate
feels that his or her country’s position is clear to others and that there are enough draft resolutions on
the floor, he or she may make a motion to proceed into voting procedure by moving for the closure of
debate.
Voting Procedures
Once a motion to close debate has been approved, the committee moves into voting procedure.
Amendments are voted on first, then resolutions. Once all of the resolutions are voted on, the
committee moves to the next topic on the agenda.
Conduct of business
I’ve figured out what I have to do at the conference, how exactly does the whole thing start?
Speakers List
The Chair shall open the speakers list for each topic to be discussed at the request of a delegate. Any
Delegate wishing to be added to the speakers list shall indicate so when asked by the Chair or shall submit such a
request in writing to the dais.
Speeches
No delegate may address the body without the previously obtained permission of the Chair. The Chair may call a
speaker to order if his/her remarks are not relevant to the subject under discussion. The Chair shall enforce the
time limit.
Yielding Time
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The delegate, who has been recognized by the Chair to address the body on a substantive issue, may yieldany time
following their remarks after their speech. Yields may be made in three ways: to another delegate,to points of
information (questions), or to the Chair.
Yield to another delegate. His/her remaining time shall be given to another delegate.
Yield to questions. Delegates shall be selected by the Chair to ask one question per speech. The
Chair has the right to call order to any delegate whose question is, in the opinion of the Chair,
> not designed to elicit information. Answers to questions are limited to the time remaining in a
Delegate’s speech.
Yield to the Chair. Such a yield should be made if the delegate does not wish his/her speech to be subject
to comments. The Chair shall then move on to the next speaker. Once a delegate yields his/her time, the
second delegate (the one who has been yielded to) may not yield any remaining time.
Right of Reply
The Chair may recognize the Right of Reply only in instances of a grave personal insult. Rights of Reply
must be submitted in writing to the Chair, and may only be granted after a speech is completed. The Chair shall
inform the Secretary-General of the circumstances surrounding the Right of Reply. No ruling on this matter is
subject to appeal.
Parliamentary points
How to get yourself heard amid the chaos
Point Of Order
During the discussion of any matter, a delegate may raise a Point of Order and the Chair shall immediately consider
the request. A Point of Order must relate to the observance of the rules of the committee or to the way the Chair is
exercising his or her power. A delegate raising a Point of Order may not speak on the substance of the matter
under discussion. The Chair may refuse to recognize a Point of Order if the delegate has not shown proper restraint
and decorum governing the use of such a right, or if the point is dilatory in nature.
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Point Of Inquiry
If there is no discussion on the floor, a delegate may raise a Point of Inquiry to request clarification of the
present procedural status of a meeting. A Point of Inquiry may never interrupt a speaker.
Motions
Let’s get on with the session already!!
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committee so that debate can resume through the same process. The motion to resume debate on a tabledtopic
shall also require a two-thirds majority for passage.
Closure of Debate
A delegate may at any time move for the closure of debate on the item under discussion, after which debatewill
end and all draft resolutions and amendments will be put to an immediate vote. Permission to speak onthe closure
of debate shall be accorded only to two speakers opposing the closure, after which the motionshall be immediately
put to a vote. This motion requires a two-thirds majority decision. Upon passage of thismotion the Chair shall
declare the closure of debate and immediately move into voting procedure on thesubstantive proposals
introduced and pending before the committee. The committee shall also close debateand move into voting
procedure when the speakers list has been exhausted.
Code of conduct
Language
All proceedings of the house will take place in English. Delegates must refrain from usage of any other
language while in session.
Attire
Delegates are to dress in Western /Indian formals. Denims, open-toed shoes (floaters, flip flops),
sneakers, round-neck collars, etc are strictly prohibited.
Diplomatic Courtesy
All delegates are required to accord diplomatic courtesy to the panel and other members of the house
at all times.
Speeches
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When in session, delegates must address fellow delegates in third person. The use of personal pronouns
such as “I”, “me” etc is strictly prohibited during session. Delegates are to refer to themselves as “The
delegate of XYZ (country)” at all times. Delegates are requested to restrict their usage of “umm”, “but”,
“like” etc. this will affect the panel’s opinion of the delegate
The use of electronic devices will be restricted to the use of laptops; however, use of the internet while
in session is strictly banned.
Note
The organizing committee of CVMUN is not responsible for delegates’ personal belongings.
Contact Details
MUN convener:
Mrs.JayashreeMadhukar
Mrs.Bhuvana
Studentcoordinators:
Secretary General:DeepikaEaswaran
Deputy-Secretary General:AditiPrakash
Conference Manager: SenuNizar
Deputy Conference Manager: Caleb Dean
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Moderator:KishenDas7299978700
Email- cvmunhrc@gmail.com
Security Council:
Chair:Surya Dev Singh
Co-Chair:JayanthDeshmukh9600097130
Moderator: Sanjay Sujatha
Email- cvmunsc@gmail.com
Environment Committee:
Chair:EshwarSubramaniam9176667589
Guest Chair:Akshat Jain
Moderator: VishweshSundar
Email-cvmununep@gmail.com
DISEC:
Guest Chair:AbijitHariharan
Co-Chair: GaneshramRajagopalan 9790484676
Moderator:Ramit Kumar
Email- cvmundisec@gmail.com
WHO
Chair: VidhiMaheshwari 9791066212
Co-Chair: AdvaidhNelakanttan9962023322
Moderator: Niharika Kumar 8939690655
Email- cvmun.who@gmail.com
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We sincerely hope this delegate manual has been of adequate help to all the participants of
CVMUN 2013.
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