UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

CCB10702 MATERIAL BALANCES

TUTORIAL 2

1. 1000 kg/hr of a mixture of benzene (B) and toluene (T) that contains 50% benzene by
mass are separated by distillation into two fractions. The mass flow rate of benzene in
the product top stream is 450 kg B/hr and that of toluene in the bottom stream is 475
kg T/hr. The operation is at steady state. Write balances on benzene and toluene to
calculate unknown component flow rate in the output streams.

2. 100.0 kg/hr of a liquid mixture of benzene (B) and toluene (T) that contains 55%
benzene by mass is partially evaporated to yield ṁv (kg/h) of a vapor containing
85.0% benzene and ṁ1 (kg/h) of a residual liquid containing 89.4% toluene by mass.
The operation is continuous and at steady state.
a) Draw a process flowchart
b) Write balances on total mass and on benzene
c) Determine the expected values of mv and ml.

3. Two methanol-water mixtures contained in separate flasks. The first mixture contains
40 wt% methanol, and the second contains 70 wt% methanol. If 200 g of the mixture
are combined with 150 g of the second, what are the mass and composition of the
product?

4. A 60-40 mixture (by moles) of A and B is separated into two fractions. A flowchart of
the process is shown. It is desired to achieve the same separation with a continuous
feed of 1250 lb-moles/h. Scale the flowchart accordingly.

5. Three hundred gallons of a mixture containing 75.0 wt% ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and
25% water (mixture specific gravity = 0.877) and a quantity of a 40.0 wt% ethanol-
60% water mixture (SG = 0.952) are blended to produce containing 60.0 wt% ethanol.
The object of this problem is to determine V40, the required volume of the 40%
mixture.

6. One thousand kilograms per hour of a mixture containing equal parts by mass of
methanol and water is distilled. Products streams leave the top and the bottom of the
distillation column. The flow rate of the bottom stream is measured and found to be
673 kg/hr, and the overhead stream is analyzed and found to contain 96.0 wt%
methanol.
a) Draw and label a flowchart of the process and do the degree of-of-freedom
analysis.
b) Calculate the mass and mole fractions of methanol and the molar flow rates of
methanol and water in the bottom product stream.
7. A liquid mixture containing 30.0 mole% benzene (B), 25.0% toluene (T), and the
balance xylene (X) is fed to a distillation column. The bottom product contains 98.0
mole% X and no B, and 96.0% of the X in the feed is recovered in this stream. The
overhead product is fed to a second column. The overhead product from from the
second column contains 97.0% of the B in the feed to this column. The composition
of this stream is 94.0 mole% B and the balance T.
a) Draw and label flowchart of this process and do the degree-of-freedom analysis to
prove that for an assumed basis of calculation, molar flow rates and compositions
of all process streams can be calculated from the given information. Write in order
the equations you would solve to calculate unknown process variables. Do no
calculations.
b) Calculate i) the percentage of the benzene in the process feed (i.e feed to the first
column) that emerges in the overhead product from the second column and ii) the
percentage of toluene in the process feed that emerges in the bottom product from
the second column.