QUESTION 4: Make comparison of 1st and 3rd constitution of Pakistan.

Constitution of Pakistan is the supreme law of Pakistan. There have been several documents
known as the Constitution of Pakistan. The Constitution of 1973 is the existing constitution,
which provides for a parliamentary system with a President as head of state and popularly
elected Prime Minister as head of government. After the creation of Pakistan Indian act 1935 was
implemented as the temporary constitution of Pakistan .
First constitution was 1956 constitution third was 1973 constitution. Comparison between the
two is
1.Soverignty of Allah:
First in 1956 constitution and then in 1973 constitution it was made clear that Allah is the
Supreme power of the universe and is a sole source of all power and authority .
2.Name of state:
In both constitution state was given the name of “Islamic Republic of Pakistan “.
3. President and prime Minister to be a Muslim:
In 1956 constitution it was declared that the president of the country must be Muslim whereas in
the constitution of 1973 it was declared that president and Prime Minister of the country both
should be Muslim .
4. Following collective Islamic Principle:
It was emphasized in both constitutions that Islamic principles like democracy ,freedom ,equality
,tolerance and social justice should be implemented .
5. Promotion of Islamic ways of life:
Pakistan was made on the basis of Islam therefore it was made in sure that Pakistani nation
should be given a chance to spend their lives according to Islamic principles .
6. Measures for Islamic Brotherhood:
Under both of the constitutions ,Pakistan was made responsible for promoting the Islamic spirit
of Brotherhood and unity in Islamic world to have a friendly relationship with other countries .
7. Safety of Basic human rights:
The basic human rights were given under both constitutions .Human rights like speech ,religious
freedom ,writing ,food ,shelter will be the responsibility of the government .
8. Protection of Islamic Values:
Under 1973 constitution it was the responsibility of government to protect the Islamic
traditions .drinking was banned except for the religious occasions for non Muslims .
9. Cultural and Religious freedom of minorities:
It was mentioned clearly in both constitutions that the right of minorities will be protected and
they will be given full religious and cultural freedom .
10. Form of Government:
Parliamentary form of government was introduced in both 1956 and 1973 constitution .
11. Election Method:
Method of direct election was there in both 1956 and 1973 constitution.
12. Constitution written format:
1956 constitution contained 234 articles and 1973 constitution contained 260 articles with 7
schedules.
13.Federal system:
So federal form of government was there in both constitutions .
14.Legislature:
Under 1956 constitution ideal legislator was unicameral and parliament consists of National
Assembly only whereas in 1973 constitution Bicameral legislature was introduced and there was
upper house senate and lower house National Assembly.
15. Establishment of Islamic courts and punishments :
For the first time in 1973 constitution Islamic courts were established and punishments were
made according to Shariah .

QUESTION 03: State features of the resolution about Aims and Objectives of the
Constitution?
The objective resolution:
In the framing of constitution first big step was taken by constituent assembly on 12 March 1949
and when it passed is known as objective resolution. And Liaquat Ali Khan moved this
resolution.
Features of the objective resolution:
The salient features of objective resolution are as follows:
1. Sovereignty of Allah:
Allah is the source of all power and authority. The people of Pakistan shall exercise this
authority as a scared trust within limits prescribed by Allah through their chosen representatives.
Man is the deputy of Allah.
2. Constitution:
Constitution is to be framed for sovereign independent Pakistan.
3. Elected representatives of people:
Power will be exercised through elected representatives of people.
4. Observance of Islamic principles:
The Islamic principles such as democracy, freedom, equality and social justice would be
implemented in the country and dedicated by Islam.
5. Islamic code of life:
Opportunities will be furnished to the people of Pakistan so that they can individually and
collectively lead their lives according to the teachings of Islam.
6. Protection of rights and interests of minorities:
Safeguarding the interest of minorities backward and depressed classes. So the legal, political,
economic, religious and social rights of minorities will be protected.
7. Implementation of Islamic principles:
The administration of a country would be run according to Quran and Sunnah.
8. Teachings of Islam:
Enabling Muslims to live their lives in accordance with the teachings of Islam.
9. Federation:
Pakistan shall be a federation with independent units.
10. State sovereignty and territorial integrity:
State sovereignty and territorial integrity will be protected.
11. Protection of fundamental rights:
People of Pakistan should prosper and attain their rightful place and also make contribution
towards international peace, and progress and happiness of humanity.
12. Independent judiciary:
The independence judiciary will be ensure.

QUESTION 01: What are the impacts from natural calamities on Agricultural?
Natural climate plays a vital role in agriculture sector. Labor is in the hand of mankind but the
result is in the hands of Allah almighty in agriculture sector. Natural disasters include floods
,excessive heavy rain ,Locust attack ,storms and earthquakes. These calamities destroy crops,
leave land barren , contaminate water resources used for irrigation, loss of cattle and reduce
productivity. Natural calamities not only affect the agriculture sector but all the sectors which are
in direct or indirect relation with agriculture sector are affected suggest textile industries. In case
of heavy rain there is a reduction in productivity by 20%. Hundreds of acres of harvest is lost
every year by locust attack and floods. Humans cannot fight these natural calamities but can only
take precautionary measures to minimize the loss .

QUESTION 02: What should be the objective of the Pakistan’s foreign policy while
defending the Kashmir case in United Nations?
Kashmir is connected to Pakistan naturally at the time of independence the population of
Kashmir was inclined towards the Pakistan but the Hindu leader declared to join India on
October 27 1947 Indian troops landed on Sirinagar and India had the half of Kashmir called as
Indian occupied Kashmir. Pakistan foreign policy has encountered many difficult situations with
India ,especially on the core issue of Pakistan. As no country today can think of life independent
of other nations so objective of Pakistan foreign policy while defending Kashmir case in united
nation should be leaned more towards the peaceful relationship between India and Pakistan
.Matter should be resolved without aggressive attitude with tranquility .Mutual understanding
should be there while considering the Kashmir case .Because it is not just about the piece of land
it is about the lives of hundreds of innocent people who deserve equal freedom and rights as all
the other individuals of the world .