Assignment # 03

Course Instructor: Dr Syed Abdul Rehman

Issue Date: 23-May-2022

Submission Date: 30-May-2022

Registration# Name
Submitted by:
21-CS-18 Malaika Nasir
QUESTION:

What is constitution of 1973 and characteristics of 1973? How

Islamic ideology is reflected in 1973?

CONSTITUTION:
Constitution is set of laws/principles on which a country is
acknowledged to be governed .Body of rules which regulates the
system of a government within a state.

CONSTITUTION OF 1973:
On 7th April, 1972 the national assembly of Pakistan appointed a
committee to draft a comprehensive and effective permanent
constitution of Pakistan. At last on 14th august 1973 it came to
enforced.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSTITUTION 1973:

The constitution of Pakistan 1973 is different from previous
constitutions. It has the following characteristics:

 Written Constitution: It is a comprehensive written constitution

which consists of 280 articles.

 Rigid Constitution: As compare to previous constitutions it’s a

rigid constitution. No government can make amendments at their
own will. Two-third majority of both houses is mandatory.
  Bicameral legislature: The constitution emphasize upon dual
legislature system. The parliament consists of two houses named
Senate and National assembly. The Senate (upper house) consists
of 63 members while the National assembly (lower house)
consists of 207 and this house enjoys wide powers of legislature.
 Parliamentary system: The constitution proposes a parliamentary
form of government. Prime minister will be the head of
parliamentary and will have more power than President.

 Method of Election: The method of election was declared as

direct method. The members of National and provincial
assemblies will be elected directly by people of Pakistan.

 Rule of Law: The 1973 Constitution establishes rule of law in

Pakistan. According to rule of law no person can be deprived of
his fundamental rights. All the citizens of Pakistan are equal
before law.

 Islamic Ideology: Emphasis was made to build up a genuine

Islamic system and objective resolution was made the core of this
constitution.

ISLAMIC IDEOLOGY AND CONSTITION 1973:

Islam is a complete code of life as stated in the Holy Quran
(3:19).Ideology is a set of ideas and Muslims simply believe in Islamic
Ideology the system based on the tenets of Islam. Pakistan was the only
country who came into being on the basis of Islam. That is why it is
named as Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
Following are the aspects of constitution that reflects Islamic Ideology
of Pakistan:

 Sovereignty to Allah: The preamble opens with “Bismillah-hir-

Rahman-nir-Raheem” and continues with these words.
“Whereas sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to
Allah Almighty alone, and the authority to be exercised by the
People of Pakistan within the limits prescribed by Him, is a sacred
trust.”

 Islamic Republic: The state was proclaimed as Islamic republic of

Pakistan.

 State Religion: It was for the first time in the history that Islam
was clearly proclaimed as the religion of state.

 Muslim Heads of the State: Only a Muslim shall be elected as a

President as well as Prime minister.
  Definition of Muslim: It was for the first time that constitution
defines Muslim in an unambiguous terms .A Muslim is one who
believes in oneness of Allah and accepts Hazrat Muhammad
(SAW) as last prophet. It declares Lahori and Qadiani Sects of
Mirzais as non-Muslims.

 Establishment of an Islamic society: The Preamble of constitution

says that people of Pakistan aspire to establish a society based on
the Islamic principles of democracy, tolerance, freedom, equality
and social justice.

 Islamic Education: The state shall try to make the learning of Holy
Quran and Islamic education compulsory, encourage the learning
of Arabic and ensure error-free printing of Quran.

 Preservation of Islamic Institutions and values: The state has

been held responsible for the proper organization of zakat, auqaf
and masajids and elimination of vices.

 Solidarity with Muslim World: The constitution further says to

establish friendly relations with Muslim countries on the basis of
Islamic fraternity.

CONCLUSION:
The constitution 1973 was a comprehensive document based on the
Islamic principles and tenets of Islam. The protection of minorities,
Islamic values and freedom of religion shall be made possible in the
country. The whole constitution revolves around the teachings of Holy
Quran and Sunnah. The Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said that:

“Fundamentally in an Islamic state, Authority rests with Almighty Allah.

The working of an Islamic government is conducted in according to the
Quranic principles and injunctions.”
QUESTION:
Historical background from 1600 to 1947 (independence)

Timeline:
 1600: British forms East India Company to trade which ultimately
results the controlled of British rule in the subcontinent.

 1605: The great Mughal emperor Akbar died and his son Jahangir
became the fourth Mughal emperor.

 1613: British East India company successfully deal with Mughal

emperor Jahangir for the opening of a trading post at Surat.

 1628: Under the rule of ShahJahn the Mughal Empire reached at

the peak of its cultural splendors.

 1647: ShahJahn completes Taj Mahal in Agra which is still one of

the beautiful buildings in the World.

 1658: Aurangzeb became the Mughal Emperor and from his rule
the declining of empire started.

 1719:   Muhammad Shah took the throne, the empire had

already begun to break up. 

 1761: Afghan army of Ahmad Shah Durrani routs Hindu

Maratha forces at Panipat.
 1799: In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a force of British East
India company and Marathas troops defeated Tipu Sultan.

 1803:  The Mughal Empire had lost all of its territory to its
rivals and to the British.

 1831: British Christians defeated Maharaja Ranjit singh in

Balakot.

 1843: British conquer the Sindh region (present-Day Pakistan).

 1857-1858: India was given under the direct control of the British
crown result of the War of independence.

 1867: Prominent Hindu campaigned to replace the court language

Urdu with Hindi.

 1870: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan started a society to educate Indian-

Muslims at Banaras.

 1875: Sir Syed established Muhammadan Anglo Oriental school

at Aligarh.

 1885: Indian National Congress was founded. Sir Syed told the
Muslims not to join this party because it was the representative
body of the Hindus. As the Muslims form a separate nation, they
will form their own separate body.

 1898: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan passed away.

 1905: Partition of Bengal take place results in East and West
Bengal.

 1906: Simla Deputation was held between Muslim leadres and

viceroy Lord Minto. Important Muslim demands were discussed.

 1906: Foundation of All India Muslim league in Dhaka.

 1911: Annulment of partition of Bengal due to the protest of

Hindus which was very discouraging for the Muslims.

 1913: Quaid-e-Azam joined All India Muslim League.

 1914-1918: First World War has started in Europe.

 1916: Lucknow Pact, It was decided that both Muslim league and
Congress would submit a jointly agreed scheme.

 1919: Khilafat Movement was started so that the holy places at

Turkey should not be hand over to the non-Muslims.

 1928: Nehru Report

 1929: Quaid-e-Azam’s 14 points an answer to Nehru report.

 1930: Allam Iqbal’s Presedential address at Allahbad for a

separate homeland for the Muslims of the subcontinent.
 1931-1932: Round table Conferences for the discussion of future
constitution.
 1935: The Government of India Act was passed by the British
parliament.

 1937: General Elections were held and there was great upset for
Muslim league as they don’t get majority votes.

 1939: Second World War has started. It was the most widespread
war in the history.

 1940: The Lahore Resolution, Muslim league held a meeting at

Lahore where they believe that Muslims of India will not accept
the constitution of Hindu majority.

 1942: The Cripps mission by the British was an agreement that

Indian will support British in World War ll. Both the major parties
rejected the proposal and it was a failure.

 1946: Elections were held and there was massive popularity of

the Muslim League.The struggle for Pakistan on the basis of Islam
was motivated and Muslim League won Muslim majority seats.It
was a great initiative for a separate homeland.

 1946: Cabinet Mission was held. British sent three cabinet

members, the offers by the British were rejected by the ML and
congress.
 1947: Third June Plan was made by the British for the partition of
Muslim majority areas and the British rule will come to an end.
 1947: The British government passed the Indian Independence
Act.Territory of Pakistan was divided into two parts East and West
Pakistan. At last Pakistan came into being on 14th August 1947
while India got Independence of 15th August 1947.