DISES co ure of - wee CHAPTER # 4 a] Measure of Dispersion ; ange and coefficient of range from the followi ig Find "12, 38, 16, 11, 19, 25, 18, 17, 21 Owing data, i) }y AY a 106, 108, 110, 108, 106, 115, 110, 109, 102 i sIHT10N ne the data in an order, we have 0 ie 13, 16, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 25 j= Maximum value ~ Minimum value pewe-leu 2-11 14 Coefficient of range = 557-4] = gg = 0.39 (i) Arranging the data in an order, we have 102, 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 110, 115 Xn = 115, Xo = 102 R= Xn - Xo = 115 - 102 = 13 i — Xm = Xe Coefficient of Range = Xn + X. _ 115 - 102 * 115 — 102 = 0.06 Find range from the following frequency distribution, [ro—t [5-7o | oo | 5-09 | 0-0] a 69.5 - 74.5 74.5 - 79.5 79.5 - 84.5 84.5 - 89.5 89.5 - 94.6oe os mn, 7 Xo = 69.5 “83 cy 60 yas - 695 : , = 25 = 20 o = Be ae = 120, Maximum value = 309 Minimum ve 20 = 180 44) = Xm - Xo = 300-1 Re Xm - Xo Coefficient of range = Xm + Xo 300-120" _ 180 _ 3 ile deviation from the fol], 45 (b) Find ae coefficient of quartile deviation, ie 15, 12, 18, 16, 11, 19, 26, 18, 17, 21 (ii) 105, 103, 110, 108, 106, 115, 110, 109, 102 LUTION . a (i) Arranging the data in an order, we have Owing ata, 4 h . 9 a 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 26 Qs- Q: QD > 10 + =F thvatue = 2* 24h value FP thvalue = 275th value = 2nd value + 0.75 (3rd - 2nd value) = 12 + 0,75(13 = 12) > =12+4 0.751) = 12.75 + Q= (eH) th value = g(t) _ 33 a() sj thvalue =. = 8.25th value = dthvalue + 0.25 0th — gen value) £19 + 0251 ~ 19) aa, ine > = 19 + 0.60 = 19,50 D, = 860 15 gas i « Pees “D = 8.875 “ellcient of .D, = S41 = Q) = 19.50 - yo = p= 12.75 3.75 9.50 +1275 = 32,25 = 0.1047\ VE of Dispersion oa) “andi the data in an order, we haye + Ny 0 | geben vale = 24a value sd pth value 2 208" jue + 0.5 (8rd - 2nd value) = pnd val = Mog + 0.6 105 = 103) = yo3 + 0:5(2) = 104.0 nt 2+) th value a alr 0+ atl). 809) 14, . ee rs value => = 7.5th value rth value + 0.5 (8th ~ 7th value) 110 + 0.5(110 - 110) 10+ 0= 110 g-@_ 0-10 6 Qb=> 2 = 2 ~9=8 _ Qi - Qs coefficient of QD. = Q, +g, . . 110 - 104 = Tio tod ~ Bra = 0028 ig Caloulate the quartile deviation from the following data, Marks 30-39 | 40 - 49 50-59 60-69 | 70-79 f a. | 87 190 86 20 SOLUTION CB 29.5 - 39.5 39.5 - 49.5 49.5 - 59.5 59.5 - 69.5 69.5 - 79.5 Qp = @= a 2 slew @) Qareb(a,) 391 4 {= “Fin value = 32% th value = 97.758 value62 or 7h th value lies in the clas 49.5 ~ 39.5 value aS h= 10, f= 190, © = 95 = = 4954 O14 19.64 3 3x 8 Q= ad th value = q thvalue = 25 th value gs 12595, b= 10, f= Qs = 59.5 + Bg? = = 59.5 + 0.99 = Go,49 60.49 - 49.64 Qn. => 2 47 Find the quartile deviation and its coefficient from the flo, ol data. [ceiasses_[ 41-50 | 51-60 | 61-70 | 71-80 eR Lot | 30 36 43 | 104 | | SOLUTION Marks f CB. af 41 - 50 30 40.5 - 50.5 30 51 - 60 36 50.5 - 60.5 66 61-7 43 60.5 - 70.5 109 71 - 80 104 70.5 - 80.5 213 81 - 90 73 80.5 - 90.5 286 90.5 - 100.5. 300 Where Qe 300 : “thvalue = ae th value = 76 th value 75th i value lies in the group 60.5 — 70.5, therefore Mears h(a flare3 x 300 = So ypvalue = 4 BAC > = 225 th value @ . «gels in the group 80.5 ~ 90.5, therefore 35 ce _ 95+ 7g@ ~ 219) > = 805 + 164 = gy Qo= Qi _ 8214 ~ 62.59 | 5 = gn Qn. 2G 9.78 - B= Q Coefficient f QD. = Q,4°Q, _ 82.14 - 62.59 = 92.14 + 62.59 = 0.068 5 0) Calculate mean deviation from the following data, 4 9, 2, 6,.12, 8, 18, 23, 16, 6, 5 © a mean deviation from-median from the following ata. 9, 2, 6, 12, 18, 13, 23, 16, 6, 5 SOLUTION () Mean deviation = =L%=—%1 x=ion orm median. og | Mean deviat ta in an order, We have OY () Arrangine 9, 13, 16, 18 93 3 | x - Median | MD= = BA ' F107 54 ; 49 Calculate mean deviation from mean and its coefficient from ti data given below. [neome | 35 - 39 | 40 - 44 | 45 - 49 | 50 - 54 | 55 - 59 10 - 64 6-8 13 1o_| 5) L# 15. 28 17 12 SOLUTION : Income f Tx 35 - 39 13 0-44 15 630 45-49 | 9g 50-54 17 884 we} 684 -64 | 19 85 - 69 | Total | 335“ 690.0 =69 if 100 MD. _ 69 Coefficient ofM.D. = Mean > = 49.59 = 0.14 ate mean di eviation from median, " Calcul! 4 = 955446) > = 95+?Ef | x = Model M.D. (Mode) = xf First we calculate the mode e fin = fi___ Mode = ¥=1+ GOR) Gm *P Therefore 1 = 5, fo = 83, f = 53, f = 66,h =2 a 83 — 53 £25 + G53) + 63 66) *” 60 * 30. 25+ ea *? > = 5 + 57 = 5 + 105 = 6.0526 555.6306 MD. = “953 = 2.1962 M.D. _ 2.1962 « - MD. _ ‘efficient of M.D. = Node = 6.0526 4.12. (b) Calculate variance and standard deviation from the following dt (i) 1,2,8,4,5 ; (ii) 8, 5, 7, 18, 15, 17, 28,27 Gii) 10, 8, 7, ee ey sorurro.d 1878.5: 12, 8,68, 2 (b) (i)9 2b Ad 169 225 289 b29 729 Cy -Fg) = = 258 ~ 189.06 9. > = Yoriance = 63.989 mon $D, = 7.99 il) x x5 : 10 4 oh 25 A 6.25 05 ; os 0.25 ; 5 0.25 15 : 2.25 25 2 6.25 4.5 20.26 . : 0.5 0.25 : “15 2.26 : 0.5 0.25 5.5 30.25 68.5,‘i. jance and standard —S for 68 te the varia’ ard devi, Caleulal late the coeffi tio, qa) giver pelow. Also calcula’ coeffic: ntof vant 7 ‘Variance = 8! = 2 - (38) fariance Sf Sf 2 446518 _ (ce) = 2.94 = "00 100 Standard Deviation = S. = 2.94 = 1.7146 & . - _ Efx_ 6680 av, = atu i = SF 100 1.7146 - CV. = “ggg x 100; X% = 66.8 CV. = 2.566% Variance = gz = 2x? e&) or Usp, = 884 (72) ae) =76-64= 12 Standard deviation = S=Vib=a4s af45 a ion =, j ispersio! Fs 02 and ot y the jance standard deviat} variidents at the Govt, College 1 250.8889 | 102.9555 117.2889 | 1993.9113 33.9889 | 951.6899 0.6889. | 17,7295 17.3889 | 313,002 84.0889 | 1093.1557 200.7889 | 1204.7334 367.4889 | °1897.4445 584.1889 | 1168.78 850.8889 | 850.8889 Teo — [sia | [10866.668 if _ 8140 _ ., «, i= P= ag0 = 67.83 . 5 iu466.668 _ 9... g - He a= A = 90.55 8 = 90.55 = 9.516 i fficient of Determine the variance, standard deviation and coeffi variation of the following data, 5 45 - 49 | 50-54 [Glasses | 20-24 | 25-29 | 30-34 | 95-39 | 40-44 l fT SOLUTION 4 [ 8 a 18X = 1568 - 1521 = = _ Efx 1950 _ E 588 x 100 = 17.59% 3 e following frequency distribution shows the marks 30-39 | 40-40 Of sty, de 60 ~69 [70-79 Tay 5 ents i x - 54.5 Ties Using the transformation u = “Tl Calculate the variance and ccefficient of variation, SOLUTION. Marks XS atte xh ; a=54.5 ; Tone = 58 : 545 + 109 x 10 = 60,3 aa ~ G3) : (oy 284 . (22y 100°~ Gog) | = 220.36 S = VaR; = M845 OV. = 8 ey vas x => = 14.8445 , “60.3 * 100 = 24.62%stated that in frequency =e ) 01 _—Mean ceviation " “eo Mean deviation it is oat te relation Standard deviation = or" ing distr’ e $0 [04] jbution. [105-2 [ae] Lo fw e 9.8. Tost this “it ine, x MD. = ~~~ $F “60 Calculation of Standard Deviation Weight f x fx | ft 65 - 84 9 74.5 670.5 $0952.25 85 - 104 10 94.5 945.0 89302.50 105 - 124 17 114.5 1946.5 222874.25 125-144 | 10 | 1945 | 1345.0 | 18090260 145 - 164 5 154.5 772.5 | 119351.25 165 - 184 4 174.5 | 698.0 121801.00 185 - 204 5 194.5 972.5 199151.25 [os 60 = 9733380 uf ~ (ze ge = Dit ey 60 ~ 973335 (exry 60 ; = 16222.25 - 15006.25 = = 1216 = 34,87 gm M Fentewiation _ tandard deviation ~ 34. _ 28.27 2 87 = 1216 (em)? 0.81 AS required Observationg lyi 9 : tions = 2 x 100 ="95% ¥ J beithin these limits = 20 P 20 roentaBe of observations = 95x 100 = 199% ye) Hen? 1 understand by variance? The wa 0 es of wn sam Rs, 4.60 to Re nen hey are Brouped in ue Employees andes class interval of Re, 1, and the class frequen vAS5eS Wit] com ass to the highest class are 6, 17, 35, 48, 65, 90 ies fry 181,175, 15g 52,219 and 6, Find the mean wage and its standard deviati 188, 117, 15, 56°" ion, w nof mean Wage and the standard deviation. spglatio! ae ses (RS) | ff | x }__—_j____} i | | q-550. | 6 | 5.00 oF 5.50 - 6.50 17 | 6.00 -6 6.50 - 7.50 35 | 7.00 5 7.50 - 8.50 48 8.00 4 8.50 - 9.50 65 9.00 -3 9.50 - 10.50 90 10.00 2 10.50 - 11.50 131 11,00 -1 11.50 - 12.50 173 12.00 0 12.50 - 13.60 155 13.00 1 13.50 - 14.50 U7 14,00 2 - 14.50 - 15.50 75 15.00 3 15.50 - 16.50 52 16.00 4 16.50 - 17.50 21 17.00 5 17.50 - 18.50 9 6 18.50 - 19.50 6 19.00 7 Total Mean wage @) =a + 2 xh = 12.00 + ze Use =y (28) 6 1000/7 \1000, ~ \6.898 — 9.00036" - * V6-897964 = Rs. 2.626 = 06 joo 2 708 ree - ss on. 90.18 + 3(15.99) 73 +98 * 048, 138.12————Aistics for 14 Find the ari hmetic mean and the erat a 320 @) Fe aaanat 40, 40, 50, 60, 70, 70, 80, 80, 99, 4) °°Yiat obshandard deviation after increasing the omnes 0 fi i Tommnits ii) 10 percent Vation “) What will be the standard deviation and the Varia, Nee the following cases. : itvare) see (iiiy Ifvar(x) = 25. oe 5 (b) SOLUTION (a) = » [40000 (2 ? 97 =) => = 444444 — 415251 = 291.9264 = 17.07 (i) Increasing each ae by 10 units. to yexdy@ ) 421 5? 500 _ (744d)? >= -V5893.38 ~ “S547 3TRg nn 2 = 17.07 \ (9164 = 17.0 ; . 2 ea observation by 10%. | snore [og a s2ape 48400 (638) = [ae - (2) => = 6377.78 ~ 5025.39 = (352.3879 = 18.78 var (x) = 25 (Given) @) var (2x) = 4 var(x) 4 x 25 = 100 fa var (x +2) == var (x) = 25 7 ii) var (2x + 4) => 4var(x) = 4x 25 = 10 «eat Compute the ed ee and co-efficient of yariation for the employees working in two factors are below. given belo’ Factories 12 18 29 32 16 8Si 6.85 109 = 15.39% CM =" x 100 = = 445 x Factory B MS at oh xh = 425 + x5 = = 42.5 + 5,06 = 47.56 rf 02 3 2 8: = a2 *- (Hu)? _ 368 - 28) Be ~Uan) = = 8 * \/y62 ~ 62 2° * 22716 T9248 = = § x 1.1165 = 5.58 1, = Se ° CV, = & = x 100 _ 5.58 cs > = 4756 x 100 = 11.73%Town A (15) = 55.5 + a) x10 => = 55.5 - 0.28 = Rs, 55.22 _ yy [Bae _ (Eh | Sie b\ or > Ce) = 10 765. (ay *\ 542 7 (542 = ps, 11.88 Laie 2 00009 => = 10x 11876 1 x S 11.88 = 21.51% Cv=2 x 100 = , =-gg92 * 1 21 x Xsa+ ot, h \ be =5554+D, 19 = = 555- 0.6 = Bsh 3 fies _ (S) 2 10 x \/100 ~ 200 2 10 x V168 - 0.0036 = = 10 x 12948 = Rg 19 9, re S& x 100 x : 1288 x 100 = 23.59% = 64. fficient of variation for town B is greater than that for two A. are is greater variability in expenditures of families in town that of town A | the 4,23 The following are the marks of two.students in different Subjects A 15 72 75 56 82 50 a oo Las | 95 | ss | 19 | 60 | a Who is better student? Who is more constant student? SOLUTION Student A Student B x x? oy. y? 75 5625 90 8100 60 3600 35 1225 72 5184 95 9025 15 5625 88 7744 56 3136 19 361 82 6724 60 3600 50 2500 76 5176__| Student A 40 | s2so4 463 35881 = 40 7 = 67.14 S24 (pe . eG) 5. (aay > ie 7 TNT = =-119.93 = 10.95i : 79 pe? ee) en We 463. = 66.14 weg ; a - 66.14" = =.\N871— aa7ag 1 fal = 27.28 s rem x 100 ci. = y * 2 2128 , 00 = 41.25% = 66.14 . gince mean marks of student A is larger than student B. So student Ais god se ce CN. of student A is less than B, therefore A ie also consistent yi @ For a group of 60 boys, the mean score is 55 and the a ° deviation is 9. For another group of 40 girls the es lard 52 and standard deviation is 8 on the same test. Find the core is and standard deviation of the combined Sroup of 100 children (b) Coefficient of variation of two series are 75% and 90% aaa their standard deviations are 15 apes and 18 respectively, Find SOLUTION ® m = 60, X1 = 55, S1 = 9 : n2 = 40, X2 = 52, $2 =8 Combined mean = X. = Dix + mie m+ ne _ 60(55) + 40652) _ = eo + 40 = 88:80 (Xi X.)?] Combined variance = $2 = Ini (Si? + (i= Xe Ini mi + ne = 80181 + (55 - 53.80)2] + 40[64 + (52 - 53.80 40 + 60 sows.) + 40622 4) +40 = S081 + 144) + dojed + 3.24) _ _ 24) 0 ~ 4946.4 + 2689 7636 ee oes = 1638 ~ 76.36 100 = = 00 =7 8 = Vie36 = 9.7480 SOLUTION ® geries A cv. = 75% 4.95 Given the fol lowing data. Calculate the variance and sia deviation by step deviation method. Sites fo, Bs @ Series B C.V. = 90% S = 18 dy Classes 20-24 | 25 - 29 30 - 34 | 35-99 f 1 4 8 lh Classes 40 - 44 45 = 49 50 - 59 f ub | 9 2 SOLUTION Calculation of variance by step deviation method let A=387,h=5 Classes | f | e x37) fa | fe us*> 20-24 1 22 -3 -3 9 2-29 | 4 | 27 2 -g | 16 30-34 | 8 | 32 4 -8 8 eo) | | 387 0 o | 0 bon} 2 | 1 15 | 16 50-54 9 | 47 2 18 36 Total 2} 52 3 6 18, Lo [T= = 20 | 102 Variance = ge he [Ee fu)? 1 - GR) = (6 [292 (2 i" ~~ 50 ~ 50) | SVs ggg MO 016) = = 250.88) = 47 = 6.86‘ou say of skewness in each op (ot yi each of the Fi & followin e wat oon? () ist Meat = 49, Mode = 52 436, Median = 160, Qs = 184 v @ 5 Gi) Oo, = 78, Median = ) Mean = °° edian = 61 i oN om de = 52 ® yoo = 19, Mo a . i wae Mode = g -51 = -33 (Negatively skewed) et fog, Qe = 1602 Qs = 184 Ve ~ 2Med (i ge eM ap 2 136-208 = 184 + 136 -320 27 q84 - 136 48° . 080 = 0 (Symmetrical) ji) Mean = 18, Median = 6? (i sefean - Median) — 3(78 = 61) _ 301 81 ogi ; - MBE As (Positively Skewed) ge students are given below. ; The height of 100 colle Height 60 - 62 f£ | 1 1 ~~ Calculate coefficient of skewness: SOLUTION Calculation of Co-efficient of Skewed Height £ x 60 - 62 5 63 - 65 18 66 - 68 42 69-71 27 12-74 8 Total 100 _ bfx _ STAB = 67.45 sf = 100 455803 ; 2 100 — (67.45) S = 8.5275 = 2.92fs — fy ) + Gin =f) 2 82 Mode =! * (fm - fy 42 - 18, = 65.5 + Gy — 18) + (42 - 27) * 3 = e735 Coefficient of Skewness Mean_— Mode gee 8 - 185 SLB = 0.034 . fficient of skewness by Bowley’: 498 Find the coe sceni bath . wley’s form quency distribution and interpret the ra fem following fre SOLUTION Coefficient of skewness by Bowley Formula Age Group f ef 0-10 18 18 10-20 16 34 20-30 15 49 30-40 13 62 40-50 10 72 50-60 5 17 60-70 2 79 70-80 1 80 Total 80 = S, = 4 Q ~ 2 Median n &-Q wo @) =F th value 80 4 = 20th value lies 5 e lies in the 8roup 1()~ 20, therefore10 Weo- 18) = = 10+ 45@) gr ier we ens 210+ 16 ae Median = 9 = th value oh = 40th value lies in the group 20 — 30, so -tG-9 Median f = 20+ 240 - 34) > = 20+ 26 = 60 15 © > =294 oe Qe a) value ue x #0 th = 60th value 60th sae the group 30 - 40 therefore h (3n as G - ) 10 = 30+ B® +49) > = 30 + Way = 90+ MO x 39s 9.46 = a5.45 Putting the — of Qi, Q: and Quin @), we have = 38.46 + 11.25 — 2(24 38.46 - 11.95 49.71 ~ 48 71 “OT = Bar = 0.0628, Bowley’s coeffici ient of skewness data. in Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness! from the following ~ 49 | 50- 54 2529 | s0-a4 | 35-39 | 40-44 | 5-4 22 50 268 495 nN . a STs=37+ as : = 37 + 2.445 = 39.445 \ ~ (ae 2113 - (Bay 1000 ~ \1000, = 54/2113 - 0.2391 = 6.84 S=h = 5x th value 100° “49 ‘h= 250th value lies in the group 29.5 - 34.5 1442. = 285 + 3° 50 — 50) => = 295 + $35 200) = 29.5 4 1000 ory Staion PAE 009 Fthvalue = ~-2 thyalue = 500 th value 5 Oth Value lies in —_ Group 39.5 — 44. eS] y Tr a 27 e 4.5, 80git @ (i) 430 ie 495) > = 395 25 - 2 = 39.5 + 2 998 + 7330 235 = 39.6) 3.x 1000,” 30.4y value = 7 = 750 th value pe 4 alue lies in the class 44.9 ~ 49.5, therefore x 150» «Bx (150 ~ 780) , we 44.9 + a6 aot A320 => = 44.9 + 0.46 = 45,96 powley formula + Qt Q- 2 Median & = Qs - Qi 45.36 + 34.09 - 2(39.61 = 45.36 - 34.09 - 19.5 — 7928 - oe = 008 Karl Pearson Formula 3(Mean ~ Median) S= 3 _ 389.445 ~ 39.61) _ 3(-0.165) _ = 6.84 "6.84 = ~ 0.072 The daily income of employees range from Rs. 0 to Rs. 18. They are grouped in intervals of Rs. 2 and class frequencies from lowest to the highest class are 5, 39, 69, 41, 29, 22, 16, 7, 5. Find coefficient of skewness, SOLUTION Calculation of coefficient of Skewness 8. = 2+ Q ~"eMedian Q— Qo" @)95 th value lies in the group 4 ~ 6 2 68. h(a _¢ Q =lt f 4 , + Boer - 40 > = a+ Zaasp qe 4d = Bh Median =z th value = = 116.5 th value lies in the group 6 — 8, therefore ot) 2 Median = 6 + gy (116.5 - 113) > 3 x 233 Q= an value = “qth value = 174.5 th value lies in the group 8 — 10, therefore o-1+2@- , =8+ Zar 75 - 154) = 9.43 2 + 57 (3.5) = 617 Putting these values in (i), we have _ 9.43 + 4.41 - 2(6.17) 13.84 - 12.34 g, = 2484 441 ~ 26.17) = 13.84 — 1a08 _ bk =e ae 0.299 9.43 - 441 4.31 Classes | 25-29 | 30-34 = f 18 22 36 = 50-54 | 55-59 | 60-64 26 : 4 Required " Stang: a a (ii Vain Deviation (iii) p, ear ‘SOnian measure of skewnessa we 955.5)" = 19.78 - 18.863 = 0.917 $= 0.917 = 0.957 ) Pearson Measure of Skewness Mean - Mode & = Mode = ] + ———(fm = ft) 81+ G8) daa XP = 31 (48 — 36) $5 * Ga 36) + 48 ~ 4) = 395 +p 05 = = 3.95 + & = 395 + 0998 = 428 : Putting the values of mean, mode and $ in formula , = 4843 - 4.28 0.063 0.957 = 0.066 ® = 0.957 Hi = Mem 22 mist and mis=16 Sat -1is atiance = mi=2-1=1 m'2- a = 16 -(-1)? =16-1=15 = (833) = = 19.78 — (4.343)28 : — MS 8 ett 8s.” ° vay = 15, ma =~ 25 and m's= 80 % (Ove m'2= mi=-% Moments about mean are: m=0 F mnfg- cnt)? = 15 ~ 2) 15-4= 11 ms=m's- 3m m'2+ 2(m'1)5 = 9 ~3(-2) (15) + 2(-2)* =-25+90- 16=49 m=m's-4 my m's + 6(m'1)? m'2 - 3(m‘1)* yo. A-2) (-25) + 6(-2)2(15) ~ 3 (-2)¢ = 80 - 200 + 360 - 48 = 192 ms _ (49)? _ 2401 wie 32 e733 = 8° ms 192 .192_ beget edad = 4,33 (a) It is given that st 290, Sfx = 2610, Ex? = 23780, Dfx* = 219530 and Zfx! = 2056100 Moments about origin x = 0 are: ,, _ bf » 2610 m= "5 = "290 9 snip EE = 29780 _ gp Bf 290 ,, Eixt _ 219530 m's= 5 =~ 990 =757 and 1, _ Bix! _ 20561 ; a fet _ 2056100 _ 7090 Moments about mean are: = m's~ (mi)? = 82 ~ (9)? = 82 ~ gi=1 sms= m's~ 3 m's ms + 2(mn')? = 757 - 3(9) 82 + 2(9)3 = 1 ao dm’: m's + G(m'1)? m’s ~ 3(m')! = 7090 ~ Pe 757) + 6(9)* (82) - 3(9)' ~ 27252 + _ 433 m=7 39852 - 19683 83 (b) Here a=q m2 1, ms 4 and m’ Moments about Treen m’s= 10 m=0 are given by me m'e—(m'2)? = 4 — (12Qs+ Qi-2 Median Coefficient of Skewness = i _ 167.73 + 142.36 — 153.50 167.73 — 142.36 — 3:09. | * 25.37 Sk = 0,122 i @ The necessary calculations are given below x (x-) | @&-)? | («-x)? | («-x)! : s 1 3s 16 2 Es ‘ 3 3 1 : 4 fl 0 i X 8 16 15 r 4 a H —_ix 15 — We know that me= Where r= 1,2,3,4 Ux -¥)4 my = BE 54/5 = 6.8 Veewaaay ig = b2= in Kurtosis a calculations are given below The nec 434_() fe | eo | texe-%) | te-3 | 2 6 6 36 1-3 : 5 10 3 oo 18 ae] ft 8 24 o 8 0 a F mT 22 3 6 18 10- u u 6 6 36 13-15 1 [total | 9 = 2 7 2 a Moments about mean are given by — = 824 335 Calculation of first tour moment its. s f | D=x-5 £D EfD? - | SED? ap | ae j -4 -4 16 64 256 | ; . -3 -18 54 -162 496 | ‘ 3 2 ~26 52 ~104 208 | 5 Bs -1 ~25 25 25 cd 8 22 t . ° . 2 7 3 1 22 22 22 ui | 8 ; 2 18 36 72 fs | 9 3 15 45 135 52 2 apt 8 32 128 | ss ——L_- 10 282 2),, _ 2fD? 282 m 2 EE = 113 = 2.496 (= Et 2058 Ef “113 = 18.212 Moments about mean are mi= mg = m1 - (1)? = 2.496 — (-0.089)? = 2.49 ms =m's— 3m‘ m’2 + 2( my = 0,018 - 3(- 0.089) (2.496) + 2(-0.089)8 = 0.7 mi = m'4—4m'1 ms + 6( m'i m2 +3(m")* = 18.212 — 4(-0.089) (0.018) + 6(- 0.089)? (2.496) +. 3(-0.089)* m4 = 18.33 m3 Skewness = Tne 0.7 07 =Ve.493 3.929 — 0,178 aa, _ 18.83 - 2.46 Kurtosis = im? = a4