 Find a value in age data above which 80% of data point

are there? (ans percentile)

 Find a number in the data cell age new above which
75% of the observation are? (ans quartile)
 Find a number in the data set above which 50 % of the
observation are? (ans median)
 In a test my percentile was 99? at what percentage of
examine Is obtain marks higher than my marks?
a. Let there was 10 seats for admission in
examination and twenty thousand students
appeared is there is any chance of my admission?
Statistical inference
 Mean
 Standard deviation
 Proportion
 Correlation
 Find the percentage of people who were having age
below 45 years
 Find the percentage of individuals having age
Less than 30
30-40
40 and above
 Find percentage of individuals having age 30 to 50
among education?
 Let us select a person at random from the group this
group and ask his age what is probability that his
answer is a number between 30 to 50 years? Ans 45/100
 What is probability that his answer is between to 30 to
50 yrs. and the person is highly literate? Ans 8/100
 What is probability that his answer is a number
between 30to 40 years and education is higher? Ans 8

o Try to find relationship between variable

education, income & sex
Education & sex
Place of resident & income
To answer this question, we make any variate table if
our two variables are qualitative in nature
For example, in present decision sex and income both
are qualitative in nature. sex is qualitative and income is
quantitative, sex and education sex is qualitative and
income is quantitative, education and income both are
quantitative
IF both the variables are quantitative and we have to
find relationship we use a tool called coefficient of
correlation which provides us knowledge about strength
of linear relationship between the two.
 However, one is qualitative and another is quantitative
and we have to find the relationship between two we
use t-test, z-test provided the qualitative value has only
two qualities if qualitative have more then two qualities
then the method which we used to establish
Chi square test when the both variable are quantitative

Ques :-Males are getting higher average salary than female?

Weather this statement is kind of relationship between two
variables ifs write the name of the variables? Ans yes
The type of variable (quantitative, qualitative)
If qualitative the number of qualities? Bez salary is give in
average this is why it is qualitative.
Ques the average income of low literate people was lower
than that of middle literate people which was further lower
than higher literate people? Ans 2 income, education
Income is qualitative, education is quantitative
This test is done by Enova test
The percentage of low literacy was higher among females as
compared to male
Two variable sex and education
Ques from the data it is found that if we increase the
advertisement expenditure our sales will increase?
Variables sales and advertisement expense
Both Quantitative variable
Co efficient of correlation

Suppose this study for which the given data is was with the
purpose to establish the relationship that increase in the
education year increase the income?
Co efficient of correlation what we have two quantitative
phenomena generally we find that by the increase in value of
one variable we notice an increase or decrease in the value of
other variable
Example income(rupee) expenditure (rupee)
Demand(number), supply
As demand increase supply decrease this type of variable
called to be related (in relation).
Now the relationship between two quantitative variables may
be of different kind.
Correlation excel =correl(array1,array2)
Linear correlation when on graph the plotting same straight
line value 1
Negative correlation when the graph plotting goes downwards
value -1
No relation the value near to zero means neoglizble
correlation.
In spss go to graph choose legacy dialog in that choose scatter
then define then take age on x axis and y axis. We find no
relation then go analyze and correlated you will get bivariate.
For both quantitative variables analyze descriptive then cross
tab.
If significant value is less than 5% we can say the variables are
associated with each other otherwise we can say that there is
no association.
Anova is in spss analyze compare mean independent samples
t-test of social category and income.
Companies profit in trimesters of 4 years, 2 variable (profit
and time) total 16 results
Weekly rainfall data for two years = 104 results these type of
data get changes due to four reasons they are called
component of time series data.
1 seasonal effect: is observe if the time series data has time in
smaller factions in year.
2 trend effect: can be observed in any type of time series data.
3 cyclical effect: the cycle effect is observed in long duration.
4 Random effect: is unobservable and it may be due to
earthquake, etc., if we are able to filter out each component
from time series data separately it is called time series data
analysis. And it helps us in prediction of future.
Regression
On the basis of result obtain we can say that y=2.246 -.167
Is regression equation y on x in other words?
income=2.426-3.46*education year
note:- the coefficient of independent variable is – 1.67 minus
sign says education is negatively related with income and 1.67
say that if a person is one year more educated than other his
income will be 2.426 lesser than previous one.
The value 2.426 has signifies or say that if year education of a
person is zero his income will be 2.426 however in many
examples the interpretation of A intercept is not realistic
If we are having one dependent (quantitative) and one
independent in regression equation, it is called simple
regression.
It we have one dependent (quantitative) and more than one
independent then regression is called multiple regression
analysis.
Ques- from the year data of a company regarding its profit we
obtain following regression equation profit
(rupees=4107+1.2* year) can you say that company is
constantly getting profit in every year? Yes, becz the profit
coefficient of time is positive
In year 2001 company profit was (rupees=4 lakh) find the
company’s profit in 2002, 2010