Mcqs mycorrhizae

1. Mycorrhizae is association of fungi with

a. Roots of higher plants b. algae
c. None d. both a and b
2. Fungal roots were discovered by:
a. Robert b. A.B Frank c. Aristotle d. none
3. Plants provide food to fungal partner by
a. Respiration b. photosynthesis
c. Transpiration d. none
4. How many types of mycorrhizae are there?
a. Two b. three
c. Four d. five
5. Who classified mycorrhizae?
a. Peterson b. Farquhar
c. Both a & b d. none
6. Fungal hyphae are present on root surface as individual threads
a. Endomycorrhizae b. ectoimycorrhizae
c. Ectendomycorrhizae d. none
7. Fungi form warm association with plants belong to
a. Ascomycetes b. Basidiomycetes
c. Zygomycetes d. all of above
8. This is pseudo mycorrhizal and play role in establishment of orchid seedlings
a. VAM fungi b. orchidoid mycorrhizae
c. Ericoid mycorrhizae d. none
9. There is no hyphal penetration
a. Ectomycorrhizae b. endomycorrhizae
c. Ectendomycorrhizae d. none
Mineral transport pathway
1. Which are the shaker type channels that are involve in K uptake
a) Populus euphratica
b) Populus tricocarpa
c) Hebloma cylendrosporum
d) Both a and b
2. In AM plants which members are identified and characterized
a) HKT ,HAK
b) LJHAK
c) RiHAK
d) ERM
3. In ECM symbiosis which fungus are analysed in K transport system
a) Hebloma
b) Hebloma cylendrosporum
c) Yeast fungus
d) Zygomycota fungus
4. Allowing the K uptake from apoplasm which data suggest the role of plant
protein
a) Genomic
b) Genomic + transcriptomic
c) Transcriptomic
d) None
5. Which library of rhizophagus irregularis allows the identification of K
transport related protein
a) EST
b) EPST
c) PST
d) All
6. Transcriptomic analysis revealed high overexpression of K transporter in
a) Lotus mantle
b) In fungal spores
c) Lotus japonicus
d) None
7. Capability in K transport was verified in
 a) Middle lines
b) Dotted lines
c) Full lines
d) All
8. AM fungal structure include
a) ERM ,spore
b) Hypopodium
c) Arbuscules
d) All of above
9. ECM fungal structure include all except one
a) Extraradical hyphae
b) ERM
c) Fungal mantle
d) Hartig net
10.Example of model plant i
a) Nematode worm
b) Arabidopsis thaliana
c) Both
d) Zebra fish
11.How many sequence of R irregularis from EST library identified in K
transport
a) Six
b) Five
c) Eight
d) Four
12.Which fungi have the capacity to breaking the phenolic compounds in soil
a) ECM fungi
b) Erichoid fungi
c) Both
d) None
13.Root colonization can provide protection from parasitic fungi and nematodes
by
a) VAM
b) ERM
c) GMV
d) All
14.Which fungi are economically are nutritionaly?
 a) ERM
b) ECM
c) VCM
d) All
15.Which mineral nutrient have very limited mobility in soil
a) Nitrogen
b) Potassium
c) Sulphur d) phosphorus
1) One way to assess the quality of an inoculum is to determine the density of
a) viable spore
b) non -viable spore
c) germinating spores
d) both a and b
2) Growth of indicator plant can be determine over time nondestructively by
a) Meaning leaf area index
b) Plant height
c) Measuring leaf number
d) All of these
3) P status of plant can be determine
a) Destructively
a) Nondestructively
b) Both
c) None
4) The prevalent seedling production practices are based on
a) Organic media
b) Soil based media
c) Non organic media
d) None of these
5) Soil based media is heavy and have
a) High water holding capacity
b) Low water holding capacity
c) None of these
6) Poor inoculum performance may be a result of
a) Low level of infective propagules
b) High level of infective propagules
 c) Moderate level of infective propagules
d) Both a and b

7) The optimum P concentration at which balance is maintained FOR FAST

GROWING PLANT SPECIES IS
a) 0.002mg\L
b) 0.02mg\L
c) 0.03mg\L
d) 0.04mg\L
7) The measure of degree to which a plant species relies on mycorrihizal
condition for nutrient uptake called as
a) Mycorrhizal dependency
b) Mycorrhizal independency
c) Mycorrhizal stability
8) The activities of AM fungi can severely curtailed by soil disturbance in
a) Native ecosystem
b) Agriculture ecosystem
c) Both

10) Being obligate symbiants AM fungi could be mass produced only in the
presence of
a) Living roots
b) Non-living roots
c) Rooten roots
d) None o0f these

11) The In vitro laxenic culture technique are

a) Solution culture
b) Aeroponic culture
c) Root organ culture
d) All of these

12) The culture involves applying a fine mist of nutrient solution to colonized
rootsw is called as
a) Solution culture
 b) Aeroponic culture
c) Root organ culture

13) Technique used for mass production of AM inoculum are

a) In vivo culture
b) In vitro culture
c) Both

14) In Australia a phenomenon adversely affects many crops called as

a) Long fallow disorder
b) Soil condition
c) No of infective propagules

15) The first formal definition of role of AM fungi in plant nutrient uptake and
growth wase made in
a) 1978
b) 1975
c) 1940
d) 1990

1. Soil sample from field should be taken from depth of

A)0-10 cm
b)0-20 cm
c)0-30 cm
d)0-40 cm
If the soil is dry at sampling it must be soaked for
10-20 min
20-30 min
30-40 min
30-60 min
Cold temperature use to overcome the innate dormancy
4’C
5’C
3’C
6’C
Spores can be incubated in membrane filter for
3 weeks
2 weeks
4 weeks
5 weeks
Petri dish with spores is covered and incubated in dark at
10’C
20’C
30’C
40’C
Medium in submerged sand system is necessarily changes at a interval of
2-3 days
3-4 days
4-5 days
5-6 days
Plant tops are cut after ________ weeks of transplanting.
Seven to eight
Eight to nine
Nine to ten
Six to seven
Roots are gently removed after _______ months of growth.
4 months
5 months
6 months
7 months
In hydroponic production roots are cut into _______ length.
1 cm
2 cm
3 cm
4 cm
Finely ground rock phosphate is used as a source of
O
N
P
S
Infected host plants are transferred to the aeroponic chamber with ______ spacing
between plants.
10-11 cm
10-12 cm
10-13 cm
10-14 cm
Moist roots and spores can be stored in
Tap water
Ground water
Distilled water
Mud water
Aim of clearing of roots is to get rid of nuclear and _______ materials in order to
facilitate maximal penetration of stain.
Cytoplasmic
Protoplasmic
Chlorophyll
Water
_______ must be acidified to facilitate retention of the stain by the target
specimen.
Shoots
Leaves
Stem
Roots
Use rubber gloves during the preparation and use of .
Clearing
Staining
Acidifying solution
All of these
Evaluating effectiveness of AMF inoculum
1. Growth of the indicator plant can be monitored over time nondestructively by
measuring
a. leaf number
b. plant height
c. stem diameter
d. all of above
2. The most important factors that influence the outcome of AMF inoculation is
namely
a. abundance of AMF infective propagules
b. soil P status
c. soil treatment
d. All of above
3. Effectiveness of mycorrhizal fungi may not be rapidly expressed if the number
of infective propagules contained in an inoculum is
a. High
b. constant
c. Low
d. none of these
4. Mycorrhizal inoculation will have its ________ effect on plant growth at soil P
concentrations near optimal for mycorrhizal activity or at soil P concentrations
that are barely accessible to the unaided root.
a. Maximum
b. Minimum
c. High
d. none of these
5. The best approach to optimizing the soil solution P concentration is first to
determine the ______ isotherm of the soil.
a. P-sorption
b. phosphorus sorption
c. None of these
d. both a and b
6. In _______ ecosystems, soil disturbances caused by land clearing and mining
operations can be so severe that mere inoculation of the affected areas with
AMF may not be able to restore the symbiotic function of the fungi.
a. Native
b. Agricultural
c. Biotic
d. Abiotic
7. In ________, a phenomenon known as long-fallow disorder adversely affects
many crops, including wheat, sorghum, and soy bean.
a. America
b. England
c. Australia
d. Canada

8. __________ in AMF abundance and activity also result because of the inclusion
of nonmycorrhizal or poorly mycorrhizal plant species in a cropping system.
a. Depletion
b. Reduction
c. Addition
d. None of these